One of the impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 is the state legal system. Legal system in a broad sense consists of legislation, the state’s legal personnel (executive) and the judicial system. A part of the judicial system is a private settlement of dispute by arbitration. Arbitration is subject to the arbitration law. The COVID-19 has forced the closure of the arbitration proceedings. This is a problem for arbitration. This article tried to analyse the possible solution to the closure of the proceedings. This article used the normative method by analysing the existing arbitration law and arbitration rules. This article argued, although arbitration may not be able to be commenced amid pandemic, that future arbitration law (and amendment of existing arbitration law) should foresee feasible events with a smaller ”pandemic”, i.e., epidemic and other force-majeure related events. This article recommended firstly, the introduction of provision(s), which recognizes virtual arbitration. Secondly, changes of some procedural issues in the arbitration proceedi ngs.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON LEGAL SYSTEM: IMPACT ON ARBITRATION LAW","authors":"H. Adolf","doi":"10.33331/ILJ.V13I2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33331/ILJ.V13I2.28","url":null,"abstract":"One of the impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 is the state legal system. Legal system in a broad sense consists of legislation, the state’s legal personnel (executive) and the judicial system. A part of the judicial system is a private settlement of dispute by arbitration. Arbitration is subject to the arbitration law. The COVID-19 has forced the closure of the arbitration proceedings. This is a problem for arbitration. This article tried to analyse the possible solution to the closure of the proceedings. This article used the normative method by analysing the existing arbitration law and arbitration rules. This article argued, although arbitration may not be able to be commenced amid pandemic, that future arbitration law (and amendment of existing arbitration law) should foresee feasible events with a smaller ”pandemic”, i.e., epidemic and other force-majeure related events. This article recommended firstly, the introduction of provision(s), which recognizes virtual arbitration. Secondly, changes of some procedural issues in the arbitration proceedi ngs.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86211487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In early 2020, countries in the world was shocked by a new virus called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) including Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic gives impact to the legal system, including intellectual property (IP). Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) flexibilities on public health in developing countries: Transition Periods, Compulsory License, Government Use, Parallel Imports, Exceptions to Patent Rights, Exemptions from Patentability, Limits on Data Protection, and Implementation of the Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration. Research problems: (1) what are the conditions for implementing the flexibilities of TRIPS in facing COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and (2) what are the issues that should be anticipated for future IP legal system relating to public health as a lesson from this COVID-19 Pandemic. Government Use is most effective to be used for encounter COVID-19 Pandemic, and voluntary license is recommended tobe promoted for future approach. The study is using a qualitative literature study.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LEGAL SYSTEM RELATED TO PUBLIC HEALTH IN CONNECTION WITH TRIPS FLEXIBILITIES IN INDONESIA","authors":"Andrieansjah Andrieansjah","doi":"10.33331/ILJ.V13I2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33331/ILJ.V13I2.31","url":null,"abstract":"In early 2020, countries in the world was shocked by a new virus called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) including Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic gives impact to the legal system, including intellectual property (IP). Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) flexibilities on public health in developing countries: Transition Periods, Compulsory License, Government Use, Parallel Imports, Exceptions to Patent Rights, Exemptions from Patentability, Limits on Data Protection, and Implementation of the Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration. Research problems: (1) what are the conditions for implementing the flexibilities of TRIPS in facing COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and (2) what are the issues that should be anticipated for future IP legal system relating to public health as a lesson from this COVID-19 Pandemic. Government Use is most effective to be used for encounter COVID-19 Pandemic, and voluntary license is recommended tobe promoted for future approach. The study is using a qualitative literature study.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83226316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 not only affects human health but also spreads to business sectors in Indonesia. The government has issued several regulations in response to COVID-19, for instance, companies are required to operate at a minimum operation level. Furthermore, due to COVID-19 and government requirements, numerous performances in agreement are either delayed or cancelled. Given the above, the issue of COVID-19 as a force majeure is also increasingly discussed. However, before declaring COVID-19 as a force majeure, the parties should consider the governing law of the agreement, the conditions, and the clause of force majeure in the agreement. Recently, the Bengkulu District Court also made a decision on the Case No. 3/Pdt.G.S./2020 in which the defendant argued that its performance could not be held due to COVID-19. Hence, this study will discuss the concept of force majeure under Indonesian law and whether COVID-19 fulfil this concept.
{"title":"CAN COVID-19 BE CONSTRUED AS A FORCE MAJEURE IN THE AGREEMENT?","authors":"Deborah Serepinauli, D. Evan","doi":"10.33331/ILJ.V13I2.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33331/ILJ.V13I2.30","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 not only affects human health but also spreads to business sectors in Indonesia. The government has issued several regulations in response to COVID-19, for instance, companies are required to operate at a minimum operation level. Furthermore, due to COVID-19 and government requirements, numerous performances in agreement are either delayed or cancelled. Given the above, the issue of COVID-19 as a force majeure is also increasingly discussed. However, before declaring COVID-19 as a force majeure, the parties should consider the governing law of the agreement, the conditions, and the clause of force majeure in the agreement. Recently, the Bengkulu District Court also made a decision on the Case No. 3/Pdt.G.S./2020 in which the defendant argued that its performance could not be held due to COVID-19. Hence, this study will discuss the concept of force majeure under Indonesian law and whether COVID-19 fulfil this concept.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74926387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Refly Setiawan, Mohamad Fikri Sulthan, A. Abdurrahman
AbstractGovernment policy is a step taken by the government to achieve a goal. The main objective of the policy of the Republic of Tatarstan is to provide the conditions for the full social and cultural development of the whole society, to strengthen civil society and society's morals on the basis of respect for the rights of citizens and their recognition as the highest value. This study aims to explain how government policies are related to public services and to find out how the government of the Republic of Tatarstan provides the best services for the welfare of the people. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The results of this study explain that the government has taken the right policy steps in providing services to the community, namely by providing fast, responsive, optimal, fair, transparent service and utilizing technological advances for the welfare of the people in the Republic of Tatarstan.Keywords: Government Policy, Public Service, Republic of Tatarstan AbstrakKebijakan pemerintah merupakan suatu langkah yang diambil oleh pemerintah untuk tercapainya suatu tujuan. Tujuan utama dari kebijakan Republik Tatarstan adalah untuk menyediakan kondisi bagi perkembangan sosial dan budaya-budaya penuh seluruh masyarakat, untuk memperkuat masyarakat sipil dan moral masyarakat atas dasar penghormatan pada hak-hak yang di miliki warga negara serta pengakuannya sebagai nilai tertinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Kebijakan pemerintah terkait dengan pelayanan publik dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemerintah dalam memberikan pelayanan bagi kesejahteraan seluruh masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pemerintah Republik Tatarstan telah mengambil langkah kebijakan yang tepat dalam pelayanan kepada masyarakat yaitu dengan pelayanan yang cepat, tanggap, optimal, adil, transparan, dan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi demi kesejahteraan masyarakat di Republik Tatarstan.Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Pemerintah, Pelayanan Publik, Republik Tatarstan АннотацияПравительственная политика - это шаг, сделанный правительством для достижения цели. Основная цель политики Республики Татарстан - обеспечение условий для полноценного социального и культурного развития всего общества, укрепление гражданского общества и нравственности общества на основе уважения прав граждан и признания их высшее значение. Это исследование призвано объяснить, как политика правительства связана с государственными услугами, и выяснить, как правительство Республики Татарстан предоставляет лучшие услуги для благосостояния людей. В этом исследовании используются качественные методы исследования с описательным подходом. Результаты этого исследования объясняют, что правительство предприняло правильные политические шаги по предоставлению услуг населению, а именно путем предоставления быстрых, оперативных, оптимальных, справедливых и прозрачн
摘要政府政策是政府为达到某一目标而采取的措施。鞑靼斯坦共和国政策的主要目标是为整个社会的充分社会和文化发展创造条件，在尊重公民权利和承认公民权利是最高价值的基础上加强公民社会和社会道德。本研究旨在解释政府政策如何与公共服务相关，并找出鞑靼斯坦共和国政府如何为人民的福利提供最佳服务。本研究采用定性研究方法和描述性研究方法。本研究的结果解释了政府在向社区提供服务方面采取了正确的政策步骤，即通过提供快速、反应灵敏、最佳、公平、透明的服务，并利用技术进步为鞑靼斯坦共和国人民的福利服务。关键词:政府政策;公共服务;鞑靼斯坦共和国塔吉克斯坦共和国，鞑靼斯坦，adalah untuk menyediakan kondisi bagi perkembangan社会dan budaya-budaya penuh seluruh masyarakat, untuk成员，masyarakat, sipil和moral, masyarakat, dasar penghormatan, phak -hak yang, miliki warga negara serta pengakuanya sebagai nilai tertinggi。Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Kebijakan pemerintah terkakaan dantuk mengetahui bagaimana pemerintah dalam成员，pelayanan baki kesjahteraan seluruh masyarakat。Penelitian是指蒙古纳坎方法Penelitian的定性。Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa peremerintah republic鞑靼斯坦telah mengbill langkah kebijakan yang tepat dalam pelayanan kepada masyarakat yitu dengan pelayanan yang cepat, tanggap, optimal, adil，透明，dan menanfaatkan kemarjuan tecknologi demi kesejahteraan masyarakat di republic鞑靼斯坦。型Kunci: Kebijakan Pemerintah, Pelayanan Publik,鞑靼斯坦共和国АннотацияПравительственнаяполитика-этошаг,сделанныйправительствомдлядостиженияцели。ОсновнаяцельполитикиРеспубликиТатарстан——обеспечениеусловийдляполноценногосоциальногоикультурногоразвитиявсегообщества,укреплениегражданскогообществаинравственностиобществанаосновеуваженияправгражданипризнанияихвысшеезначение。Этоисследованиепризванообъяснить,какполитикаправительствасвязанасгосударственнымиуслугами,ивыяснить,какправительствоРеспубликиТатарстанпредоставляетлучшиеуслугидляблагосостояниялюдей。Вэтомисследованиииспользуютсякачественныеметодыисследованиясописательнымподходом。Результатыэтогоисследованияобъясняют,чтоправительствопредпринялоправильныеполитическиешагипопредоставлениюуслугнаселению,аименнопутемпредоставлениябыстрых,оперативных,оптимальных,справедливыхипрозрачныхуслугииспользованиятехнологическихдостиженийнаблаголюдейвРеспубликеТатарстан。Ключевыеслова:государственнаяполитика,государственнаяслужба,РеспубликаТатарстан
{"title":"Government Policy in Public Services in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia","authors":"Refly Setiawan, Mohamad Fikri Sulthan, A. Abdurrahman","doi":"10.15408/jch.v8i3.17950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i3.17950","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractGovernment policy is a step taken by the government to achieve a goal. The main objective of the policy of the Republic of Tatarstan is to provide the conditions for the full social and cultural development of the whole society, to strengthen civil society and society's morals on the basis of respect for the rights of citizens and their recognition as the highest value. This study aims to explain how government policies are related to public services and to find out how the government of the Republic of Tatarstan provides the best services for the welfare of the people. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The results of this study explain that the government has taken the right policy steps in providing services to the community, namely by providing fast, responsive, optimal, fair, transparent service and utilizing technological advances for the welfare of the people in the Republic of Tatarstan.Keywords: Government Policy, Public Service, Republic of Tatarstan AbstrakKebijakan pemerintah merupakan suatu langkah yang diambil oleh pemerintah untuk tercapainya suatu tujuan. Tujuan utama dari kebijakan Republik Tatarstan adalah untuk menyediakan kondisi bagi perkembangan sosial dan budaya-budaya penuh seluruh masyarakat, untuk memperkuat masyarakat sipil dan moral masyarakat atas dasar penghormatan pada hak-hak yang di miliki warga negara serta pengakuannya sebagai nilai tertinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Kebijakan pemerintah terkait dengan pelayanan publik dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemerintah dalam memberikan pelayanan bagi kesejahteraan seluruh masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pemerintah Republik Tatarstan telah mengambil langkah kebijakan yang tepat dalam pelayanan kepada masyarakat yaitu dengan pelayanan yang cepat, tanggap, optimal, adil, transparan, dan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi demi kesejahteraan masyarakat di Republik Tatarstan.Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Pemerintah, Pelayanan Publik, Republik Tatarstan АннотацияПравительственная политика - это шаг, сделанный правительством для достижения цели. Основная цель политики Республики Татарстан - обеспечение условий для полноценного социального и культурного развития всего общества, укрепление гражданского общества и нравственности общества на основе уважения прав граждан и признания их высшее значение. Это исследование призвано объяснить, как политика правительства связана с государственными услугами, и выяснить, как правительство Республики Татарстан предоставляет лучшие услуги для благосостояния людей. В этом исследовании используются качественные методы исследования с описательным подходом. Результаты этого исследования объясняют, что правительство предприняло правильные политические шаги по предоставлению услуг населению, а именно путем предоставления быстрых, оперативных, оптимальных, справедливых и прозрачн","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44855623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Violence against women is a common phenomenon and its widespread dimensions cause many personal and social losses to husband and wife, family and society. This research was conducted using the library method which aims to investigate violence against women in Iranian society with a criminological approach. Many women have traditionally been subjected to violence or do not realize that it is an act of violence, because the law does not criminalize it and has the support of adat and religion to legitimize it. This study discusses the types of domestic violence and examples that occur against women and most of them may not even be considered violence. In addition, criminal regulations and laws are also ineffective, and they even exacerbate violence against women. The results suggest that legal weaknesses need to be addressed and eliminated, and that governments should be encouraged to comply with laws and change laws that are not appropriate. At the lower level, violence against women must be resolved socially by helping to grow women's NGOs, and thereby increasing women's awareness of their rights to violence.
{"title":"Criminological Study of Domestic Violence in Iran","authors":"Rashin Ziya, Ahmad Ahmadi","doi":"10.15408/jch.v8i3.18420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i3.18420","url":null,"abstract":"Violence against women is a common phenomenon and its widespread dimensions cause many personal and social losses to husband and wife, family and society. This research was conducted using the library method which aims to investigate violence against women in Iranian society with a criminological approach. Many women have traditionally been subjected to violence or do not realize that it is an act of violence, because the law does not criminalize it and has the support of adat and religion to legitimize it. This study discusses the types of domestic violence and examples that occur against women and most of them may not even be considered violence. In addition, criminal regulations and laws are also ineffective, and they even exacerbate violence against women. The results suggest that legal weaknesses need to be addressed and eliminated, and that governments should be encouraged to comply with laws and change laws that are not appropriate. At the lower level, violence against women must be resolved socially by helping to grow women's NGOs, and thereby increasing women's awareness of their rights to violence.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44198498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olha Haran, Nadiia Maksimentseva, Nadiia Кhrystynchenko, V. Povydysh
The purpose of the article is to study the foreign science of administrative law and to determine certain areas of its adaptation in Ukraine. To achieve this purpose, we have used such methods of scientific cognition as dialectical, historical, formal and logical, system, and structural. The authors of the article have studied the content and specific features of foreign administrative and legal science, as well as have suggested possible ways to implement it into the scientific and legal system of Ukraine. It has been stated that the effective development of the national system of public administration is impossible without the quality functioning of science, which deals with studying forms and methods of administration, and an effective management system is essential for the success of any country. It has been noted that to achieve high results in the work of state agencies, their staff must be well educated on the use of optimal forms and methods of administration activity. Professionals who represent the state or local self-governments while performing their professional duties must have all the necessary skills (means) to achieve the tactical and strategic objectives set before them. The leadership of such agencies must be able to think globally and be able to set specific and objective tasks, as well as to provide the most effective means for their implementation. The historical aspects of the formation and development of administrative and legal science as a key element of the administrative system in different countries have been studied.
{"title":"Foreign Science of Administrative Law and Possible Areas of Its Adaptation in Ukraine","authors":"Olha Haran, Nadiia Maksimentseva, Nadiia Кhrystynchenko, V. Povydysh","doi":"10.15408/jch.v8i3.18301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i3.18301","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to study the foreign science of administrative law and to determine certain areas of its adaptation in Ukraine. To achieve this purpose, we have used such methods of scientific cognition as dialectical, historical, formal and logical, system, and structural. The authors of the article have studied the content and specific features of foreign administrative and legal science, as well as have suggested possible ways to implement it into the scientific and legal system of Ukraine. It has been stated that the effective development of the national system of public administration is impossible without the quality functioning of science, which deals with studying forms and methods of administration, and an effective management system is essential for the success of any country. It has been noted that to achieve high results in the work of state agencies, their staff must be well educated on the use of optimal forms and methods of administration activity. Professionals who represent the state or local self-governments while performing their professional duties must have all the necessary skills (means) to achieve the tactical and strategic objectives set before them. The leadership of such agencies must be able to think globally and be able to set specific and objective tasks, as well as to provide the most effective means for their implementation. The historical aspects of the formation and development of administrative and legal science as a key element of the administrative system in different countries have been studied.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49245596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In absence of any global treaty, the bilateral investment treaties (BITs) are playing an important role in regulating foreign investments in the host countries. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, there are 2361 BITs in force and like other members of the World Trade Organization, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and the USA also signed BITs to facilitate trade. The primary purpose of economic globalization is the economic development of the developing and least-developed countries as well as to facilitate the benefits of the home states. Bangladesh and Malaysia foreign investment laws have no specific provision of protecting the environment and fails to maintain high standard like USA environment laws. This paper addresses two questions: (a) do the bilateral investment treaties of Bangladesh, Malaysia, and USA have any specific provisions to protect the environment in the host country? (b) should environmental protection be considered during the entry of foreign investments in Bangladesh, Malaysia, and USA? Using the doctrinal research method, we critically analyzed 40 BITs signed by Bangladesh, Malaysia, and USA with different countries to explore whether there is any specific reference to protecting the environment. We find that the existing BITs mainly have provisions to promote and protect foreign investments, and 7 out of 40 BITs have a specific reference to protecting the environment. Therefore, governments should consider this important factor to insert while signing any future BITs.
{"title":"Environmental Protection and BITs of Bangladesh, Malaysia and USA: A Comparison","authors":"Mohammad Belayet Hossain","doi":"10.15408/jch.v8i3.17801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i3.17801","url":null,"abstract":"In absence of any global treaty, the bilateral investment treaties (BITs) are playing an important role in regulating foreign investments in the host countries. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, there are 2361 BITs in force and like other members of the World Trade Organization, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and the USA also signed BITs to facilitate trade. The primary purpose of economic globalization is the economic development of the developing and least-developed countries as well as to facilitate the benefits of the home states. Bangladesh and Malaysia foreign investment laws have no specific provision of protecting the environment and fails to maintain high standard like USA environment laws. This paper addresses two questions: (a) do the bilateral investment treaties of Bangladesh, Malaysia, and USA have any specific provisions to protect the environment in the host country? (b) should environmental protection be considered during the entry of foreign investments in Bangladesh, Malaysia, and USA? Using the doctrinal research method, we critically analyzed 40 BITs signed by Bangladesh, Malaysia, and USA with different countries to explore whether there is any specific reference to protecting the environment. We find that the existing BITs mainly have provisions to promote and protect foreign investments, and 7 out of 40 BITs have a specific reference to protecting the environment. Therefore, governments should consider this important factor to insert while signing any future BITs.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47157496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the need for an effective preventive model in preventing the smuggling of marijuana in the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea land border area in Muara Tami District, Jayapura Papua. The model applied so far is an outward-looking model where this model implements an integrated cross-border inspection, supervision, and security. The unstructured interview approach and the Delphi method were used in this study so that accurate data was obtained that in practice, the current model used still did not look professional and integrated, namely between cross-border service officers, Police and defense, Ondoaffi. Traditional leaders, religious leaders, and border communities in the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea region. Besides, the integration between Ministries/Institutions related to programs and budgets to prevent marijuana smuggling in the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border area in Muara Tami District, Jayapura City, Papua Province is also still weak. The reason people who choose to smuggle marijuana is because they do not feel guilty and think that it is a profitable job with a strong social network, the behavior that neutralizes themselves that carrying marijuana is not a crime. Besides, the existence of problems such as geographic, demographic, and disturbance from armed crime groups (OPM) that have not received serious action are also factors related to the above problems. Based on this background, this dissertation provides a strategic step, contained several policy recommendations that can strengthen this model so that it is expected to be maximized and more efficient than the previous model.
{"title":"The Integrated Prevention Model for Marijuana Smuggling in Land Border Region of Indonesia-Papua Nugini (Case: Muara Tami District, Jayapura City, Papua Province)","authors":"Heni Batara Maya, M. Dermawan, Vinitia Susanti","doi":"10.15408/jch.v8i3.18421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i3.18421","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the need for an effective preventive model in preventing the smuggling of marijuana in the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea land border area in Muara Tami District, Jayapura Papua. The model applied so far is an outward-looking model where this model implements an integrated cross-border inspection, supervision, and security. The unstructured interview approach and the Delphi method were used in this study so that accurate data was obtained that in practice, the current model used still did not look professional and integrated, namely between cross-border service officers, Police and defense, Ondoaffi. Traditional leaders, religious leaders, and border communities in the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea region. Besides, the integration between Ministries/Institutions related to programs and budgets to prevent marijuana smuggling in the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border area in Muara Tami District, Jayapura City, Papua Province is also still weak. The reason people who choose to smuggle marijuana is because they do not feel guilty and think that it is a profitable job with a strong social network, the behavior that neutralizes themselves that carrying marijuana is not a crime. Besides, the existence of problems such as geographic, demographic, and disturbance from armed crime groups (OPM) that have not received serious action are also factors related to the above problems. Based on this background, this dissertation provides a strategic step, contained several policy recommendations that can strengthen this model so that it is expected to be maximized and more efficient than the previous model.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46459419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tsybulnyk, I. I. Zadoia, I. Kurbatova, Volodymyrovych Povydysh
The purpose of the article is to determine the nature, content, and characteristic features of e-government, as well as to analyze its impact on the implementation of public administration. While writing the article the following methods were used: logical, semantic, method of documentary analysis, and comparative legal. Specific features of modern models of e-government in the world have been analyzed; the expediency of introduction of the optimal model of the specified kind of government into the state system of Ukraine has been researched. The influence of modern high-tech means of egovernment on the existing public administration systems in the world has been studied. The author has suggested their definitions of «e-government», «public administration» and «e-governance». Authors have defined the perspective directions of the development of this sphere, which need to be developed to improve the general situation in the field of public administration. A comparative analysis was carried out with the leading countries in this field. Particular attention has been paid to the successful experience of developed foreign countries in organizing the process of e-government as a perspective form of public administration.
{"title":"E-government within Public Administration.","authors":"N. Tsybulnyk, I. I. Zadoia, I. Kurbatova, Volodymyrovych Povydysh","doi":"10.15408/jch.v8i3.18300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i3.18300","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to determine the nature, content, and characteristic features of e-government, as well as to analyze its impact on the implementation of public administration. While writing the article the following methods were used: logical, semantic, method of documentary analysis, and comparative legal. Specific features of modern models of e-government in the world have been analyzed; the expediency of introduction of the optimal model of the specified kind of government into the state system of Ukraine has been researched. The influence of modern high-tech means of egovernment on the existing public administration systems in the world has been studied. The author has suggested their definitions of «e-government», «public administration» and «e-governance». Authors have defined the perspective directions of the development of this sphere, which need to be developed to improve the general situation in the field of public administration. A comparative analysis was carried out with the leading countries in this field. Particular attention has been paid to the successful experience of developed foreign countries in organizing the process of e-government as a perspective form of public administration.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44619287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia has not had good land affairs administration management yet at Village Government Level. Land conflict or dispute derives from village’s very limited, manual, and outdated data. Data at village level still refers to data inherited from East Indie government time. The data available cannot meet the modern need today. Relatively inadequate human resource at village level and low awareness of land affair administration discipline within society make the change of prior data supply difficult. This research will study the utilization of village web in providing prior evidence of land registration and the juridical construction of web-based land affairs administration management to the organization of village government. The normative juridical research method with statute and conceptual approaches was used to address the problem of research. The result of research showed that the data of land affairs presented by village web can be the prior evidence as governed in Government Regulation about Land Registration and the provision without changing the source of evidence that can be either written evidence or testimony. The juridical construction of village web-based land affairs administration management derived from Village Law, Archive Law, and Information and Electronic Transaction Law. Village government can present the web-based land affairs data and make it electronic evidence.
{"title":"The Policy of Village Web-Based Land Affairs Administration Management as Prior Evidence in Land Registration in Indonesia","authors":"Rina Yulianti, Mufarrijul Ikhwan","doi":"10.15408/jch.v8i3.17253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i3.17253","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has not had good land affairs administration management yet at Village Government Level. Land conflict or dispute derives from village’s very limited, manual, and outdated data. Data at village level still refers to data inherited from East Indie government time. The data available cannot meet the modern need today. Relatively inadequate human resource at village level and low awareness of land affair administration discipline within society make the change of prior data supply difficult. This research will study the utilization of village web in providing prior evidence of land registration and the juridical construction of web-based land affairs administration management to the organization of village government. The normative juridical research method with statute and conceptual approaches was used to address the problem of research. The result of research showed that the data of land affairs presented by village web can be the prior evidence as governed in Government Regulation about Land Registration and the provision without changing the source of evidence that can be either written evidence or testimony. The juridical construction of village web-based land affairs administration management derived from Village Law, Archive Law, and Information and Electronic Transaction Law. Village government can present the web-based land affairs data and make it electronic evidence.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45186562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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