AI enters more and more spheres of personal and public life, the topic becomes the object of much discussion. The expanding possibilities of these technologies give rise to the need to introduce ethical and legal regulation in order to control them. Hence the question arises as to how far a system can be considered an autonomous entity, similar to the individual possessing this capability. This article examines the question of whether a system with artificial intelligence can be considered a subject in ethical and legal aspect. The aim is to demonstrate the difference between human thinking and behaviour and the activities performed by AI systems in order to outline a framework with ethical and legal norms governing the creation and use of AI. By applying a multidisciplinary approach combining the analysis of philosophical and legal notions of the subject, concepts such as intellect, autonomy, moral and legal responsibility are explored. The conclusion is that no matter how developed these systems are, they cannot be defined as subjects because they cannot perform fully conscious acts and cannot be held morally or legally responsible.
{"title":"Ethical and Legal Problems Related to Subjectivity and Artificial Intelligence]","authors":"V. Slavova, D. Dimitrova","doi":"10.53656/phil2023-02-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-02-05","url":null,"abstract":"AI enters more and more spheres of personal and public life, the topic becomes the object of much discussion. The expanding possibilities of these technologies give rise to the need to introduce ethical and legal regulation in order to control them. Hence the question arises as to how far a system can be considered an autonomous entity, similar to the individual possessing this capability. This article examines the question of whether a system with artificial intelligence can be considered a subject in ethical and legal aspect. The aim is to demonstrate the difference between human thinking and behaviour and the activities performed by AI systems in order to outline a framework with ethical and legal norms governing the creation and use of AI. By applying a multidisciplinary approach combining the analysis of philosophical and legal notions of the subject, concepts such as intellect, autonomy, moral and legal responsibility are explored. The conclusion is that no matter how developed these systems are, they cannot be defined as subjects because they cannot perform fully conscious acts and cannot be held morally or legally responsible.","PeriodicalId":53786,"journal":{"name":"Filosofiya-Philosophy","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76423488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The book consists of an Introduction, Three Parts (Part One “Lifetime and Society's Suffering: A Sociology of Generativity”; Part Two “The Generative World: Perspectives on Genetic Phenomenology” and Part Three “Promulgation of Generative Time: Towards a Phenomenological Critique of Biocapitalism”) and Epilogue. As the exhibition progresses, there is an increasing relevance of the subject of research, reaching a socio-analytical and critical review of fully presented events in contemporary times such as the global pandemic caused by COVID-19 (2020 – 2022) and the war in Ukraine (2022 – 2023). Special emphasis in the review are the socalled “aporias” of the category of property when it is applied to one's own body. They are the subject of exposition in Chapter Seven, entitled “Biocapitalism and the World of Life”.
{"title":"Overlivings and the complexity of the lives we live","authors":"Stoyan Stavru","doi":"10.53656/phil2023-02-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-02-09","url":null,"abstract":"The book consists of an Introduction, Three Parts (Part One “Lifetime and Society's Suffering: A Sociology of Generativity”; Part Two “The Generative World: Perspectives on Genetic Phenomenology” and Part Three “Promulgation of Generative Time: Towards a Phenomenological Critique of Biocapitalism”) and Epilogue. As the exhibition progresses, there is an increasing relevance of the subject of research, reaching a socio-analytical and critical review of fully presented events in contemporary times such as the global pandemic caused by COVID-19 (2020 – 2022) and the war in Ukraine (2022 – 2023). Special emphasis in the review are the socalled “aporias” of the category of property when it is applied to one's own body. They are the subject of exposition in Chapter Seven, entitled “Biocapitalism and the World of Life”.","PeriodicalId":53786,"journal":{"name":"Filosofiya-Philosophy","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73742069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reflections on individual and collective experience are a valuable source of knowledge. The jubilee collection “Philosophers 1981. 40 years later. Continuing Storiesˮ presents one of the most emblematic classes in the history of the Faculty of Philosophy of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridskiˮ. The collection synthesizes the collective image and mentality of a distinctive generation of philosophers ‒ “active, successful and memorable personalitiesˮ.
{"title":"Emblematic Philosophical Class of Sofia University 40 years later","authors":"Tsvetan Davidkov","doi":"10.53656/phil2023-02-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-02-08","url":null,"abstract":"Reflections on individual and collective experience are a valuable source of knowledge. The jubilee collection “Philosophers 1981. 40 years later. Continuing Storiesˮ presents one of the most emblematic classes in the history of the Faculty of Philosophy of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridskiˮ. The collection synthesizes the collective image and mentality of a distinctive generation of philosophers ‒ “active, successful and memorable personalitiesˮ.","PeriodicalId":53786,"journal":{"name":"Filosofiya-Philosophy","volume":"348 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84858648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aim is to compare the different policies regarding women in sports and their criticism from the so-called “sporting feminismˮ. In sports, as a miniature world, we can clearly see the inconsistencies between political goals and the philosophical theories behind them. The study traces chronologically the emergence of different feminist views that emerged in response to existing policies policies purporting to be pro-women.. There are polices for the inclusion of women in the so-called “maleˮ professions, and in sports as well. But this inclusion is reduced to carrying out hard and low-paid activities, often excluding women from being able to make independent decisions in their own professional environment. Through the methods of the philosophy of sport, which is an interdisciplinary direction, the article looks for problems, benefits and opportunities regarding the better realization of female athletes.
{"title":"Sporting Feminism: Challenges to Philosophy of Gender","authors":"B. Angelova-Igova","doi":"10.53656/phil2023-02-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-02-04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aim is to compare the different policies regarding women in sports and their criticism from the so-called “sporting feminismˮ. In sports, as a miniature world, we can clearly see the inconsistencies between political goals and the philosophical theories behind them. The study traces chronologically the emergence of different feminist views that emerged in response to existing policies policies purporting to be pro-women.. There are polices for the inclusion of women in the so-called “maleˮ professions, and in sports as well. But this inclusion is reduced to carrying out hard and low-paid activities, often excluding women from being able to make independent decisions in their own professional environment. Through the methods of the philosophy of sport, which is an interdisciplinary direction, the article looks for problems, benefits and opportunities regarding the better realization of female athletes.","PeriodicalId":53786,"journal":{"name":"Filosofiya-Philosophy","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81412384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The post-global is a synthetic project of being with existential vectors. It concerns the essence of human existence. It is here a priori theorized, traced transcendentally, and ontologized in the necessary unity of human experience. The post-global is a cyclical relative ontologem, a transition from a global age to an age that does not have yet a clarified being-generating essence. It represents the immanent decay of a certain age. In this case: the collapse of the ontology of the spirit. That is why ideologies are extant in it above all. The post-global is a permanent dynamic between a passing type of globalism, the current decline and an absent to-be, which, however, has an inter-epochal scale. It is marked by retrograde forces and influences. The post-global does not and cannot have its own name. Therefore, it is a gap in which only alienation reigns. Kant’s transcendental project, developed in a non-conservative formal-rational perspective, offers a possibility of an ontological balancing of the post-global in an existential horizon.
{"title":"The Transcendental Entrance into the Post-Global","authors":"Valentin Kanawrow","doi":"10.53656/phil2023-02-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-02-01","url":null,"abstract":"The post-global is a synthetic project of being with existential vectors. It concerns the essence of human existence. It is here a priori theorized, traced transcendentally, and ontologized in the necessary unity of human experience. The post-global is a cyclical relative ontologem, a transition from a global age to an age that does not have yet a clarified being-generating essence. It represents the immanent decay of a certain age. In this case: the collapse of the ontology of the spirit. That is why ideologies are extant in it above all. The post-global is a permanent dynamic between a passing type of globalism, the current decline and an absent to-be, which, however, has an inter-epochal scale. It is marked by retrograde forces and influences. The post-global does not and cannot have its own name. Therefore, it is a gap in which only alienation reigns. Kant’s transcendental project, developed in a non-conservative formal-rational perspective, offers a possibility of an ontological balancing of the post-global in an existential horizon.","PeriodicalId":53786,"journal":{"name":"Filosofiya-Philosophy","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80865498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our paper is a comparative analysis of Alexander Dugin's The Fourth Way and Karl Popper's The Open Society. Both works of the two thinkers are viewed as completely concrete (and real) conceptual frameworks, offering two radically different models of perception of the world, the individual and community relations, of the international relations. Our analysis takes into consideration both the internal, that is the “intimate enemies of democracy”, and the new (old) enemies of the open society that “relapse” through the Fourth Way. Our theoretical research is focused on the parallel between the negative starting premises for the functioning of the Open Society – historicism, utopian social engineering, collectivism and chieftainism – studied in relation to the same principles, which, respectively, are the foundation of the Fourth Political Theory. The article also considers another important problem: the thesis, that the internal, autoimmune diseases of the Open Society, are in fact the preconditions, on which the doctrines of its external opponents are based.
{"title":"On Open Society's Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"Nikolay Tsenkov","doi":"10.53656/phil2023-02-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-02-03","url":null,"abstract":"Our paper is a comparative analysis of Alexander Dugin's The Fourth Way and Karl Popper's The Open Society. Both works of the two thinkers are viewed as completely concrete (and real) conceptual frameworks, offering two radically different models of perception of the world, the individual and community relations, of the international relations. Our analysis takes into consideration both the internal, that is the “intimate enemies of democracy”, and the new (old) enemies of the open society that “relapse” through the Fourth Way. Our theoretical research is focused on the parallel between the negative starting premises for the functioning of the Open Society – historicism, utopian social engineering, collectivism and chieftainism – studied in relation to the same principles, which, respectively, are the foundation of the Fourth Political Theory. The article also considers another important problem: the thesis, that the internal, autoimmune diseases of the Open Society, are in fact the preconditions, on which the doctrines of its external opponents are based.","PeriodicalId":53786,"journal":{"name":"Filosofiya-Philosophy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79560098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I present the concept of creative art as a junction of the fundamental situations that make of art – art. I shed light on the concept through connecting creation, as an impulse corresponding to the concept of φύσις, to art, as a frame corresponding to νόμος and the human form. I demonstrate that the concept, as much as it presupposes a depth ontology (possible as a metaphysically reflected ontology) speaks of categorical dyads, such as those of inner and outer, and immaterial and material. The later I consider as already grasped by the metaphysics of antiquity, according to which I therefore clarify the historical situation of my attempt: the reflection of the continuation of the metaphysical tradition through the topic of art, considering how this tradition always pushed itself against the consideration of art in its metaphysical light.
{"title":"Introduction to a Depth Ontology of Art]","authors":"Nikifor Avramov","doi":"10.53656/phil2023-02-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-02-07","url":null,"abstract":"I present the concept of creative art as a junction of the fundamental situations that make of art – art. I shed light on the concept through connecting creation, as an impulse corresponding to the concept of φύσις, to art, as a frame corresponding to νόμος and the human form. I demonstrate that the concept, as much as it presupposes a depth ontology (possible as a metaphysically reflected ontology) speaks of categorical dyads, such as those of inner and outer, and immaterial and material. The later I consider as already grasped by the metaphysics of antiquity, according to which I therefore clarify the historical situation of my attempt: the reflection of the continuation of the metaphysical tradition through the topic of art, considering how this tradition always pushed itself against the consideration of art in its metaphysical light.","PeriodicalId":53786,"journal":{"name":"Filosofiya-Philosophy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82416195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yurii Kalynovskyi, V. Krotiuk, O. Savchenko, Roman Zorkin
The article deals with the socio-cultural nature of information and studies its role in increasing global turbulence. Based on the methodological grounds put forward by A. Toffler, S. Moscovici, N. Chomsky, R. Patzlaff, O. Aronson, dialectical and systemic methods, the authors argue that the infodemic roots in stereotypical thinking generated by mass culture, as well as informatization and computerization of social relations. Mass culture contributed to a decrease in the level of critical thinking and caused the so-called ‘clip consciousness’. The paper substantiates the idea that the infodemic became most evident during the coronavirus pandemic, and the spread of hybrid and information wars within the world scale. The infodemic organically correlates with the world of post-truth, where a person does not seek the truth but up-to-date information. The fact of whether the information is true or not in such a context becomes secondary to the cliché of the stereotypical consciousness of an individual, social group, or society as a whole.
{"title":"Socio-cultural Nature of the Infodemic and its Appearances under Global Turbulence","authors":"Yurii Kalynovskyi, V. Krotiuk, O. Savchenko, Roman Zorkin","doi":"10.53656/phil2023-02-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-02-02","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the socio-cultural nature of information and studies its role in increasing global turbulence. Based on the methodological grounds put forward by A. Toffler, S. Moscovici, N. Chomsky, R. Patzlaff, O. Aronson, dialectical and systemic methods, the authors argue that the infodemic roots in stereotypical thinking generated by mass culture, as well as informatization and computerization of social relations. Mass culture contributed to a decrease in the level of critical thinking and caused the so-called ‘clip consciousness’. The paper substantiates the idea that the infodemic became most evident during the coronavirus pandemic, and the spread of hybrid and information wars within the world scale. The infodemic organically correlates with the world of post-truth, where a person does not seek the truth but up-to-date information. The fact of whether the information is true or not in such a context becomes secondary to the cliché of the stereotypical consciousness of an individual, social group, or society as a whole.","PeriodicalId":53786,"journal":{"name":"Filosofiya-Philosophy","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90970639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper focuses on studying public attitudes toward science in Bulgaria and the role of political discourse in shaping public expectations and perceptions. The study's methodology includes an analysis of theoretical concepts and their empirical verification with data from a quantitative Eurobarometer survey (Special Eurobarometer 516) and a discourse analysis of the representation of the scientific sphere in the public debate. The Bulgarian social reality clearly shows a blurring of the role, nature, and participation of science in societal development, the imposition of populist societal expectations towards it, as well as political statements that abuse the reputation of the scientific sphere and its representatives.
{"title":"Political Practices and Mechanisms of Influence on Public Perceptions of Science","authors":"S. Alexandrova","doi":"10.53656/phil2023-01-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2023-01-03","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on studying public attitudes toward science in Bulgaria and the role of political discourse in shaping public expectations and perceptions. The study's methodology includes an analysis of theoretical concepts and their empirical verification with data from a quantitative Eurobarometer survey (Special Eurobarometer 516) and a discourse analysis of the representation of the scientific sphere in the public debate. The Bulgarian social reality clearly shows a blurring of the role, nature, and participation of science in societal development, the imposition of populist societal expectations towards it, as well as political statements that abuse the reputation of the scientific sphere and its representatives.","PeriodicalId":53786,"journal":{"name":"Filosofiya-Philosophy","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73356014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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