Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.25747
Aminudin Yakub, Fitriyani Zein
The enactment of Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance (JPH) changed the implementation of Halal Certification in Indonesia where halal certification which had been carried out by MUI for 30 years (since 1989) changed to the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH) of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. With this provision, a new era in the administration of Halal Product Guarantee by the government begins. This research uses qualitative research with juridical-normative and comparative approach. The author makes a comparison with Thailand and Malaysia. The results of the study state that the implementation of halal certification in Malaysia is carried out entirely by a state institution called JAKIM, while in Thailand it is carried out by non-governmental organizations (NGOs).Keywords: Halal Product Certification; Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs); Ratio Sertifikasi Halal Melalui Pemerintah dan Organisasi Non-Pemerintah: Analisis Perbandingan Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Thailand Abstrak:Lahirnya Undang-undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (JPH) mengubah pelaksanaan Sertifikasi Halal di Indonesia dimana sertifikasi halal yang telah dijalankan MUI selama 30 tahun (sejak 1989) berubah ke Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH) Kementerian Agama RI. Dengan ketentuan ini maka dimulai era baru penyelenggaraan Jaminan Produk Halal oleh pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis-normative dan perbandingan. Penulis melakukan perbandingan dengan negara Thailand dan Malaysia. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pelaksanaan sertifikasi halal di Malaysia dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh lembaga negara yang bernama JAKIM, sedangkan di Thailand dilakukan oleh lembaga non pemerintah (NGO).Kata Kunci: Sertifikasi Produk Halal; Organisisasi Non Pemerintah (NGO); Perbandingan
2014年颁布的关于清真产品保证(JPH)的第33号法律改变了印度尼西亚清真认证的实施，其中由MUI进行的30年(自1989年以来)的清真认证改为印度尼西亚共和国宗教部的清真产品保证组织机构(BPJPH)。有了这一规定，政府管理清真产品保证的新时代开始了。本研究采用定性研究与司法规范和比较的方法。作者与泰国和马来西亚进行了比较。研究结果表明，马来西亚清真认证的实施完全由一个名为JAKIM的国家机构执行，而在泰国则由非政府组织(ngo)执行。关键词:清真产品认证;非政府组织;摘要:Lahirnya Undang-undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentanjaminan产品清真(JPH) mengubah pelaksanaan Sertifikasi Halal di Indonesia dimana Sertifikasi Halal yang telah dijalankan MUI selama 30 Tahun (sejak 1989) berubah ke Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan产品清真(BPJPH) Kementerian Agama RI。登干ketentuan ini maka dimulai era baru penyelinggaraan Jaminan产品清真Halal oleh peremintah。Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian qualititf dengan pendekatan yuridis-normative dan perbandingan。Penulis melakukan perbandingan dengan negara泰国和马来西亚。Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pelaksanaan sertifikasi halal di Malaysia dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh lembaga negara yang bernama JAKIM, sedangkan di Thailand dilakukan oleh lembaga non permerintah(非政府组织)。Kata Kunci:清真产品;非政府组织(Organisisasi Non Pemerintah);Perbandingan
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Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.24156
N. Hidayah, K. Komariah, F. Esfandiari, A. Jaelani
Covid-19 has interrupted the fulfillment of Indonesian migrant workers’ rights, while the State has promulgated Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and revised Law Number 18/2017 concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. This research aims to find out how protection and law reinforcement are given to Indonesian migrant workers by the state during the pandemic according to Law Number 18/2017 in conjunction with Law Number 11/2020. This research employed a normative method and a statutory approach. The research results have revealed that according to Law Number 18/2017, the protection given to the migrants only took repatriation, and another form of protection is still deemed to be not optimal since it did not take the engagement of roles of the companies sending Indonesian migrants. Moreover, pursuant to Law Number 11/2020, there is no reinforcement implied since the changes taking place are likely to ease administrative measures, contrary to the fact that strict permits could reduce the likelihood of illegal and non-procedural placement of migrant workers. This issue affects the fulfillment of the rights of Indonesian migrant workers, especially during the pandemic. Thus, it is essential that the state reinforce the protection given to Indonesian migrant workers during the pandemic by reinforcing legal protection every company providing labor placement service has to take into account and by imposing administrative measures as sanctions or sentencing in case of failing to abide by regulations. Moreover, permit issuance to the companies running labor placement services for Indonesian migrants has to be made stricter to ensure that only credible companies pass the requirement of migrant placement services, allowing the status of the rights of Indonesian migrant workers to be properly met amidst the pandemic. Keywords: legal protection; Indonesian migrant workers; COVID-19 Perlindungan Hukum Buruh Migran Indonesia yang Terdampak Covid-19 AbstrakCovid-19 telah mengganggu pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja migran Indonesia, sedangkan negara telah menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dan merevisi Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan dan penguatan hukum yang diberikan negara kepada pekerja migran Indonesia di masa pandemi menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 18/2017 jo Undang-Undang Nomor 11/2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 perlindungan yang diberikan kepada TKI hanya berupa pemulangan, dan bentuk perlindungan lainnya masih dirasa belum optimal karena tidak melibatkan peran perusahaan pengirim TKI. Apalagi, menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 11/2020, tidak ada penguatan yang tersirat karena perubahan yang terjadi cenderung memudahkan tindakan administratif, padahal izin yang ketat dapat mengurang
新冠肺炎疫情中断了印度尼西亚移徙工人权利的实现，而国家颁布了关于创造就业的2020年第11号法律，并修订了关于保护印度尼西亚移徙工人的2017年第18号法律。本研究旨在了解国家如何根据第18/2017号法律和第11/2020号法律，在疫情期间为印尼移民工人提供保护和法律加强。本研究采用了规范性研究方法和法定研究方法。研究结果显示，根据第18/2017号法律，对移民的保护只采取遣返，而另一种形式的保护仍然被认为不是最佳的，因为它没有采取派遣印度尼西亚移民的公司的角色参与。此外，根据第11/2020号法律，没有暗示加强，因为正在发生的变化可能会减轻行政措施，相反，严格的许可证可以减少非法和非程序性安置移徙工人的可能性。这一问题影响到印度尼西亚移徙工人权利的实现，特别是在大流行病期间。因此，国家必须在疫情期间加强对印尼移徙工人的保护，加强提供劳动安置服务的每个公司必须考虑的法律保护，并在不遵守规定的情况下采取行政措施，如制裁或判刑。此外，必须更加严格地向为印度尼西亚移徙者提供劳务安置服务的公司发放许可证，以确保只有可靠的公司才能通过移徙者安置服务的要求，从而使印度尼西亚移徙工人的权利地位在大流行病期间得到适当满足。关键词:法律保护;印度尼西亚移徙工人;2019冠状病毒肺炎(2019冠状病毒肺炎)印度尼西亚，sedangkan negara telah menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dan merevisi Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia。Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan dan企鹅hukum yang diberikan negara kepada pekerja migran印度尼西亚di masa流行病menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 18/2017 jo Undang-Undang Nomor 11/2020。Penelitian ini menggunakan方法normnormate dan pendekatan perundang-undangan。11月18日，2017年12月18日，泰国首都曼谷，泰国首都曼谷，泰国首都曼谷，泰国首都曼谷，泰国首都曼谷，泰国曼谷。Apalagi, mennuut Undang-Undang Nomor 11/2020, padahal izin yang ketat dapat mengurangi kemungkinan penempatan pekerja移民非法和非程序。Isu ini berdampak pada pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja移民印度尼西亚，terutama di masa流行病。印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚，印度尼西亚。Selain itu, perberian izin kepada perusahan yang menberian garakan layanan penempatan tenaga kerja TKI harus diperketat agar hanya perusahan yang kredibel yang memenuhi persaratan layanan penempatan tenaga kerja, sehinga status hak-hak TKI dapat terpenuhi denan baik di tengah流行病。Kata Kunci: perlindungan hukum;印度尼西亚的pekerja migran;新型冠状病毒肺炎
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Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.24448
M. N. Hosen, A. Wahab, D. Larasati, N. Hidayah, Tira Mutiara
Zakat management in Indonesia is historically developed in civil society. In Law Number 38 of 2011, the state recognizes two official institutions in managing Zakat. While in Law Number 23 of 2011, zakat management is in BAZNAS, an institution formed by the government. There is an unequal position where LAZ is subordinated to BAZNAS. This can be seen in the task of LAZ, which is in charge of assisting BAZNAS in the management of national Zakat. The method used in this research is the descriptive statistical analysis method by distributing questionnaires. This study looks at the perception or views of the community if BAZNAS is the only authority in making arrangements for Zakat. As a result, BAZNAS has not become the only institution that the public can trust in managing national Zakat. People are accustomed to paying Zakat directly to mustahik or amil in the villages, such as paying Zakat to kyai. Distribution and distribution are not yet optimal, so the community prefers to give it themselves. Today's regulation of LAZ was adopted by the Ministry of Religion so that the relationship between BAZNAS and LAZ does not unite, which considers each other to be competitive. The proposal related to strengthening the regulation and management of Zakat by BAZNAS by only opening one coordination door has not been approved by the community because it is considered that the presence of BAZNAS will eliminate LAZ.Keywords: Public Perception, BAZNAS, LAZ Penguatan Fungsi BAZNAS Sebagai Regulator Zakat: Usulan RUU dan Persepsi PublikAbstrakPengelolaan Zakat di Indonesia berdasarkan sejarah berkembang di masyarakat sipil. Dalam UU Nomor 38 tahun 2011, negara mengakui adanya dua lembaga yang resmi dalam melakukan pengelolaan zakat. Sementara di UU Nomor 23 tahun 2011, pengelolaan zakat berada di BAZNAS yang merupakan lembaga bentukan pemerintah sehingga adanya kedudukan yang tidak seimbang, dimana LAZ menjadi subordinasi BAZNAS. Hal ini terlihat pada tugas LAZ yang bertugas untuk mebantu BAZNAS dalam pengelolaan zakat nasional. Penelitian ini melihat bagaimana persepsi atau pendangan masyarakat, apabila BAZNAS menjadi satu-satunya otoritas dalam melakukan pengaturan tentang zakat. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini ialah metode analisis statistik deskriptif dengan penyebaran kuesioner. Hasilnya, BAZNAS belum menjadi satu-satunya lembaga yang dapat dipercaya masyarakat dalam melakukan pengelolaan zakat nasional. Masyarakat terbiasa dengan membayar zakat secara langsung kepada mustahik atau amil di kampung-kampung seperti membayar zakat kepada kyai. Distribusi dan penyaluran yang belum optimal, maka masyarakat lebih memilih sendiri untuk memberikan. Aturan hari ini LAZ dianggap oleh Kemenag, sehingga hubungan BAZNAS da LAZ tidak menyatu yang menganggap saling bersaing. Usulan terkait dengan penguatan regulasi dan pengelolaan zakat oleh BAZNAS dengan hanya membuka satu pintu koordinasi belum disetujui masyarakat, karena dianggap kehadiran BAZNAS akan meniadakan LAZ
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Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.25235
Y. Babaeva, M. Lebedeva, N. Mikhaylenko, Anatoly Olympiev, Andrey Soloviev, N. Eriashvili
The article aims at studying the legal nature and essence of local self-government bodies in the Russian Federation as exemplified by the theoretical and legal comprehension of the historical aspects of forming local self-government bodies. The article uses the methods of induction and systemic scientific analysis, as well as comparative-legal and historical methods. The authors of the article proved that the implementation of the principles of local self-government in the Russian state apparatus became effective since it is based on objective economic, political and social prerequisites and conditions. As a result, all cities and rural settlements became municipalities.Keywords: Local self-government; Constitution; Municipal authority; Municipal structure; Human rights. Badan Pemerintahan Lokal di Rusia: Kebijakan Pembentukan dan Pengembangan AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat hukum dan esensi dari badan-badan Pemerintahan Lokal di Federasi Rusia, sebagaimana yang dicontohkan oleh pemahaman teoretis dan hukum dari aspek-aspek sejarah pembentukan badan-badan pemerintahan lokal sendiri. Artikel ini menggunakan metode induksi dan analisis ilmiah sistemik, serta metode komparatif-hukum dan historis. Penulis artikel membuktikan bahwa penerapan prinsip-prinsip pemerintahan lokal sendiri di aparatur negara Rusia menjadi efektif karena didasarkan pada prasyarat dan kondisi ekonomi, politik dan sosial yang objektif. Akibatnya, semua kota dan pemukiman pedesaan menjadi kotamadya.Kata Kunci: Pemerintahan Daerah Lokal; Konstitusi; Otoritas Kota; Struktur Kota; Hak Asasi Manusia.Органы местного самоуправления в России: Политика формирования и развития АннотацияСтатья направлена на изучение правовой природы и сущности органов местного самоуправления в Российской Федерации на примере теоретико-правового осмысления исторических аспектов формирования органов местного самоуправления. В статье используются методы индукции и системного научного анализа, а также сравнительно-правовой и исторический методы. Автор статьи доказал, что реализация принципов местного самоуправления в российском государственном аппарате стала эффективной, поскольку основывается на объективных экономических, политических и социальных предпосылках и условиях. В результате все города и сельские поселения стали муниципалитетами.Ключевые слова: Местное самоуправление; Конституция; Муниципальная власть; Муниципальное устройство; Права человека.
本文旨在通过对地方自治机构形成的历史方面的理论和法律理解来研究俄罗斯联邦地方自治机构的法律性质和本质。本文运用了归纳法和系统的科学分析方法，以及比较法和历史法。这篇文章的作者证明，在俄罗斯国家机器中实施地方自治原则是有效的，因为它是基于客观的经济、政治和社会先决条件和条件。因此，所有的城市和农村定居点都变成了自治市。关键词:地方自治;宪法;市政当局;城市结构;人权。这句话的意思是:“我是俄罗斯的联邦官员，我是俄罗斯的联邦官员，我是俄罗斯的联邦官员，我是俄罗斯的联邦官员。Artikel ini mongunakan方法的工业数据分析与系统分析，方法比较-hukum数据历史。乌克兰的外交部长是俄罗斯的外交部长，俄罗斯的外交部长是俄罗斯的外交部长，俄罗斯的外交部长是俄罗斯的外交部长，俄罗斯的外交部长是俄罗斯的外交部长，俄罗斯的外交部长是俄罗斯的经济、政治和社会外交部长。Akibatnya, semua kota dan pemukiman pedesaan menjadi kotamadya。Kata Kunci: Pemerintahan Daerah local;Konstitusi;Otoritas哥打;Struktur哥打;啊哈，啊哈。ОрганыместногосамоуправлениявРоссии:ПолитикаформированияиразвитияАннотацияСтатьянаправленанаизучениеправовойприродыисущностиоргановместногосамоуправлениявРоссийскойФедерациинапримеретеоретико——правовогоосмысленияисторическихаспектовформированияоргановместногосамоуправления。Встатьеиспользуютсяметодыиндукцииисистемногонаучногоанализа,атакжесравнительн——поравовойиисторическийметоды。Авторстатьидоказал,чтореализацияпринциповместногосамоуправлениявроссийскомгосударственномаппаратесталаэффективной,посколькуосновываетсянаобъективныхэкономических,политическихисоциальныхпредпосылкахиусловиях。Врезультатевсегородаисельскиепоселениясталимуниципалитетами。Ключевые слова: Местное самоуправление;Конституция;Муниципальнаявласть;Муниципальноеустройство;Правачеловека。
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Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.25809
Tran Van Nam, N. Quynh, D. Huy, Pham Duc Chung, Tran Vu Nhat Ha
Pricing and valuation may be confusingly interchangeable in various industries from manufacturing to commerce etc.. However, they are in fact different. Pricing can be simply understood as a process whereby the price is set by a seller or by an agreement between a seller and a buyer. On contrary, valuation analysis is normally conducted by experts. So, trademark valuation is a process whereby a trademark value is determined by means of diligent research, unbiased judgment, and some pretty simple arithmetic. In this study, we point out the drawbacks and obstacles in pricing in trademark transfer in our country in comparison with other countries/regions and then we will suggest some measures to improve the regime for pricing in trademark transfer in Vietnam. Authors also present Some Basic Concepts Related to Pricing And Valuation Of Trademark and valuation methods. Authors also use a construction case of LICOGI (general company in construction and infrastructure in Vietnam) as reference for pricing issues. Last but not least, in this study we could resolve some controversial issues in trademark pricing and transfer in various companies from production, manufacturing to construction, real estate and commerce sectors in developing countries such as Vietnam, at least from definitions, concepts and legal framework.Keywords: Intellectual Property Assets; Trademark Pricing Services; Law; Valuation Method; Vietnam Penilaian Merek Dagang Menurut Undang-Undang dan Peraturan di Vietnam Abstrak Penetapan harga dan penilaian mungkin membingungkan dan dapat dipertukarkan di berbagai industri mulai dari manufaktur hingga perdagangan, dll. Namun, sebenarnya keduanya berbeda. Penetapan harga secara sederhana dapat dipahami sebagai proses di mana harga ditetapkan oleh penjual atau dengan kesepakatan antara penjual dan pembeli. Sebaliknya, analisis penilaian biasanya dilakukan oleh para ahli. Jadi, penilaian merek dagang adalah proses di mana nilai merek dagang ditentukan melalui penelitian yang rajin, penilaian yang tidak bias, dan beberapa aritmatika yang cukup sederhana. Dalam studi ini, kami menunjukkan kelemahan dan hambatan dalam penetapan harga dalam transfer merek dagang di negara kami dibandingkan dengan negara/kawasan lain dan kemudian kami akan menyarankan beberapa langkah untuk meningkatkan rezim penetapan harga dalam transfer merek dagang di Vietnam. Penulis juga menyajikan Beberapa Konsep Dasar Terkait Penetapan Harga Dan Penilaian Merek Dagang dan metode penilaian. Penulis juga menggunakan kasus konstruksi LICOGI (perusahaan umum dalam konstruksi dan infrastruktur di Vietnam) sebagai referensi untuk masalah harga. Last but not least, dalam penelitian ini kita dapat menyelesaikan beberapa masalah kontroversial dalam penetapan harga dan transfer merek dagang di berbagai perusahaan mulai dari produksi, manufaktur hingga konstruksi, real estat dan sektor perdagangan di negara-negara berkembang seperti Vietnam, setidaknya dari definisi, konsep dan kerangk
从制造业到商业等各个行业，定价和估值可能会令人困惑地互换。然而，它们实际上是不同的。定价可以简单地理解为由卖方或卖方与买方之间的协议确定价格的过程。相反，估价分析通常由专家进行。因此，商标价值评估是一个通过勤奋的研究、公正的判断和一些相当简单的算术来确定商标价值的过程。在本研究中，我们将指出与其他国家/地区相比，我国在商标转让定价方面存在的缺陷和障碍，然后我们将提出一些改进越南商标转让定价机制的措施。介绍了商标定价与估价的基本概念和估价方法。作者还以越南建筑和基础设施综合公司(LICOGI)的建设案例作为定价问题的参考。最后但并非最不重要的是，在本研究中，我们可以至少从定义、概念和法律框架上解决越南等发展中国家从生产、制造到建筑、房地产和商业部门的各种公司在商标定价和转让方面的一些争议问题。关键词:知识产权资产;商标定价服务;法律;估值方法;越南Penilaian Merek Dagang Menurut undang undang danperaturan越南摘要Penetapan harga danpenilaimungkin成员，uningkan dandapat dipertukarkan di berbagai工业，mulai dari制造，制造，生产，生产，生产，生产，生产，生产，生产，生产，生产，生产，销售，销售，销售，销售，销售，销售，销售，销售，销售，销售，销售Namun, sebenarnya keduanya berbeda。Penetapan harga secara sederhana dapat dipahami sebagai表示，dimana harga ditetapkan oleh penjual atau dengan kesepakatan antara penjual dan pembeli。Sebaliknya，分析了penian biasanya dilakukan oleh parahli。Jadi, penian merek dagang adalah proprodi mana nilai merek dagang ditentukan melalui penelitian yang rajin, penian yang tidak bias, dan beberapa aritmatika yang cuup sederhana。Dalam studi ini, kami menunjukkan kelemahan danhambatan Dalam penetapan harga Dalam transfer merek dagang di negara kami dibandingkan dengan negara/kawasan lain dankemudian kami akan menyarankan beberapa langkah untuk meningkatkan rezim penetapan harga Dalam transfer merek dagang di越南。Penulis juga menyajikan Beberapa Konsep Dasar Terkait Penetapan Harga Dan Penilaian Merek Dagang Dan metode Penilaian。Penulis juga menggunakan kasus konstruksi LICOGI (perusahaan umum dalam konstruksi dan infrastructure di Vietnam)。最后但并非最不重要的是，dalam penelitian ini kita dapat menyelesaikan beberapa masalah有争议的dalam penetapan harga dantransfer merek dagang di berbagai perusahaan mulai dari产品，制造业，制造业，房地产，行业perdagangan di negara-negara berkembang seperti越南，setidakya dari definisi, konsep dan kerangka hukum. kata kunci: Aset Kekayaan knowledge;Layanan Penetapan Harga Merek Dagang;Hukum;Metode Penilaian;越南ОценкатоварногознакавсоответствиисзаконамииправиламиВьетнамаАннотацияЦенообразованиеиоценкамогутбытьошибочновзаимозаменяемывразличныхотраслях,отпроизводствадоторговли,ит。д。Однако на самом деле это разные понятия。Ценообразованиеможетбытьпростопонятокакпроцесс,посредствомкоторогоценаустанавливаетсяпродавцомилисоглашениеммеждупродавцомипокупателем。,Напротивоценочныйанализобычнопроводитсяэкспертами。Такимобразом,оценкатоварногознака-этопроцесс,входекоторогостоимостьтоварногознакаопределяетсяпосредствомтщательногоисследования,беспристрастногосужденияинекоторыхдовольнопростыхарифметическихдействий。Вэтомисследованиимыуказываемнанедостаткиипрепятствиявценообразованииприпередачетоварныхзнаковвнашейстранепосравнениюсдругимистранами/регионами,азатемпредлагаемнекоторыемерыпоулучшениюрежимаценообразованияприпередачетоварныхзнаковвоВьетнаме。Авторытакжепредставляютнекоторыеосновныеконцепци,исвязанныесценообразованиемиоценкойтоварныхзнаков。иметодыоценки。АвторытакжеиспользуютслучайстроительстваLICOGI(генеральнаякомпаниявобластистроительстваиинфраструктурывоВьетнаме)вкачествесправочногоматериалаповоп
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Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.25286
Marina Sokolova, A. Fatyanov, A. Makeev, Elena Blinova, Yulia Gorlova, Elmir Alimamedov
The article discusses topical issues related to the difficulties encountered by the investigator when seizing securities. The authors, on the basis of the studied criminal procedural and civil legislation, proposed to amend the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, solving contradictions in theory and practice. Based on the results of studying the theoretical and practical aspects of the investigator’s activities in imposing seizure of securities, a number of issues were highlighted, which were studied in detail. In addition, proposals were made to improve the current criminal procedural legislation, which will allow the investigator to optimize the activities on the application of this measure in the future in procedural coercion, both in general and in relation to certain types of securities.Keywords: Bonafide Acquirer; Criminal Proceedings; Interrogator; Seizure of Securities Penyitaan Surat Berharga dalam Proses Pidana Federasi Rusia: Teori dan PraktikAbstrakArtikel ini membahas tentang kesulitan-kesulitan yang dihadapi penyidik dalam penyitaan surat berharga. Para penulis, berdasarkan undang-undang acara pidana dan perdata yang dipelajari, mengusulkan untuk mengubah Kode Acara Pidana Federasi Rusia, memecahkan kontradiksi dalam teori dan praktik. Berdasarkan hasil kajian aspek teoretis dan praktis dari kegiatan penyidik dalam melakukan penyitaan surat berharga, beberapa hal menjadi sorotan yang dikaji secara rinci. Selain itu, diusulkan untuk memperbaiki undang-undang acara pidana saat ini, yang memungkinkan penyidik untuk mengoptimalkan kegiatan penerapan tindakan ini di masa depan dalam paksaan prosedural, baik secara umum maupun dalam kaitannya dengan jenis surat berharga tertentu.Kata kunci: Pengakuisisi Bonafide; Proses Pidana; Interogator; Penyitaan Surat Berharga
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Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.25810
Ashkan Razmfarsa, Arian Amidi, Ehsan Darvishmoghaddam, Tayebeh Khademi
Platforms are critical components of every rail travel. At the train station, passengers can take benefit of a variety of platform-based amenities whose satisfaction is prioritized. Rail services play a critical role in carrying people and products from point of origin to point of destination. People's mobility has accelerated in recent years, with the ultimate goal of earning a living. Numerous forms of transportation are available to promote accessible modes of transportation to people in diverse parts of the world, including road, rail, air, and sea. Rail transport has developed into one of the most important modes of transport in recent decades in Iran, which is experiencing an increase in demand for rail services. The objective of this research is to identify and rank the elements that influence people's willingness to travel by train. The statistical population is comprised of all passengers who travel by rail on a daily basis, which amounts to approximately 75,000 persons. The statistical sample size was determined using the Morgan table, which yielded 382 passengers. Four factors can be examined when determining whether to increase people's desires: economy, station conditions, journey time, and train conditions, with economy and train conditions being the most essential. The study's conclusions can assist commercial and public railway businesses in providing the required infrastructure and circumstances to boost passenger appeal.Keywords: Economics; Passenger’s Law; Rail Transportation; Station circumstances. Faktor Pendorong Penumpang Untuk Memilih Transportasi Kereta Api di Iran Berdasarkan Hukum dan Hak PenumpangAbstrak Platform adalah komponen penting dari setiap perjalanan kereta api. Di stasiun kereta, penumpang dapat memanfaatkan berbagai fasilitas berbasis peron yang mengutamakan kepuasan. Layanan kereta api memainkan peran penting dalam membawa orang dan produk dari titik asal ke titik tujuan. Mobilitas orang telah meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, dengan tujuan akhir mencari nafkah. Berbagai bentuk transportasi tersedia untuk mempromosikan moda transportasi yang dapat diakses oleh orang-orang di berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk jalan raya, kereta api, udara, dan laut. Transportasi kereta api telah berkembang menjadi salah satu moda transportasi terpenting dalam beberapa dekade terakhir di Iran, yang mengalami peningkatan permintaan akan layanan kereta api. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengurutkan elemen-elemen yang mempengaruhi keinginan masyarakat untuk bepergian dengan kereta api. Populasi statistik terdiri dari semua penumpang yang melakukan perjalanan dengan kereta api setiap hari, yang berjumlah sekitar 75.000 orang. Ukuran sampel statistik ditentukan dengan menggunakan tabel Morgan, yang menghasilkan 382 penumpang. Empat faktor dapat diperiksa ketika menentukan apakah akan meningkatkan keinginan masyarakat: ekonomi, kondisi stasiun, waktu perjalanan, dan kondisi kereta api, dengan ek
{"title":"Factors Encouraging Passengers to Prefer Rail Transportation in Iran Based On Law and Rights of Passengers","authors":"Ashkan Razmfarsa, Arian Amidi, Ehsan Darvishmoghaddam, Tayebeh Khademi","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i1.25810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i1.25810","url":null,"abstract":"Platforms are critical components of every rail travel. At the train station, passengers can take benefit of a variety of platform-based amenities whose satisfaction is prioritized. Rail services play a critical role in carrying people and products from point of origin to point of destination. People's mobility has accelerated in recent years, with the ultimate goal of earning a living. Numerous forms of transportation are available to promote accessible modes of transportation to people in diverse parts of the world, including road, rail, air, and sea. Rail transport has developed into one of the most important modes of transport in recent decades in Iran, which is experiencing an increase in demand for rail services. The objective of this research is to identify and rank the elements that influence people's willingness to travel by train. The statistical population is comprised of all passengers who travel by rail on a daily basis, which amounts to approximately 75,000 persons. The statistical sample size was determined using the Morgan table, which yielded 382 passengers. Four factors can be examined when determining whether to increase people's desires: economy, station conditions, journey time, and train conditions, with economy and train conditions being the most essential. The study's conclusions can assist commercial and public railway businesses in providing the required infrastructure and circumstances to boost passenger appeal.Keywords: Economics; Passenger’s Law; Rail Transportation; Station circumstances. Faktor Pendorong Penumpang Untuk Memilih Transportasi Kereta Api di Iran Berdasarkan Hukum dan Hak PenumpangAbstrak Platform adalah komponen penting dari setiap perjalanan kereta api. Di stasiun kereta, penumpang dapat memanfaatkan berbagai fasilitas berbasis peron yang mengutamakan kepuasan. Layanan kereta api memainkan peran penting dalam membawa orang dan produk dari titik asal ke titik tujuan. Mobilitas orang telah meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, dengan tujuan akhir mencari nafkah. Berbagai bentuk transportasi tersedia untuk mempromosikan moda transportasi yang dapat diakses oleh orang-orang di berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk jalan raya, kereta api, udara, dan laut. Transportasi kereta api telah berkembang menjadi salah satu moda transportasi terpenting dalam beberapa dekade terakhir di Iran, yang mengalami peningkatan permintaan akan layanan kereta api. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengurutkan elemen-elemen yang mempengaruhi keinginan masyarakat untuk bepergian dengan kereta api. Populasi statistik terdiri dari semua penumpang yang melakukan perjalanan dengan kereta api setiap hari, yang berjumlah sekitar 75.000 orang. Ukuran sampel statistik ditentukan dengan menggunakan tabel Morgan, yang menghasilkan 382 penumpang. Empat faktor dapat diperiksa ketika menentukan apakah akan meningkatkan keinginan masyarakat: ekonomi, kondisi stasiun, waktu perjalanan, dan kondisi kereta api, dengan ek","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45748149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.25806
Hua Ruiqi, V. Muzykant
Nowadays, social media plays an vitally important role in the transmission and exchange of data around the world, and China is certainly no exception. Short video platforms have gained particular popularity among social media in recent years. In this regard, we have conducted a study that provides insight into how Chinese short video platforms can be a tool for building national identity in the era of social media in China. As a result of the analysis, it was noted that short videos play an important role in shaping a sense of national identity in modern China. Short videos as a tool for the formation of national identity were considered on the example of the Douyin service. On Douyin, the formation of national identity is reflected in videos with the hashtag "Positive Energy". The Positive Energy page displays videos to describe China's wealth, prosperity, and national strength. "Positive Energy" focuses on social and moral issues, reinforcing the shared responsibility to address such issues in unison with the state, encouraging active moral behavior, making it a useful expression for the formation of national identity. It was also noted that Douyin's short videos visualize and vocalize the symbolic attachment to the nation, which contributes to a greater emotional attachment to the nation and a sense of national identity.Keywords: Short Video; National Identity; Social Media; China АннотацияВ последние годы социальные медиа играют особую роль в передаче и обмене данными по всему миру, и Китай, безусловно, не является исключением. Особую популярность среди социальных медиа сегодня приобретают платформы коротких видео. В связи с этим нами было проведено исследование, которое дает представление о том, как китайские платформы коротких видео могут быть средством формирования и продвижения национальной идентичности в эпоху социальных медиа в Китае. В результате проведенного анализа было отмечено, что короткие видео играют важную роль в формировании чувства национальной идентичности в современном Китае. Короткие видео как новый способ формирования национальной идентичности рассматривались на примере сервиса Douyin. На Douyin формирование национальной идентичности отражено в видеороликах с хештегом «Позитивная энергия». На странице «Позитивной энергии» отображаются видео, для описания благосостояния, процветания и национальной мощи Китая. «Позитивная энергия» сосредоточена на социальных и моральных проблемах, усилении общей обязанности решать подобные проблемы в унисон с государством, поощрении активного нравственного поведения и поддержке государственного контроля над Интернетом, что делает ее полезным выражением для формирования национальной идентичности. Было также отмечено, что короткие видео сервиса Douyin визуализируют и озвучивают символическую привязанность к нации, что способствует большей эмоциональной привязанности к нации и чувству национальной идентичности. Следовательно, можно утверждать, что короткие видео стимулируют общую память гражд
{"title":"Краткое Видео Как Средство Формирования Национальной Индентичности В Современном Китае (Short Video as a Tool of Forming National Identity in Contemporary China)","authors":"Hua Ruiqi, V. Muzykant","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i1.25806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i1.25806","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, social media plays an vitally important role in the transmission and exchange of data around the world, and China is certainly no exception. Short video platforms have gained particular popularity among social media in recent years. In this regard, we have conducted a study that provides insight into how Chinese short video platforms can be a tool for building national identity in the era of social media in China. As a result of the analysis, it was noted that short videos play an important role in shaping a sense of national identity in modern China. Short videos as a tool for the formation of national identity were considered on the example of the Douyin service. On Douyin, the formation of national identity is reflected in videos with the hashtag \"Positive Energy\". The Positive Energy page displays videos to describe China's wealth, prosperity, and national strength. \"Positive Energy\" focuses on social and moral issues, reinforcing the shared responsibility to address such issues in unison with the state, encouraging active moral behavior, making it a useful expression for the formation of national identity. It was also noted that Douyin's short videos visualize and vocalize the symbolic attachment to the nation, which contributes to a greater emotional attachment to the nation and a sense of national identity.Keywords: Short Video; National Identity; Social Media; China АннотацияВ последние годы социальные медиа играют особую роль в передаче и обмене данными по всему миру, и Китай, безусловно, не является исключением. Особую популярность среди социальных медиа сегодня приобретают платформы коротких видео. В связи с этим нами было проведено исследование, которое дает представление о том, как китайские платформы коротких видео могут быть средством формирования и продвижения национальной идентичности в эпоху социальных медиа в Китае. В результате проведенного анализа было отмечено, что короткие видео играют важную роль в формировании чувства национальной идентичности в современном Китае. Короткие видео как новый способ формирования национальной идентичности рассматривались на примере сервиса Douyin. На Douyin формирование национальной идентичности отражено в видеороликах с хештегом «Позитивная энергия». На странице «Позитивной энергии» отображаются видео, для описания благосостояния, процветания и национальной мощи Китая. «Позитивная энергия» сосредоточена на социальных и моральных проблемах, усилении общей обязанности решать подобные проблемы в унисон с государством, поощрении активного нравственного поведения и поддержке государственного контроля над Интернетом, что делает ее полезным выражением для формирования национальной идентичности. Было также отмечено, что короткие видео сервиса Douyin визуализируют и озвучивают символическую привязанность к нации, что способствует большей эмоциональной привязанности к нации и чувству национальной идентичности. Следовательно, можно утверждать, что короткие видео стимулируют общую память гражд","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43097287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Myroniuk, Anatolii Matviichuk, Olena Hrabylnikova, O. Marchenko
Successful examples of legal support privatization in a number of developed foreign countries are analyzed. In particular, the main attention was paid to the analysis of the experience of legal support privatization in developed and democratic countries of North America and Western Europe. The possibility and peculiarity of the procedure of introduction of specific forms and methods of legal support of the processes related to privatization in Ukraine are established. It is stated that privatization is one of the most significant phenomena both in the economy of a particular state and in society as a whole. It is noted that the proper legal enforcement and support of all privatization-related processes determine whether the economic development and prosperity of the state will take place, or, conversely, it will decline and suffer significant losses. It is noted that in connection with the gradual rapprochement of Ukraine with European states and their standards, the problem of inventing the most appropriate and relevant privatization of certain state or municipal enterprises is becoming more acute. At the same time, researchers prefer to conduct a qualitative analysis of the processes of privatization of state property that has taken place in the past in more detail, based on certain newly discovered facts. Among other things, it is considered necessary to check whether the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens, as well as the state, have been violated during the privatization process.Keywords: Privatization Legal Support; Implementation; Effective Activity; Qualitative Regulation; Research of Processes and PhenomenaPengalaman Asing Dalam Privatisasi Dukungan Hukum dan Peluang Penerapannya di Ukraina AbstrakContoh sukses privatisasi dukungan hukum di sejumlah negara maju asing dianalisis. Secara khusus, perhatian utama diberikan pada analisis pengalaman privatisasi dukungan hukum di negara-negara maju dan demokratis di Amerika Utara dan Eropa Barat. Kemungkinan dan kekhasan prosedur pengenalan bentuk khusus dan metode dukungan hukum dari proses yang terkait dengan privatisasi di Ukraina ditetapkan. Disebutkan bahwa privatisasi adalah salah satu fenomena paling signifikan baik dalam perekonomian suatu negara tertentu maupun dalam masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Penegakan hukum yang tepat dan dukungan dari semua proses terkait privatisasi menentukan apakah pembangunan ekonomi dan kemakmuran negara akan berlangsung, atau sebaliknya, akan menurun dan menderita kerugian yang signifikan. Sehubungan dengan pemulihan hubungan Ukraina secara bertahap dengan negara-negara Eropa dan standar mereka, masalah menciptakan privatisasi yang paling tepat dan relevan dari perusahaan negara bagian atau kota tertentu menjadi lebih akut. Pada saat yang sama, peneliti lebih memilih untuk melakukan analisis kualitatif terhadap proses privatisasi barang milik negara yang telah terjadi di masa lalu secara lebih rinci, berdasarkan fakta-fakta tertentu yang
{"title":"Foreign Experience of Legal Support Privatization and the Possibility of its Use in Ukraine","authors":"R. Myroniuk, Anatolii Matviichuk, Olena Hrabylnikova, O. Marchenko","doi":"10.15408/jch.v9i3.22611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v9i3.22611","url":null,"abstract":"Successful examples of legal support privatization in a number of developed foreign countries are analyzed. In particular, the main attention was paid to the analysis of the experience of legal support privatization in developed and democratic countries of North America and Western Europe. The possibility and peculiarity of the procedure of introduction of specific forms and methods of legal support of the processes related to privatization in Ukraine are established. It is stated that privatization is one of the most significant phenomena both in the economy of a particular state and in society as a whole. It is noted that the proper legal enforcement and support of all privatization-related processes determine whether the economic development and prosperity of the state will take place, or, conversely, it will decline and suffer significant losses. It is noted that in connection with the gradual rapprochement of Ukraine with European states and their standards, the problem of inventing the most appropriate and relevant privatization of certain state or municipal enterprises is becoming more acute. At the same time, researchers prefer to conduct a qualitative analysis of the processes of privatization of state property that has taken place in the past in more detail, based on certain newly discovered facts. Among other things, it is considered necessary to check whether the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens, as well as the state, have been violated during the privatization process.Keywords: Privatization Legal Support; Implementation; Effective Activity; Qualitative Regulation; Research of Processes and PhenomenaPengalaman Asing Dalam Privatisasi Dukungan Hukum dan Peluang Penerapannya di Ukraina AbstrakContoh sukses privatisasi dukungan hukum di sejumlah negara maju asing dianalisis. Secara khusus, perhatian utama diberikan pada analisis pengalaman privatisasi dukungan hukum di negara-negara maju dan demokratis di Amerika Utara dan Eropa Barat. Kemungkinan dan kekhasan prosedur pengenalan bentuk khusus dan metode dukungan hukum dari proses yang terkait dengan privatisasi di Ukraina ditetapkan. Disebutkan bahwa privatisasi adalah salah satu fenomena paling signifikan baik dalam perekonomian suatu negara tertentu maupun dalam masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Penegakan hukum yang tepat dan dukungan dari semua proses terkait privatisasi menentukan apakah pembangunan ekonomi dan kemakmuran negara akan berlangsung, atau sebaliknya, akan menurun dan menderita kerugian yang signifikan. Sehubungan dengan pemulihan hubungan Ukraina secara bertahap dengan negara-negara Eropa dan standar mereka, masalah menciptakan privatisasi yang paling tepat dan relevan dari perusahaan negara bagian atau kota tertentu menjadi lebih akut. Pada saat yang sama, peneliti lebih memilih untuk melakukan analisis kualitatif terhadap proses privatisasi barang milik negara yang telah terjadi di masa lalu secara lebih rinci, berdasarkan fakta-fakta tertentu yang ","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45780974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nana Charles Nguindip, L. Mohilevskyi, Ablamskyi Serhii Yevhenovych, Tetiana Kuzubova
There is no instance in a given society that can successfully opeate and function without respecting existing standards and principles set in place in ensuring the respect of fundamental human right and dignity. The notion and acceptable rule is that, Crime commission is an unavoidable singularity in any given and documented society functioning under the umbrella of established rules and regulations. Cameroon and Ukraine has engaged huge steps in establishing credible laws, all in the preservation and protection of fundamental human right of those presumed of crime commission. This article articulates and establishes that,the only way the rule of law can be respected during the investigative stage, will only when those responsible for investigation respects the due process of the law in the course of its investigation so that their act should not contravene the right of the suspect or accused in question. It provides that when issues of investigation are carried out by Ukraine and Cameroon police, gross violations of the criminal process are always experienced, and this greatly affects the objective of criminal law being that of protecting the right and dignity of everyone irrespective of the status quo acquired during the criminal proceedings.the results of this gross violation of the accuesed rights and status during the investigative stage will affect the rationale and objective of the criminal law system which is to ensure that all criminal process should respect human standard and dignity. The reason for this is that, during the investigative process and procedure, the law enforcement ofiicers must be able in detaching their various duties assigned with due diligent and respect of the various criminal standards of investigation. To ensure that this is done, there is that need of those enforcing the jucial process and trial should that all evidences, searches, seizures, recording done by the investigative police officials should be done in accordance of the free will of the presumed criminal.
{"title":"Investigative and the Rule of Law: A Cameroonian and Ukrainian Criminal Proceedings Law Understanding","authors":"Nana Charles Nguindip, L. Mohilevskyi, Ablamskyi Serhii Yevhenovych, Tetiana Kuzubova","doi":"10.15408/jch.v9i3.23745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v9i3.23745","url":null,"abstract":"There is no instance in a given society that can successfully opeate and function without respecting existing standards and principles set in place in ensuring the respect of fundamental human right and dignity. The notion and acceptable rule is that, Crime commission is an unavoidable singularity in any given and documented society functioning under the umbrella of established rules and regulations. Cameroon and Ukraine has engaged huge steps in establishing credible laws, all in the preservation and protection of fundamental human right of those presumed of crime commission. This article articulates and establishes that,the only way the rule of law can be respected during the investigative stage, will only when those responsible for investigation respects the due process of the law in the course of its investigation so that their act should not contravene the right of the suspect or accused in question. It provides that when issues of investigation are carried out by Ukraine and Cameroon police, gross violations of the criminal process are always experienced, and this greatly affects the objective of criminal law being that of protecting the right and dignity of everyone irrespective of the status quo acquired during the criminal proceedings.the results of this gross violation of the accuesed rights and status during the investigative stage will affect the rationale and objective of the criminal law system which is to ensure that all criminal process should respect human standard and dignity. The reason for this is that, during the investigative process and procedure, the law enforcement ofiicers must be able in detaching their various duties assigned with due diligent and respect of the various criminal standards of investigation. To ensure that this is done, there is that need of those enforcing the jucial process and trial should that all evidences, searches, seizures, recording done by the investigative police officials should be done in accordance of the free will of the presumed criminal.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48708017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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