In the face of war and a global pandemic, the hotel and restaurant industry in Ukraine has been compelled to adapt swiftly to unpredictable changes. This article assesses the efficiency of service, technological, and managerial processes within this sector, employing concepts from Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and customer experience, and operational efficiency. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate efficiency coefficients, focusing on factors like staff engagement, local sourcing, streamlined check-in processes, resource optimization, and dynamic pricing based on demand. The study highlights the shift toward flexible operational management and customer service modeling amidst uncertain conditions. Using the case of Ribas Hotels Group from 2012-2023, the article demonstrates strategies such as cost optimization and dynamic pricing, showcasing how CRM principles aid in building customer loyalty during turbulent times. The research provides valuable insights into the growth sources of gross operating profitability, emphasizing the practical significance of efficient processes in the Ukrainian hotel and restaurant business.
{"title":"Ensuring the Efficiency of Service, Technology, and Management Processes in the Hotel and Restaurant Business","authors":"Yuliia Zemlina, Svitlana Peresichna, Oksana Oliinyk, Olha Danylenko, Serhii Krasovskyi, Olena Vasylenko","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.105","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of war and a global pandemic, the hotel and restaurant industry in Ukraine has been compelled to adapt swiftly to unpredictable changes. This article assesses the efficiency of service, technological, and managerial processes within this sector, employing concepts from Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and customer experience, and operational efficiency. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate efficiency coefficients, focusing on factors like staff engagement, local sourcing, streamlined check-in processes, resource optimization, and dynamic pricing based on demand. The study highlights the shift toward flexible operational management and customer service modeling amidst uncertain conditions. Using the case of Ribas Hotels Group from 2012-2023, the article demonstrates strategies such as cost optimization and dynamic pricing, showcasing how CRM principles aid in building customer loyalty during turbulent times. The research provides valuable insights into the growth sources of gross operating profitability, emphasizing the practical significance of efficient processes in the Ukrainian hotel and restaurant business.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.100
Soni Akhmad Nulhaqim, Wandi Adiansah
The Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office is the leading sector in the implementation of social conflict management programs in Sumedang Regency. Various conflict management programs in Sumedang Regency are directed at handling ATHG and potential conflicts so that they do not become open conflicts. The implementation of these conflict management programs is carried out through four main aspects, namely communication, resources, attitudes, and bureaucracy. This research aims to analyze the four aspects of the program implementation in the social conflict management programs by the Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office. The research method used in this study was a qualitative descriptive research method. The data sources in this study were primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques (non-participatory observation), in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and literature studies. Sequentially, the data that had been collected were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, data interpretation, and concluding (data interpretation). The research results show that in the aspect of communication, the Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office carries out a communication process both internally and externally and is facilitated directly by the Sumedang Regency Integrated Social Conflict Management Team. In the aspect of resources, there are three main resources, namely budgetary resources, human resources, and equipment resources. In the aspect of attitudes, the program implementers have good attitudes, knowledge, understanding, and competence towards the programs as well as being quick to respond to cases and spry to the tasks given. In addition, the implementers also have high obedience, dedication, willingness, and loyalty when implementing the programs. In the aspect of bureaucracy, the division of authority and bureaucratic structure in implementing the program internally and externally is carried out in a clear and tiered manner from the regency to the ward/village levels.
{"title":"Implementation of Social Conflict Management Programs in Sumedang Regency by the Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office","authors":"Soni Akhmad Nulhaqim, Wandi Adiansah","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.100","url":null,"abstract":"The Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office is the leading sector in the implementation of social conflict management programs in Sumedang Regency. Various conflict management programs in Sumedang Regency are directed at handling ATHG and potential conflicts so that they do not become open conflicts. The implementation of these conflict management programs is carried out through four main aspects, namely communication, resources, attitudes, and bureaucracy. This research aims to analyze the four aspects of the program implementation in the social conflict management programs by the Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office. The research method used in this study was a qualitative descriptive research method. The data sources in this study were primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques (non-participatory observation), in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and literature studies. Sequentially, the data that had been collected were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, data interpretation, and concluding (data interpretation). The research results show that in the aspect of communication, the Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office carries out a communication process both internally and externally and is facilitated directly by the Sumedang Regency Integrated Social Conflict Management Team. In the aspect of resources, there are three main resources, namely budgetary resources, human resources, and equipment resources. In the aspect of attitudes, the program implementers have good attitudes, knowledge, understanding, and competence towards the programs as well as being quick to respond to cases and spry to the tasks given. In addition, the implementers also have high obedience, dedication, willingness, and loyalty when implementing the programs. In the aspect of bureaucracy, the division of authority and bureaucratic structure in implementing the program internally and externally is carried out in a clear and tiered manner from the regency to the ward/village levels.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"77 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.102
Zeeshan Shabbir Rana, Intizar Hussain, Abdul Saboor, Muhammad Usman, Shumaila Sadiq, Nasir Mahmood, Lal Khan Almas
Climate change poses a serious threat to the agrarian economy of Pakistan. Future agriculture productivity of the country can only be secured through the adaptation of climate change strategies. This research is designed to investigate the farmers’ perceptions of climate change and their satisfaction with the adaptation measures in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The questionnaire-based data was collected in 36 districts, from 360 respondents through the field survey. Both random and convenient sampling techniques were employed. For empirical analysis, a Multinomial Logistic regression model was operated. The results indicate that an increase in per-hectare yield lessens the farmer’s vulnerability to climate change. This research found that the farmers observed that changing precipitation patterns, extreme climate events, mutable sowing and harvesting time, temperature variation, night temperature, and traditional crop varieties are key vulnerable factors of climate change. These may create an alarming situation for agriculture productivity in the province. It is registered that farmers are not satisfied with adaptation measures particularly concerning heat-resistant and drought-resistant varieties. Agriculture extension services could not deliver optimally to protect the agriculture output from climate vulnerability. The results show that farmers are not satisfied with the performance of climate-resilient and research institutions. It is recommended that the government, research institutions, and climate-resilient institutions design new sowing and harvesting patterns, new seed varieties, new climatic zones, and alternative crop switching. The whole paradigm of extension services needs to be modernized and mechanized with the wider application of ICTs. The extension department should timely disseminate the climate information and educate the farmers on climate resilience and adaptation.
{"title":"Perceptions on Climate Change and Satisfaction on Adaptive Measures: Farmer Field Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Zeeshan Shabbir Rana, Intizar Hussain, Abdul Saboor, Muhammad Usman, Shumaila Sadiq, Nasir Mahmood, Lal Khan Almas","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.102","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change poses a serious threat to the agrarian economy of Pakistan. Future agriculture productivity of the country can only be secured through the adaptation of climate change strategies. This research is designed to investigate the farmers’ perceptions of climate change and their satisfaction with the adaptation measures in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The questionnaire-based data was collected in 36 districts, from 360 respondents through the field survey. Both random and convenient sampling techniques were employed. For empirical analysis, a Multinomial Logistic regression model was operated. The results indicate that an increase in per-hectare yield lessens the farmer’s vulnerability to climate change. This research found that the farmers observed that changing precipitation patterns, extreme climate events, mutable sowing and harvesting time, temperature variation, night temperature, and traditional crop varieties are key vulnerable factors of climate change. These may create an alarming situation for agriculture productivity in the province. It is registered that farmers are not satisfied with adaptation measures particularly concerning heat-resistant and drought-resistant varieties. Agriculture extension services could not deliver optimally to protect the agriculture output from climate vulnerability. The results show that farmers are not satisfied with the performance of climate-resilient and research institutions. It is recommended that the government, research institutions, and climate-resilient institutions design new sowing and harvesting patterns, new seed varieties, new climatic zones, and alternative crop switching. The whole paradigm of extension services needs to be modernized and mechanized with the wider application of ICTs. The extension department should timely disseminate the climate information and educate the farmers on climate resilience and adaptation.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135994877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.98
Maria A. Zoran, Roxana Savastru, Dan Savastru, Marina N. Tautan, Adrian C. Penache
This study aims to identify the impact of increasing urbanization in the Bucharest metropolitan area in Romania on the regional climate by analyzing spatiotemporal changes in MODIS Terra/Aqua geospatial and in-situ time series of land surface albedo and climate parameters during the 2002- 2022 period. Additionally, this paper quantifies the effect of urban spatiotemporal land surface albedo changes in urban thermal environment. Our analysis combined multiple long-term satellite products (e.g., land surface temperature-LST, normalized vegetation index/Enhanced Vegetation Index –NDVI/EVI, land surface albedo -LSA, leaf area index-LAI, evapotranspiration-ET) with high-resolution land cover datasets in a complex statistical and spatial regression analysis. During summer hot periods, the findings of this study reveal a strong inverse correlation between LSA and LST (r= -0.80; p<0.01) in all city sectors associated with a high negative impact on the urban thermal environment. As a measure of urban surface thermal properties, broadband albedo depends also on the atmospheric conditions. As a key parameter in urban climate research, LST interannual variations in relationship with air temperature –AT is very important in urban climate studies. The rank correlation analyses revealed that, at the pixel-scale, during the summer season (June-August) air temperature at 2m height AT and LST presents a strong positive correlation (r= 0.87%, p<0.01). During summer periods (June – August), LST-NDVI shows an inverse correlation (for central city areal r= -0.24, p< 0.05; and for metropolis areal r= -0.69, p<0.01). However, urban/periurban vegetation land covers may have major feedback to the anticipated urban climate change modeling scenarios through albedo changes due to the fact that the urban physical climate system is extremely sensitive to land surface albedo.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Changes of Urban Land Surface Albedo Impact on Thermal Environment in Bucharest Metropolitan City","authors":"Maria A. Zoran, Roxana Savastru, Dan Savastru, Marina N. Tautan, Adrian C. Penache","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.98","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify the impact of increasing urbanization in the Bucharest metropolitan area in Romania on the regional climate by analyzing spatiotemporal changes in MODIS Terra/Aqua geospatial and in-situ time series of land surface albedo and climate parameters during the 2002- 2022 period. Additionally, this paper quantifies the effect of urban spatiotemporal land surface albedo changes in urban thermal environment. Our analysis combined multiple long-term satellite products (e.g., land surface temperature-LST, normalized vegetation index/Enhanced Vegetation Index –NDVI/EVI, land surface albedo -LSA, leaf area index-LAI, evapotranspiration-ET) with high-resolution land cover datasets in a complex statistical and spatial regression analysis. During summer hot periods, the findings of this study reveal a strong inverse correlation between LSA and LST (r= -0.80; p<0.01) in all city sectors associated with a high negative impact on the urban thermal environment. As a measure of urban surface thermal properties, broadband albedo depends also on the atmospheric conditions. As a key parameter in urban climate research, LST interannual variations in relationship with air temperature –AT is very important in urban climate studies. The rank correlation analyses revealed that, at the pixel-scale, during the summer season (June-August) air temperature at 2m height AT and LST presents a strong positive correlation (r= 0.87%, p<0.01). During summer periods (June – August), LST-NDVI shows an inverse correlation (for central city areal r= -0.24, p< 0.05; and for metropolis areal r= -0.69, p<0.01). However, urban/periurban vegetation land covers may have major feedback to the anticipated urban climate change modeling scenarios through albedo changes due to the fact that the urban physical climate system is extremely sensitive to land surface albedo.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.99
Abhishek Kumar Rajesh Jha, Anders S. G. Andrae, Brijesh Mainali
The use of Information Communication technology (ICT) is rapidly increasing in an age of digitalization. Measurement of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions from ICT is crucial for reducing them. Most ICT organizations focus on Scope 1 and 2 emissions as they have greater control over them, commonly ignoring Scope 3 emissions. Scope 3 Category 1 (S3C1) emissions occur throughout the raw material acquisition and manufacturing stages of an ICT product's life cycle accounting for a large portion of the sector's overall CO2e emissions and energy consumption. By not reporting Scope 3 emissions, companies lose the ability to reduce their overall CO2e corporate emissions. Although Category 1 and 11 under Scope 3 account for 85% of ICT's worldwide CO2e emissions, the methodologies for calculating S3C1 emissions in ICT are understudied. This study focuses on these emissions in the framework of Sustainable Development Goals 9, 12, and 13. Product life cycle assessment (PLCA) and Spend-based methods have been used to analyze S3C1 emissions in the ICT sector with two case examples of laptop computers and smartphones. The Excel Management Life Cycle Assessment (EMLCA) tool has been used for the S3C1 emissions estimation. PLCA and Spend-based methods are compared on their ability to calculate CO2e emissions. It is concluded that the Spend-based is faster than PLCA for predicting ICT emissions with modest uncertainty for smartphone and laptop components. Furthermore, this work explores the advantages and downsides of both methods.
{"title":"Comparison of Methods for Calculating Indirect Upstream Carbon Emissions from Information and Communication Technology Manufacturing","authors":"Abhishek Kumar Rajesh Jha, Anders S. G. Andrae, Brijesh Mainali","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.99","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Information Communication technology (ICT) is rapidly increasing in an age of digitalization. Measurement of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions from ICT is crucial for reducing them. Most ICT organizations focus on Scope 1 and 2 emissions as they have greater control over them, commonly ignoring Scope 3 emissions. Scope 3 Category 1 (S3C1) emissions occur throughout the raw material acquisition and manufacturing stages of an ICT product's life cycle accounting for a large portion of the sector's overall CO2e emissions and energy consumption. By not reporting Scope 3 emissions, companies lose the ability to reduce their overall CO2e corporate emissions. Although Category 1 and 11 under Scope 3 account for 85% of ICT's worldwide CO2e emissions, the methodologies for calculating S3C1 emissions in ICT are understudied. This study focuses on these emissions in the framework of Sustainable Development Goals 9, 12, and 13. Product life cycle assessment (PLCA) and Spend-based methods have been used to analyze S3C1 emissions in the ICT sector with two case examples of laptop computers and smartphones. The Excel Management Life Cycle Assessment (EMLCA) tool has been used for the S3C1 emissions estimation. PLCA and Spend-based methods are compared on their ability to calculate CO2e emissions. It is concluded that the Spend-based is faster than PLCA for predicting ICT emissions with modest uncertainty for smartphone and laptop components. Furthermore, this work explores the advantages and downsides of both methods.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.96
Jeongmook Choi, Jongpil Jeong
Traditionally, food and drink have been used as a means of survival. In recent years, as technology has advanced and our quality of life has improved, we have begun to seek out better food - not just for the sake of the food itself, but to consume wisely, considering not only the ingredients but also the manufacturing process. Companies that used to simply produce and deliver products now need to provide services such as quality, promptness, and information, especially when it comes to quality control and safety, and quality management, which are directly related to the lives and safety of consumers. Many companies are introducing quality management systems to provide quality that meets the needs of customers and the market. With the development of information technology, quality inspection methods are becoming more diverse and sophisticated. However, the risk of defects occurring in the process still exists. In this paper, when a process fails due to an unknown cause, the analog/digital data of that process is selected and compared with normal cases. At that time, the analog/digital data of that process is selected and compared with normal and abnormal cases. Then, multiple regression analysis is used to describe the process of finding the failure point.
{"title":"Design and Comparative Analysis of Quality Management Systems in Aseptic Process for Smart HACCP in Food and Beverage Industry","authors":"Jeongmook Choi, Jongpil Jeong","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.96","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, food and drink have been used as a means of survival. In recent years, as technology has advanced and our quality of life has improved, we have begun to seek out better food - not just for the sake of the food itself, but to consume wisely, considering not only the ingredients but also the manufacturing process. Companies that used to simply produce and deliver products now need to provide services such as quality, promptness, and information, especially when it comes to quality control and safety, and quality management, which are directly related to the lives and safety of consumers. Many companies are introducing quality management systems to provide quality that meets the needs of customers and the market. With the development of information technology, quality inspection methods are becoming more diverse and sophisticated. However, the risk of defects occurring in the process still exists. In this paper, when a process fails due to an unknown cause, the analog/digital data of that process is selected and compared with normal cases. At that time, the analog/digital data of that process is selected and compared with normal and abnormal cases. Then, multiple regression analysis is used to describe the process of finding the failure point.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest and land fires in Central Kalimantan Province in 2015 caused a lot of losses in the aspects of health and the economy. Therefore, the community filed a citizen lawsuit at the Palangkaraya District Court in 2016, suing the Indonesian President, various Ministers, the Governor, and the Legislative House of Central Kalimantan. From the first level to the cassation level, the plaintiffs won the case. But then, a judicial review was carried out and the Supreme Court granted it. So, the Government was free from any charges. This research used a socio-legal research method with a case study approach. Decision No. 980 PK/PDT/2022 which granted the Substantial Government Review had not created justice for the community and the environment, even though it aimed to maximize benefits for the community. The lawsuit filed by civil society in the case of forest fires in Central Kalimantan in 2015 against the government was a citizen lawsuit. The community’s demands through the lawsuit aimed to uphold and protect the environment and ecocracy principles. Thus, the Supreme Court decision is considered to fail in representing the principle of substantive justice.
{"title":"Implications of Citizen Lawsuits for Forest and Land Fires in Central Kalimantan Province from the Perspective of Environmental Justice","authors":"F. X. Ary Setiawan, Absori Absori, Kelik Wardiono, Arief Budiono, Achmadi Achmadi, Wardah Yuspin","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.97","url":null,"abstract":"Forest and land fires in Central Kalimantan Province in 2015 caused a lot of losses in the aspects of health and the economy. Therefore, the community filed a citizen lawsuit at the Palangkaraya District Court in 2016, suing the Indonesian President, various Ministers, the Governor, and the Legislative House of Central Kalimantan. From the first level to the cassation level, the plaintiffs won the case. But then, a judicial review was carried out and the Supreme Court granted it. So, the Government was free from any charges. This research used a socio-legal research method with a case study approach. Decision No. 980 PK/PDT/2022 which granted the Substantial Government Review had not created justice for the community and the environment, even though it aimed to maximize benefits for the community. The lawsuit filed by civil society in the case of forest fires in Central Kalimantan in 2015 against the government was a citizen lawsuit. The community’s demands through the lawsuit aimed to uphold and protect the environment and ecocracy principles. Thus, the Supreme Court decision is considered to fail in representing the principle of substantive justice.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.92
Rasul Ruzmetov, Ikram Abdullaev, Muzaffar Bekchanov, Shirin Atajanova, Zafar Matyakubov, Manzura Doschanova, Jalol Doschanov, Shodlik Ibragimov, Abdulla Iskandarov
We have focused our research on determining whether the timbers used as a building material by the population today are resistant or nonresistant to termite damage. The main purpose of this was to learn which types of trees cannot be used as building materials for houses or other structures. In this, we used Salix, Populus, Aleagnus, Ulmus, Pinus, and Betula wood species. We carried out research both in the laboratory and in the field (termite nests and residential buildings). In this case, damage by termites of these pieces of wood placed around termite nests accounts for one year. Salix and Populus wood materials were 86.6±6/50.0±4 percent in laboratory conditions, 93.3±5/90±5 in home, and Pinus and Betula wood materials were 6.6±0.7/0 in laboratory conditions and 13, 3±2/3.3±0.8 percent in home were damage noted. The causes of serious damage to wooden materials by termites are mainly due to the increase of humidity and the growth of fungi. When fungal cultures were isolated from damaged wood and their morphological characteristics were studied, it was found that wood decay fungi belonging to the genera Alternaria and Cladosporium were present. When studying the content of substances difficult to decompose by enzymes and microorganisms in the wood materials, it was found lignin that 20.1±0.3% was present in Salix and 41.2±0.3% in Betula wood. It has been found that in areas with high humidity, wood materials are decomposed by fungi and other microorganisms and the microorganisms multiply faster, As a result, wood more damage by termites. Lignin and some of its compounds prevent the growth of microorganisms. Wood materials made from trees belonging to the genera Pinus and Betula are resistant to termite damage due to their high lignin content.
{"title":"Tendencies of Termites of the Genera Anacanthotermes Jacobson to Damage the Wooden Parts of Buildings","authors":"Rasul Ruzmetov, Ikram Abdullaev, Muzaffar Bekchanov, Shirin Atajanova, Zafar Matyakubov, Manzura Doschanova, Jalol Doschanov, Shodlik Ibragimov, Abdulla Iskandarov","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.92","url":null,"abstract":"We have focused our research on determining whether the timbers used as a building material by the population today are resistant or nonresistant to termite damage. The main purpose of this was to learn which types of trees cannot be used as building materials for houses or other structures. In this, we used Salix, Populus, Aleagnus, Ulmus, Pinus, and Betula wood species. We carried out research both in the laboratory and in the field (termite nests and residential buildings). In this case, damage by termites of these pieces of wood placed around termite nests accounts for one year. Salix and Populus wood materials were 86.6±6/50.0±4 percent in laboratory conditions, 93.3±5/90±5 in home, and Pinus and Betula wood materials were 6.6±0.7/0 in laboratory conditions and 13, 3±2/3.3±0.8 percent in home were damage noted. The causes of serious damage to wooden materials by termites are mainly due to the increase of humidity and the growth of fungi. When fungal cultures were isolated from damaged wood and their morphological characteristics were studied, it was found that wood decay fungi belonging to the genera Alternaria and Cladosporium were present. When studying the content of substances difficult to decompose by enzymes and microorganisms in the wood materials, it was found lignin that 20.1±0.3% was present in Salix and 41.2±0.3% in Betula wood. It has been found that in areas with high humidity, wood materials are decomposed by fungi and other microorganisms and the microorganisms multiply faster, As a result, wood more damage by termites. Lignin and some of its compounds prevent the growth of microorganisms. Wood materials made from trees belonging to the genera Pinus and Betula are resistant to termite damage due to their high lignin content.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temporally sensitive tree modeling and urban park spatially explicit simulation offer advantages to large-scale landscape planning and design, especially in the context of smart applications for virtual parks and forests, while Blockchain technology provides collaborative engineering, data integrity, and information confidence. A proof-of-concept 2.5D tree architecture and Blockchain integration technique (distributed Internet-of-Trees images, “IoTr-images”) was presented as a low-cost metaverse case study that affects the forest monitoring and digital landscape architecture design infrastructures. At the core of the proposed feature-based parametric modeling methodology is a 2.5D tree CAD model composed of two perpendicular 2D tree frames on which recorded tree texture has been assigned. A “Batch command-line programming” technique has been implemented, as a user-defined routine at the top of a commercial CAD platform, to describe the proposed off-the-self method and to create tangible tree-image NFT tokens (Internet-of-Trees-images Blockchain). As important findings were recorded, the add-in planning intelligence, the superior data integrity, and confidence, the offline relaxed error-free CAD design, and the superiority in terms of time and cost compared to traditional 3D tree modeling methods (laser scanning, close-range photogrammetry, etc.); as well as the satisfactory tree modeling accuracy for smart forest monitoring and landscape architecture applications. The proposed 2.5D parametric tree model added new value to the CAD-Blockchain integration industry because a plain “Blockchain/Merkle hash tree” tracks tree geometry growth and texture change temporarily with simple parametric transactions (i.e. controlled hash tree magnification/scaling). So, metaverse functionality (decentralized, autonomous, coordinated, and parallel design; same-data sharing; data validation), modification and redesign ability, and planning intelligence are effectively supported by the proposed technique. Main contributions are regarded as the ability for smart forest distributed surveillance and collaborative parallel landscape architecture design, open-source Web-based educational simulations, as well as the potential for off-the-shelf contractual collaborative frameworks (smart contracts between designers and clients). Stratification based on forest types improved above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation, especially when AGB was greater than 500 Mg/ha, using the proposed “IoTr-images” technique. So, this research provides new insight into AGB modeling and monitoring. Finally, the proposed method’s robustness has been validated by performance evaluation testing.
{"title":"Tree Architecture & Blockchain Integration: An off-the-shelf Experimental Approach","authors":"Dimitrios Varveris, Athanasios Styliadis, Panteleimon Xofis, Levente Dimen","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.91","url":null,"abstract":"Temporally sensitive tree modeling and urban park spatially explicit simulation offer advantages to large-scale landscape planning and design, especially in the context of smart applications for virtual parks and forests, while Blockchain technology provides collaborative engineering, data integrity, and information confidence. A proof-of-concept 2.5D tree architecture and Blockchain integration technique (distributed Internet-of-Trees images, “IoTr-images”) was presented as a low-cost metaverse case study that affects the forest monitoring and digital landscape architecture design infrastructures. At the core of the proposed feature-based parametric modeling methodology is a 2.5D tree CAD model composed of two perpendicular 2D tree frames on which recorded tree texture has been assigned. A “Batch command-line programming” technique has been implemented, as a user-defined routine at the top of a commercial CAD platform, to describe the proposed off-the-self method and to create tangible tree-image NFT tokens (Internet-of-Trees-images Blockchain). As important findings were recorded, the add-in planning intelligence, the superior data integrity, and confidence, the offline relaxed error-free CAD design, and the superiority in terms of time and cost compared to traditional 3D tree modeling methods (laser scanning, close-range photogrammetry, etc.); as well as the satisfactory tree modeling accuracy for smart forest monitoring and landscape architecture applications. The proposed 2.5D parametric tree model added new value to the CAD-Blockchain integration industry because a plain “Blockchain/Merkle hash tree” tracks tree geometry growth and texture change temporarily with simple parametric transactions (i.e. controlled hash tree magnification/scaling). So, metaverse functionality (decentralized, autonomous, coordinated, and parallel design; same-data sharing; data validation), modification and redesign ability, and planning intelligence are effectively supported by the proposed technique. Main contributions are regarded as the ability for smart forest distributed surveillance and collaborative parallel landscape architecture design, open-source Web-based educational simulations, as well as the potential for off-the-shelf contractual collaborative frameworks (smart contracts between designers and clients). Stratification based on forest types improved above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation, especially when AGB was greater than 500 Mg/ha, using the proposed “IoTr-images” technique. So, this research provides new insight into AGB modeling and monitoring. Finally, the proposed method’s robustness has been validated by performance evaluation testing.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.93
Bengkel Ginting, Tuti Atika, Februati Trimurni
In Karo District, migrants who work as agricultural laborers have more excellent job opportunities and business opportunities; however, judging from their income conditions, housing conditions, and ability to send their children to school, they are still classified as poor. The existence of Migrants who work as agricultural laborers face problems and challenges in changing the industrial landscape after COVID-19. The marginalization of Farm Workers in Berastagi City is due to the narrower working area. Many landowners sell them to agro-investors or develop them in a renewable way using technology that replaces labor. Hard work in it. This article uses qualitative research, a research process, and an understanding based on a methodology investigating social phenomena and human problems. Research on the study of migrant workers is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of their economic, social, and cultural contributions, as well as the challenges they face. This knowledge can inform evidence-based policies, promote social justice, improve healthcare access, and foster inclusive societies that benefit both migrant workers and their host countries. This article comprehensively reveals the facts in the Berastagi City, Karo Regency field, which is dominated by agricultural landscapes of vegetables, fruits, and plantations. Three things cause the marginalization of migrant farm workers in the Berastagi District, namely lack of skills, lack of education, and age which are classified as elderly. However, the thing that is most affected is the lack of land to be creative or adapt to changes in the agricultural and industrial landscape.
{"title":"The Existence of Migrants as Farm Workers in The Shift in The Post- Covid-19 Industrial Landscape in Berastagi Sub-District, Karo Regency","authors":"Bengkel Ginting, Tuti Atika, Februati Trimurni","doi":"10.37394/232015.2023.19.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.93","url":null,"abstract":"In Karo District, migrants who work as agricultural laborers have more excellent job opportunities and business opportunities; however, judging from their income conditions, housing conditions, and ability to send their children to school, they are still classified as poor. The existence of Migrants who work as agricultural laborers face problems and challenges in changing the industrial landscape after COVID-19. The marginalization of Farm Workers in Berastagi City is due to the narrower working area. Many landowners sell them to agro-investors or develop them in a renewable way using technology that replaces labor. Hard work in it. This article uses qualitative research, a research process, and an understanding based on a methodology investigating social phenomena and human problems. Research on the study of migrant workers is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of their economic, social, and cultural contributions, as well as the challenges they face. This knowledge can inform evidence-based policies, promote social justice, improve healthcare access, and foster inclusive societies that benefit both migrant workers and their host countries. This article comprehensively reveals the facts in the Berastagi City, Karo Regency field, which is dominated by agricultural landscapes of vegetables, fruits, and plantations. Three things cause the marginalization of migrant farm workers in the Berastagi District, namely lack of skills, lack of education, and age which are classified as elderly. However, the thing that is most affected is the lack of land to be creative or adapt to changes in the agricultural and industrial landscape.","PeriodicalId":53713,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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