Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i2.24009
Vien the Giang
The article analyzes the current situation and debates about the digital currencies issued by central bank. The results show that only a few countries have issued the central bank digital currencies, the rest of the countries have begun to have institutional orientations for research on issuing and using the central bank digital currency. The strengths that lead to the central bank's choice of research and issuance of digital currency are a high level of security, convenience for money control in circulation, and the stable value guaranteed by the state, thereby contributing to the promotion of non-cash payments. In the context of accelerating the economy digitization, including digital banking, and promoting the cash payments, Vietnam has had an orientation to research mechanisms, policies and laws for the issuance of national digital currency. In order to do this, in addition to reviewing, amending and supplementing the Law on the State Bank of Vietnam related to currency issuance, it is also necessary to prepare fully the technical infrastructure system.
{"title":"National digital currency issuance under Vietnamese law","authors":"Vien the Giang","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i2.24009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i2.24009","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the current situation and debates about the digital currencies issued by central bank. The results show that only a few countries have issued the central bank digital currencies, the rest of the countries have begun to have institutional orientations for research on issuing and using the central bank digital currency. The strengths that lead to the central bank's choice of research and issuance of digital currency are a high level of security, convenience for money control in circulation, and the stable value guaranteed by the state, thereby contributing to the promotion of non-cash payments. In the context of accelerating the economy digitization, including digital banking, and promoting the cash payments, Vietnam has had an orientation to research mechanisms, policies and laws for the issuance of national digital currency. In order to do this, in addition to reviewing, amending and supplementing the Law on the State Bank of Vietnam related to currency issuance, it is also necessary to prepare fully the technical infrastructure system.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49522948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i2.27800
I. Rais, Ya Rakha Muyassar
In deciding joint property cases, religious court judges apply the provisions of Article 97 of the KHI with the division of 1/2–1/2 part of joint assets. However, in the decision No. 70/Pdt.G/2002/PA.Mrk, No. 330/Pdt.G/2004/PA.Tgrs, and No. 278/Pdt.G/2005/PA.Bkt, the judge of the religious court did not make a decision based on this provision. The Merauke PA decides the joint property case in a 4/10–6/10 division, the Tigaraksa PA 20%-80%, and the Bukittinggi PA 1/4–3/4. This study looks at the considerations and perceptions of the religious court judges in deciding joint property cases. The method used in this research is normative juridical which is qualitative in nature, using a comparative approach. As a result, the panel of judges in the 3 religious courts deviated from the applicable legal provisions, considering several factors. There are 5 factors that are considered by the panel of judges in deciding joint property cases, including: contribution factors, legal arguments, a sense of justice, legal arguments, origins of joint assets, and contextual understanding of a legal provision.
{"title":"The Construction of Religious Court Judges' Decisions in the Case of Joint Assets Based on Islamic Law and Legal Development","authors":"I. Rais, Ya Rakha Muyassar","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i2.27800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i2.27800","url":null,"abstract":"In deciding joint property cases, religious court judges apply the provisions of Article 97 of the KHI with the division of 1/2–1/2 part of joint assets. However, in the decision No. 70/Pdt.G/2002/PA.Mrk, No. 330/Pdt.G/2004/PA.Tgrs, and No. 278/Pdt.G/2005/PA.Bkt, the judge of the religious court did not make a decision based on this provision. The Merauke PA decides the joint property case in a 4/10–6/10 division, the Tigaraksa PA 20%-80%, and the Bukittinggi PA 1/4–3/4. This study looks at the considerations and perceptions of the religious court judges in deciding joint property cases. The method used in this research is normative juridical which is qualitative in nature, using a comparative approach. As a result, the panel of judges in the 3 religious courts deviated from the applicable legal provisions, considering several factors. There are 5 factors that are considered by the panel of judges in deciding joint property cases, including: contribution factors, legal arguments, a sense of justice, legal arguments, origins of joint assets, and contextual understanding of a legal provision.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45068183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i2.27805
Reza Shahbazi, Samad Hazrati
Today, as insurance has developed into a vast industry, insurance companies seek to maximize profit. They tend to formulate the insurance contracts in such a way that infringes the insured’s rights. They strive to secure additional privileges and profit by incorporating unfair terms in insurance contracts. Lawyers suggest that the solution to preventing the inclusion of such terms and ensuring fair treatment of the insured lies in the insurers’ pre-contractual duties, such as their obligation not to include such unfair terms. One can articulate this obligation for both parties in all contracts, based on the fairness principle in Iranian law. In conclusion, in insurance contracts, the general contract terms obligate the insurer to accept the payment from a third party. If paying the insurance premium takes place with the permission of the insured, the third party can return to the insured for the paid amount. However, if the third party performs the payment without the insured's permission (the primary debtor), it is gratis, and the third party retains the right to return to the insured. Keywords: Civil liability, Insurance, Unfair terms, Insurance contracts.
{"title":"Liability of Insurance Companies for Unfair Terms in Iranian Law","authors":"Reza Shahbazi, Samad Hazrati","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i2.27805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i2.27805","url":null,"abstract":"Today, as insurance has developed into a vast industry, insurance companies seek to maximize profit. They tend to formulate the insurance contracts in such a way that infringes the insured’s rights. They strive to secure additional privileges and profit by incorporating unfair terms in insurance contracts. Lawyers suggest that the solution to preventing the inclusion of such terms and ensuring fair treatment of the insured lies in the insurers’ pre-contractual duties, such as their obligation not to include such unfair terms. One can articulate this obligation for both parties in all contracts, based on the fairness principle in Iranian law. In conclusion, in insurance contracts, the general contract terms obligate the insurer to accept the payment from a third party. If paying the insurance premium takes place with the permission of the insured, the third party can return to the insured for the paid amount. However, if the third party performs the payment without the insured's permission (the primary debtor), it is gratis, and the third party retains the right to return to the insured. Keywords: Civil liability, Insurance, Unfair terms, Insurance contracts.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45914289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i2.26447
N. Nahrowi, Apriyadi Romadon Pratama, Masyrofah Masyrofah, Syahrul A'dam
This study aims to analyze digital accounts, which have now become an inseparable part of life in the modern world, so that their existence is undoubtedly a necessity for society in general, both for primary, secondary and entertainment purposes as well as career and business support in the digital world, etc. This research is qualitative in the field of law, with a normative juridical approach. The findings in the study, namely a review of legal progress toward digital accounts, show that the existence of digital accounts can answer the material status of digital accounts, which indicates the needs and demands of the community are part of progressive law on social causes in the community. Based on the legal provisions, digital accounts can be categorized into inheritance, as inheritance items that will be divided among the heirs, but this does not apply to all accounts; there are several criteria for accounts that can become inheritance, which means that digital accounts should now be included in the legacy, this also shows that progressive law flows, flexible and can realize the benefit of society.Keywords: Digital Accounts, Inheritance, Progressive Law
{"title":"Digital Account as a Heritage of Law In Indonesia","authors":"N. Nahrowi, Apriyadi Romadon Pratama, Masyrofah Masyrofah, Syahrul A'dam","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i2.26447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i2.26447","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze digital accounts, which have now become an inseparable part of life in the modern world, so that their existence is undoubtedly a necessity for society in general, both for primary, secondary and entertainment purposes as well as career and business support in the digital world, etc. This research is qualitative in the field of law, with a normative juridical approach. The findings in the study, namely a review of legal progress toward digital accounts, show that the existence of digital accounts can answer the material status of digital accounts, which indicates the needs and demands of the community are part of progressive law on social causes in the community. Based on the legal provisions, digital accounts can be categorized into inheritance, as inheritance items that will be divided among the heirs, but this does not apply to all accounts; there are several criteria for accounts that can become inheritance, which means that digital accounts should now be included in the legacy, this also shows that progressive law flows, flexible and can realize the benefit of society.Keywords: Digital Accounts, Inheritance, Progressive Law","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46480073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i2.25921
V. Muzykant, Barek Hossain, M. A. Muqsith, Mobassera Jahan Fatima
Social media have become an integral element of modern life. Internet accessibility has boosted the public's engagement in computer-controlled official and informal activities. However, many information sources contain unsupported, inaccurate, and erroneous material. In this circumstance, media literacy is a significant phenomenon in developing and non-developing nations. Due to the misuse of social media and lack of media literacy in Bangladesh, some unexpected communal acts of violence happened during the past decade. This study intends to emphasize, from a Bangladeshi viewpoint, the significance of media literacy in reducing rumors, misinformation, disinformation, and fake news. Using descriptive research methodologies, more than forty secondary data sources from Bengali, English, Russian, Indonesian, and Turkish literature, such as research papers, reports, news stories, publications, books, and theses, have been examined. In order to combat misinformation, rumors, fake news, and yellow journalism in developing nations like Bangladesh, where literacy rates are still low, it is imperative to increase media literacy levels. In this regard, governments and non-governmental groups should work collaboratively to fix the deficiencies in this process.
{"title":"Media Literacy and Fake News: Bangladesh Perspective","authors":"V. Muzykant, Barek Hossain, M. A. Muqsith, Mobassera Jahan Fatima","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i2.25921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i2.25921","url":null,"abstract":"Social media have become an integral element of modern life. Internet accessibility has boosted the public's engagement in computer-controlled official and informal activities. However, many information sources contain unsupported, inaccurate, and erroneous material. In this circumstance, media literacy is a significant phenomenon in developing and non-developing nations. Due to the misuse of social media and lack of media literacy in Bangladesh, some unexpected communal acts of violence happened during the past decade. This study intends to emphasize, from a Bangladeshi viewpoint, the significance of media literacy in reducing rumors, misinformation, disinformation, and fake news. Using descriptive research methodologies, more than forty secondary data sources from Bengali, English, Russian, Indonesian, and Turkish literature, such as research papers, reports, news stories, publications, books, and theses, have been examined. In order to combat misinformation, rumors, fake news, and yellow journalism in developing nations like Bangladesh, where literacy rates are still low, it is imperative to increase media literacy levels. In this regard, governments and non-governmental groups should work collaboratively to fix the deficiencies in this process.","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46717176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i2.27804
M. Maksum, Yayuk Afiyanah
Employment contract between workers and employers are the basis for determining rights and obligations. This contract is influenced by the laws governing a contractual relation and its historical experience. By comparing the laws of employment from three sources of law, namely Indonesian law, Moroccan law, Islamic law, and international law, it is concluded that international law has an effect on national law. Islamic law has little effect on employment contract. The influence of Islamic law is found more in Moroccan regulations than in Indonesian regulations. Some of the different concepts regulated in these legal sources include the concept of a work agreement, age restrictions on children who can enter into a working relationship, objects or jobs to be employed, and the division of work areas. This research has implications for the competition of international work transactions or the acceptance of foreign workers due to the same arrangements although with certain restrictions according to the policies of a country. Keywords : employment law, work contract, worker, employer, child worker
{"title":"The Influence of International and Islamic Law on Labor Laws in Indonesia and Morocco","authors":"M. Maksum, Yayuk Afiyanah","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i2.27804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i2.27804","url":null,"abstract":"Employment contract between workers and employers are the basis for determining rights and obligations. This contract is influenced by the laws governing a contractual relation and its historical experience. By comparing the laws of employment from three sources of law, namely Indonesian law, Moroccan law, Islamic law, and international law, it is concluded that international law has an effect on national law. Islamic law has little effect on employment contract. The influence of Islamic law is found more in Moroccan regulations than in Indonesian regulations. Some of the different concepts regulated in these legal sources include the concept of a work agreement, age restrictions on children who can enter into a working relationship, objects or jobs to be employed, and the division of work areas. This research has implications for the competition of international work transactions or the acceptance of foreign workers due to the same arrangements although with certain restrictions according to the policies of a country. Keywords : employment law, work contract, worker, employer, child worker","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45111132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.24423
Mustafa Zafer Soydan, Refly Setiawan
Democracy and universality are serious issues that concern everyone today and need to be studied. The question is whether democracy is universal or not remains up-to-date. Those who value democracy say that democracy is universal, while those who do not value democracy say that democracy is not universal. The research method used in this study uses a qualitative method with an empirical normative approach. The results suggest that the relationship between democracy and universality remains uncertain. This uncertainty has spread to the legal, cultural and economic fields. Any subject interested in democracy examines the concept from a hermeneutic and relativist perspective, starting from their own value judgments, and by focusing on the positive and negative aspects of the concept. This further leads to the formation of different tendencies regarding the universality of democracy. This raises the need for a re-evaluation of the concept.Keywords: Universal; Democracy; Law; Culture; Economy Universalitas Demokrasi dalam Konteks Ekonomi dan Budaya AbstrakDemokrasi dan universalitas merupakan isu serius yang menjadi perhatian semua orang saat ini dan perlu dikaji. Pertanyaannya adalah apakah demokrasi itu universal atau tidak tetap up-to-date. Mereka yang menghargai demokrasi mengatakan bahwa demokrasi itu universal, sedangkan mereka yang tidak menghargai demokrasi menyatakan bahwa demokrasi tidak universal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif empiris. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa hubungan antara demokrasi dan universalitas tetap tidak pasti. Ketidakpastian ini telah menyebar ke bidang hukum, budaya dan ekonomi. Setiap mata pelajaran yang tertarik dengan demokrasi mengkaji konsep dari hermeneutik dan relativis perspektif, mulai dari penilaian nilai mereka sendiri, dan dengan berfokus pada aspek positif dan negatif dari konsep tersebut. Selanjutnya mengarah pada pembentukan kecenderungan yang berbeda tentang universalitas demokrasi. Hal ini menimbulkan perlunya evaluasi ulang konsep.Kata Kunci: Universal; Demokrasi; Hukum; Budaya; Ekonomi
民主和普遍性是当今关系到每一个人的严重问题，需要加以研究。问题是民主是否具有普遍性仍然是最新的。重视民主的人说民主是普遍的，不重视民主的人说民主不是普遍的。本研究使用的研究方法采用定性方法和实证规范方法。结果表明，民主与普遍性之间的关系仍然不确定。这种不确定性已经蔓延到法律、文化和经济领域。任何对民主感兴趣的人都会从解释学和相对主义的角度来审视这个概念，从他们自己的价值判断开始，并关注这个概念的积极和消极方面。这进一步导致了关于民主普遍性的不同倾向的形成。这就提出了重新评价这一概念的必要性。关键词:通用;民主;法律;文化;【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】【经济学文摘】Pertanyaannya adalah apakah demokrasi是世界上最先进的民主国家。梅里卡yang menghargai demokrasi mengatakan bahwa demokrasi是普遍的，sedangkan梅里卡yang tidak menghargai demokrasi menyatakan bahwa demokrasi是普遍的。方法penpenelitian yang digunakan dalam penpenelitian ini menggunakan方法定性，dengan penpenkatan规范经验。哈西尔penelitian menyatakan bahwa hubungan antara民主和普遍主义，tetap tiak pasti。在经济上，经济上是有优势的。从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看，从相对的角度看。Selanjutnya mengarah ppenbentukan kecenderungan yang berbeda tantanuniversalitas democracy。哈尔尼·曼尼布尔坎·普伦亚评价。Kata Kunci:通用的;Demokrasi;Hukum;Budaya;Ekonomi
{"title":"The Universality of Democracy in Economic and Cultural Context","authors":"Mustafa Zafer Soydan, Refly Setiawan","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i1.24423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i1.24423","url":null,"abstract":"Democracy and universality are serious issues that concern everyone today and need to be studied. The question is whether democracy is universal or not remains up-to-date. Those who value democracy say that democracy is universal, while those who do not value democracy say that democracy is not universal. The research method used in this study uses a qualitative method with an empirical normative approach. The results suggest that the relationship between democracy and universality remains uncertain. This uncertainty has spread to the legal, cultural and economic fields. Any subject interested in democracy examines the concept from a hermeneutic and relativist perspective, starting from their own value judgments, and by focusing on the positive and negative aspects of the concept. This further leads to the formation of different tendencies regarding the universality of democracy. This raises the need for a re-evaluation of the concept.Keywords: Universal; Democracy; Law; Culture; Economy Universalitas Demokrasi dalam Konteks Ekonomi dan Budaya AbstrakDemokrasi dan universalitas merupakan isu serius yang menjadi perhatian semua orang saat ini dan perlu dikaji. Pertanyaannya adalah apakah demokrasi itu universal atau tidak tetap up-to-date. Mereka yang menghargai demokrasi mengatakan bahwa demokrasi itu universal, sedangkan mereka yang tidak menghargai demokrasi menyatakan bahwa demokrasi tidak universal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif empiris. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa hubungan antara demokrasi dan universalitas tetap tidak pasti. Ketidakpastian ini telah menyebar ke bidang hukum, budaya dan ekonomi. Setiap mata pelajaran yang tertarik dengan demokrasi mengkaji konsep dari hermeneutik dan relativis perspektif, mulai dari penilaian nilai mereka sendiri, dan dengan berfokus pada aspek positif dan negatif dari konsep tersebut. Selanjutnya mengarah pada pembentukan kecenderungan yang berbeda tentang universalitas demokrasi. Hal ini menimbulkan perlunya evaluasi ulang konsep.Kata Kunci: Universal; Demokrasi; Hukum; Budaya; Ekonomi","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43084387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Criminalizing violations of public morals and morals on the internet will help lawmakers understand the strengths and weaknesses of the criminal problem. The act of the perpetrator violates the basic principle of freedom, and is a heinous act, and extreme means must be used to prevent and limit the perpetrator of the crime. Perpetrators commit crimes by trapping their victims using crime equipment such as computers, cell phones, and the internet. This study uses a qualitative research method with an empirical approach. The results of the study state that cybercrimes involve perpetrators who gain material benefits from violations through social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Telegram. Violation of perpetrators related to cyberspace can be overcome by implementing integrated countermeasures based on situational tactics, development, and social control. In addition to providing the necessary education and information.Keywords: Ethics; Chastity; Cyberspace; Criminology Penyelidikan Kejahatan Terhadap Kesusilaan Dan Kesusilaan Umum Di Dunia Maya Dari Perspektif Kriminologi AbstrakMengkriminalisasikan pelanggaran moral dan kesusilaan publik di internet akan membantu pembuat undang-undang memahami kekuatan dan kekurangan masalah tindak kriminal. Tindakan pelaku melanggar prinsip dasar kebebasan, dan merupakan tindakan keji, dan harus digunakan cara ekstrem untuk mencegah dan membatasi pelaku tindak kejahatan. Pelaku melakukan kejahatan dengan cara menjebak korbannya dengan menggunakan peralatan kejahatan seperti komputer, ponsel, dan internet. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan empiris. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kejahatan dunia maya melibatkan pelaku yang memperoleh keuntungan materi dari pelanggaran melalui platform media sosial seperti Facebook, Instagram, dan Telegram. Penyimpangan pelaku terkait dunia maya dapat diatasi dengan menerapkan tindakan pencegahan terpadu berdasarkan taktik situasional, pengembangan, dan kontrol sosial. Selain memberikan pendidikan dan informasi yang diperlukan.Kata Kunci: Etika; Kesucian; Dunia Maya; Kriminologi
将互联网上违反公共道德和道德的行为定为刑事犯罪，将有助于立法者了解犯罪问题的优缺点。犯罪者的行为违反了自由的基本原则，是一种令人发指的行为，必须采取极端手段来防止和限制犯罪者的犯罪行为。犯罪者利用电脑、手机和互联网等犯罪设备诱骗受害者实施犯罪。本研究采用定性研究与实证研究相结合的方法。研究结果表明，网络犯罪涉及通过Facebook、Instagram和Telegram等社交媒体平台从违法行为中获得物质利益的犯罪者。与网络空间相关的违法者可以通过基于态势战术、发展和社会控制的综合对策来克服。除了提供必要的教育和信息。关键词:伦理;贞洁;网络空间;犯罪学Penyelidikan Kejahatan Terhadap Kesusilaan Dan Kesusilaan Umum Di Dunia Dari犯罪学摘要:mengkriminalisasikan pelanggaran moral Dan Kesusilaan publiclik Di internet akan membantu pembuat undang undang memahami kekuatan Dan kekurangan masalah tindak criminal。我的女儿，我的女儿，我的女儿，我的女儿，我的女儿，我的女儿，我的女儿，我的女儿，我的女儿。Pelaku melakukan kejahatan dengan cara menjebak korbannya dengan menggunakan peralatan kejahatan perperti computer, ponsel, dan internet。Penelitian ini menggunakan方法Penelitian质性dendenan Penelitian经验。Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kejahatan dunia maya melibatkan pelaku yang memperoleh keuntunan materi dari pelanggaran melalui平台媒体社交网站Facebook, Instagram, dan Telegram。Penyimpangan pelaku terkait dunia maya dapat diatasi dengan menerapkan tindakan penegahan terpadu berdasarkan taktik situation, pengembangan, dan control social。赛门铁克会员和信息员杨迪佩卢坎。Kata Kunci: Etika;Kesucian;杜尼娅玛雅;Kriminologi
{"title":"Investigating Crimes against Public Morality and Decency in Cyberspace from The Perspective of Criminology","authors":"Saeed Mardani, Mahmoud Bavi, Seyyed Bassem Mavallyzadeh","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i1.24224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i1.24224","url":null,"abstract":"Criminalizing violations of public morals and morals on the internet will help lawmakers understand the strengths and weaknesses of the criminal problem. The act of the perpetrator violates the basic principle of freedom, and is a heinous act, and extreme means must be used to prevent and limit the perpetrator of the crime. Perpetrators commit crimes by trapping their victims using crime equipment such as computers, cell phones, and the internet. This study uses a qualitative research method with an empirical approach. The results of the study state that cybercrimes involve perpetrators who gain material benefits from violations through social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Telegram. Violation of perpetrators related to cyberspace can be overcome by implementing integrated countermeasures based on situational tactics, development, and social control. In addition to providing the necessary education and information.Keywords: Ethics; Chastity; Cyberspace; Criminology Penyelidikan Kejahatan Terhadap Kesusilaan Dan Kesusilaan Umum Di Dunia Maya Dari Perspektif Kriminologi AbstrakMengkriminalisasikan pelanggaran moral dan kesusilaan publik di internet akan membantu pembuat undang-undang memahami kekuatan dan kekurangan masalah tindak kriminal. Tindakan pelaku melanggar prinsip dasar kebebasan, dan merupakan tindakan keji, dan harus digunakan cara ekstrem untuk mencegah dan membatasi pelaku tindak kejahatan. Pelaku melakukan kejahatan dengan cara menjebak korbannya dengan menggunakan peralatan kejahatan seperti komputer, ponsel, dan internet. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan empiris. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kejahatan dunia maya melibatkan pelaku yang memperoleh keuntungan materi dari pelanggaran melalui platform media sosial seperti Facebook, Instagram, dan Telegram. Penyimpangan pelaku terkait dunia maya dapat diatasi dengan menerapkan tindakan pencegahan terpadu berdasarkan taktik situasional, pengembangan, dan kontrol sosial. Selain memberikan pendidikan dan informasi yang diperlukan.Kata Kunci: Etika; Kesucian; Dunia Maya; Kriminologi","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44064325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.25807
Rozalina Vasilevna Shagieva, Rohim Nur
After the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, there was a shift in the authority and position of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia. Previously the MPR was the highest state institution, but after that it was only a high institution like other high state institutions. The position of the MPR when compared to the world parliament model, is similar to the Russian Federal Assembly or the Congress in the United States which is a joint institution between the upper house and lower house. But uniquely the MPR is different, it is not only a joint institution, but has the authority with its own duties and functions. This study uses a qualitative method, with a statutory and literature approach. The results of the study stated that there were several shifts in the authority and position of the MPR after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution. Among them were no longer being the highest state institution, only being a joint institution while still having its own duties and functions, not authorized to form the Outlines of State Policy, no longer authorized elect the president and vice president, and rigid authority to dismiss the president and vice president.Keywords: People's Consultative Assembly; Authority; position; The 1945 Constitution. Abstrak:Pasca perubahan Konstitusi UUD 1945 maka terjadi pergeseran kewenangan dan kedudukan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. Sebelumnya MPR menjadi lembaga tertinggi negara namun setelahnya ia hanyalah lembaga tinggi sebagaimana lembaga tinggi negara lainnya. Kedudukan MPR bila dibandingkan dengan model parlemen dunia, mirip dengan Majelis Federal Rusia atau Konggres di Amerika Serika yang menjadi lembaga gabungan antara majelis tinggi dan majelis rendah. Namun uniknya MPR berbeda, ia tidak hanya menjadi lembaga gabungan, tetapi memiliki kewenangan dengan tugas dan fungsi tersendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan literature. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terjadi beberapa pergeseran wewenang dan kedudukan MPR pasca perubahan UUD 1945. Diantaranya adalah tidak lagi menjadi lembaga tertinggi negara, hanya menjadi lembaga gabungan dengan tetap memilik tugas dan fungsi tersendiri, tidak berwenang membentuk Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara, tidak lagi berwenang memilih presiden dan wakil presiden, dan kewenangan rigid dalam memberhentikan presiden dan wakil presiden.Kata Kunci: Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat; Kewenangan; Kedudukan; Konstitusi UUD 1945.
{"title":"Изменения полномочий и положения Народного консультативного конгресса после внесения поправок в Конституцию Республики Индонезии (Shifting Authority and Position of the People's Consultative Assembly after the Amendment to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia)","authors":"Rozalina Vasilevna Shagieva, Rohim Nur","doi":"10.15408/jch.v10i1.25807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v10i1.25807","url":null,"abstract":"After the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, there was a shift in the authority and position of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia. Previously the MPR was the highest state institution, but after that it was only a high institution like other high state institutions. The position of the MPR when compared to the world parliament model, is similar to the Russian Federal Assembly or the Congress in the United States which is a joint institution between the upper house and lower house. But uniquely the MPR is different, it is not only a joint institution, but has the authority with its own duties and functions. This study uses a qualitative method, with a statutory and literature approach. The results of the study stated that there were several shifts in the authority and position of the MPR after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution. Among them were no longer being the highest state institution, only being a joint institution while still having its own duties and functions, not authorized to form the Outlines of State Policy, no longer authorized elect the president and vice president, and rigid authority to dismiss the president and vice president.Keywords: People's Consultative Assembly; Authority; position; The 1945 Constitution. Abstrak:Pasca perubahan Konstitusi UUD 1945 maka terjadi pergeseran kewenangan dan kedudukan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. Sebelumnya MPR menjadi lembaga tertinggi negara namun setelahnya ia hanyalah lembaga tinggi sebagaimana lembaga tinggi negara lainnya. Kedudukan MPR bila dibandingkan dengan model parlemen dunia, mirip dengan Majelis Federal Rusia atau Konggres di Amerika Serika yang menjadi lembaga gabungan antara majelis tinggi dan majelis rendah. Namun uniknya MPR berbeda, ia tidak hanya menjadi lembaga gabungan, tetapi memiliki kewenangan dengan tugas dan fungsi tersendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan literature. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terjadi beberapa pergeseran wewenang dan kedudukan MPR pasca perubahan UUD 1945. Diantaranya adalah tidak lagi menjadi lembaga tertinggi negara, hanya menjadi lembaga gabungan dengan tetap memilik tugas dan fungsi tersendiri, tidak berwenang membentuk Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara, tidak lagi berwenang memilih presiden dan wakil presiden, dan kewenangan rigid dalam memberhentikan presiden dan wakil presiden.Kata Kunci: Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat; Kewenangan; Kedudukan; Konstitusi UUD 1945. ","PeriodicalId":53726,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Cita Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45959490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.25808
Yevhen Leheza, Iryna Yerko, V. Kolomiichuk, Mariia Lisniak
The purpose of the research the research is devoted to the coverage of international legal acts andstandards in European and international practice for the provision of public services as a direction of reforming legal education in Ukraine. Methodology. Review of materials and methods is performed on the basis of analyzing documentary materials on regulation of the service legal relations. Conclusions. The directions of improving domestic legislation on the provision of public services taking into account international legal standards are proposed: the development of the theory of public services, which consists in consolidating conceptual and categorical provisions in the Concept of public services, principles of public services, quality criteria for the provision of public services, and the like; unification of the legal regulation of administrative procedures by adopting the Administrative Procedure Code of Ukraine, which would clearly disclose the issue of providing public services; fixing in the legal acts the types of legal guarantees to ensure the legality of the provision of public services: monitoring the activities of public administration entities on the provision of public services; holding public servants accountable for refusing to provide a certain type of public service; bringing into line with European experience the requirements for adoption, amendment, cancellation and the possibility of appealing individual administrative acts that are the results of the provision of public services; decentralization of power, which consists in justifying an increase in the powers of local authorities in comparison with public authorities.Keywords: Accessibility; Rights; Transparency; Service; Service Relations; Services Peraturan Hukum Internasional Dan Administratif-Pidana Hubungan Layanan Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian penelitian ini dikhususkan untuk cakupan tindakan hukum internasional dan standar dalam praktek Eropa dan internasional untuk penyediaan layanan publik sebagai arah reformasi pendidikan hukum di Ukraina. Metodologi. Kajian bahan dan metode dilakukan atas dasar analisis bahan dokumenter tentang pengaturan hubungan hukum pelayanan. Kesimpulan. Arahan perbaikan legislasi domestik tentang penyediaan layanan publik dengan mempertimbangkan standar hukum internasional diusulkan: pengembangan teori layanan publik, yang terdiri dari konsolidasi ketentuan konseptual dan kategoris dalam Konsep layanan publik, prinsip-prinsip layanan publik, kriteria mutu penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik, dan sejenisnya; penyatuan peraturan hukum prosedur administrasi dengan mengadopsi Kode Prosedur Administratif Ukraina, yang dengan jelas akan mengungkapkan masalah penyediaan layanan publik; penetapan dalam perbuatan hukum jenis-jenis jaminan hukum untuk menjamin legalitas penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik: pemantauan kegiatan badan administrasi publik dalam penyediaan pelayanan publik; meminta pertanggungjawaban pegawai negeri karena menolak memberikan j
研究的目的该研究致力于涵盖欧洲和国际实践中提供公共服务的国际法律行为和标准，作为改革乌克兰法律教育的方向。方法。在分析服务法律关系调整的文书材料的基础上，对材料和方法进行审查。结论。在考虑到国际法律标准的情况下，提出了改进关于提供公共服务的国内立法的方向:发展公共服务理论，其中包括巩固公共服务概念、公共服务原则、提供公共服务的质量标准等方面的概念性和分类性规定;统一行政程序的法律规定，通过《乌克兰行政程序法典》，明确披露提供公共服务的问题;在法律行为中确定法律保障的类型，以确保提供公共服务的合法性:监督公共行政实体在提供公共服务方面的活动;对拒绝提供某种公共服务的公务员追究责任;使作为提供公共服务的结果的个别行政行为的通过、修正、取消的要求和上诉的可能性符合欧洲的经验;权力下放，这包括证明地方当局的权力比公共当局的权力有所增加。关键词:可访问性;权利;透明度;服务;服务关系;服务印尼国家行政管理局(印尼国家行政管理局)图胡安penelitian penelitian ini dikhususkan untuk cakupan tindakan hukum国际标准，dalam praktek欧洲，国际untuk penyediaan和layanan公共，sebagai arah reformasi pendidikan hukum在乌克兰。Metodologi。Kajian bahan丹metode dilakukan ata dasar分析bahan dokumenter tentang pengaturan hubungan hukum pelayanan。Kesimpulan。阿拉善立法机关国内立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关、立法机关的立法机关。乌克兰人民检察院，乌克兰人民检察院，乌克兰人民检察院，乌克兰人民检察院，乌克兰人民检察院;Penetapan dalam perbuatan hukum jenis-jenis jaminan hukan untuk menjanalitas penyelenggaraan pelayanan public: pentanauan kegiatan badan administrative publicas dalam penyedian and pelayanan public;Meminta pertanggungjawaban pegawai negeri karenmenolak成员jenis layanan public tentenu;行政长官，行政长官，行政长官，行政长官，行政长官，行政长官，行政长官，行政长官，行政长官Desentralisasi kekuasaan, Yang terdiri dari penbenaran peningkatan kekuasaan otoritas local dibandingkan dengan otoritas public。Kata kunci: aksesibilitas, hak, transsparansi, layanan, hubungan layanan, layanan。Международно——ПравовоеИАдминистративно——УголовноеРегулированиеСервисныхПравоотношенийАннотация。Цельисследованияисследованиепосвященоосвещениюмеждународн——поравовыхактовистандартоввевропейскойимеждународнойпрактикесервисныхправоотношенийкакнаправленияреформированияюридическогообразованиявУкраине。Методология。Обзорматериаловиметодиквыполненнаосновеанализадокументальныхматериаловпорегулированиюсервисныхправоотношений。Выводы。 根据国际法律规则，拟订了改善国内服务法的方针:发展公共服务理论，将公共服务概念、公共服务原则、公共服务质量标准等明确规定为公共服务概念;通过通过《乌克兰行政诉讼法》明确说明提供公共服务的问题来统一行政程序的法律监管;将公共服务提供合法性的法律保障纳入法律行动:监督公共服务管理人员的活动;因拒绝提供某些公共服务而追究公务员的责任;符合欧洲接受、修改、取消和上诉某些行政行为的经验，这些行为是公共服务的结果;权力下放的理由是增加地方政府的权力，而不是政府的权力。关键词:可用性、权利、透明度、服务、服务、服务、服务、服务。
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