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IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677x.2019.1685731
Heikki Pihlajamäki, M. Dyson
We are delighted to present another exciting issue of Comparative Legal History, the official journal of the European Society for Comparative Legal History (ESCLH). In the first article, Shaunnagh Dorsett sheds light on judge Barron Field’s attempts to reform Gibraltar’s procedural law in the 1830s. Although the reform failed, its history tells a lot about the movement of ideas in the early-nineteenthcentury British Empire. The reader is left convinced of how useful it is do colonial legal history comparatively. Claudia Passarella’s article continues to delve into the history of procedural law. Passarella’s emphasis is on the relationship between professional judges and laypersons in criminal matters, which she approaches by comparing the decision-making procedures in Italy and Ireland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The author demonstrates how two countries with different legal traditions adopted different solutions when facing similar problems. In the third article of this issue, Thomas Mohr assesses the value of law journals as historical sources for the period between 1922 and 1939 after the partitioning of the island of Ireland. Law journals were not passive observers of the partitioning process. Instead, ‘having to cater for two diverging jurisdictions on the island of Ireland in place of one’, they ‘needed to engage with legal and constitutional developments within the wider Empire’. From the perspective of legal journals, Mohr also provides a comparative analysis of this process of adaptation. As always, the reviews section contains an interesting selection of reviews on recent books. We wish our readers inspiring moments with this issue of Comparative Legal History!
我们很高兴向您介绍另一期激动人心的《比较法律史》,这是欧洲比较法律史学会(ESCLH)的官方期刊。在第一篇文章中,Shaunnah Dorsett阐述了法官Barron Field在19世纪30年代试图改革直布罗陀的诉讼法。虽然改革失败了,但它的历史告诉了许多关于20世纪初大英帝国思想运动的信息。读者相信,与殖民地法律史相比,它是多么有用。克劳迪娅·帕萨雷拉的文章继续深入探讨程序法的历史。帕萨雷拉的重点是刑事事务中专业法官和非专业人员之间的关系,她通过比较19世纪末和20世纪初意大利和爱尔兰的决策程序来处理这一关系。作者展示了两个法律传统不同的国家在面临类似问题时如何采取不同的解决方案。在本期的第三篇文章中,托马斯·莫尔评估了1922年至1939年爱尔兰岛分裂后法律期刊作为历史来源的价值。法律期刊并不是分割过程的被动观察者。相反,“必须照顾爱尔兰岛上两个不同的司法管辖区,而不是一个”,他们“需要参与更广泛的帝国内部的法律和宪法发展”。莫尔还从法律期刊的角度对这一改编过程进行了比较分析。和往常一样,评论部分包含了一系列有趣的新书评论。我们希望我们的读者在这期《比较法律史》中有鼓舞人心的时刻!
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引用次数: 0
Procedural reform in the nineteenth century British Empire: the failure of Barron Field in Gibraltar 十九世纪大英帝国的程序改革:直布罗陀巴伦球场的失败
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677X.2019.1682334
S. Dorsett
In 1831 Barron Field, first judge of the new Supreme Court of Gibraltar, drafted rules for his new court. Field was one of a cohort of colonial judges in this period who were encouraged by the Colonial Office to undertake significant reforms to civil procedure. In the main, this produced innovation, leading to reforms not yet possible in England. Field’s reforms were judged an exception. He was the only judge in this period whose reforms were not accepted by the Colonial Office. However, his failure gives insight into the kinds of improvements that the Colonial Office hoped to achieve, and hence into the project of nineteenth-century procedural reform more broadly. Moreover, tracing the filiations of Field’s reforms potentially enables us to follow the movement of procedural forms between colonies administering civil law and common law, providing a means though which to bring reforms in these systems into a single field.
1831年,新直布罗陀最高法院的第一位法官巴伦·菲尔德起草了新法院的规则。菲尔德是这一时期的一批殖民地法官之一,他们受到殖民地办公室的鼓励,对民事诉讼程序进行了重大改革。总的来说,这产生了创新,导致了英国尚不可能进行的改革。菲尔德的改革被认为是个例外。他是这一时期唯一一位改革未被殖民地办公室接受的法官。然而,他的失败让人们深入了解了殖民地办公室希望实现的各种改进,从而更广泛地了解了19世纪的程序改革项目。此外,追踪菲尔德改革的分支机构可能使我们能够跟踪殖民地管理民法和普通法之间的程序形式的变化,从而提供一种将这些制度的改革纳入单一领域的手段。
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引用次数: 1
Law journals and Irish history, 1922–1939 法律期刊和爱尔兰历史,1922–1939
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677x.2019.1685264
Thomas Mohr
This article assesses the value of law journals as historical sources for the period in Irish history between 1922 and 1939 that do not always receive the attention that they deserve from historians and political scientists. The article examines the utility of Irish law journals, and a number of important non-Irish law journals, as sources of analysis for the difficult relationship between the Irish Free State and Dominion status, the gradual dismantling of the 1921 Anglo Irish Treaty settlement and the impact of partition on the Irish Free State and on Northern Ireland. The perspective of law journals on these related developments is of particular interest because these journals, in contrast to contemporary newspapers, often spanned the traditional nationalist/unionist divide in Irish politics. Yet, law journals were not passive observers of this process and were themselves profoundly affected by historical developments in this period.
本文评估了法律期刊作为1922年至1939年爱尔兰历史时期的历史来源的价值,这些期刊并不总是得到历史学家和政治学家应有的关注。本文考察了爱尔兰法律期刊的用途,以及一些重要的非爱尔兰法律期刊,作为分析爱尔兰自由邦和自治领地位之间的困难关系的来源,1921年盎格鲁-爱尔兰条约解决方案的逐渐瓦解,以及分裂对爱尔兰自由邦和北爱尔兰的影响。法律期刊对这些相关发展的看法特别令人感兴趣,因为与当代报纸相比,这些期刊经常跨越爱尔兰政治中传统的民族主义/联合主义鸿沟。然而,法律期刊并不是这一过程的被动观察者,它们本身也受到这一时期历史发展的深刻影响。
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引用次数: 0
The juries’ wisdom in the administration of criminal justice: Irish jurisdiction and the Italian justice system in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries 陪审团在刑事司法管理中的智慧:19世纪末和20世纪初的爱尔兰司法和意大利司法系统
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677X.2019.1682329
C. Passarella
This article aims to investigate the relationship between professional judges and laypersons in criminal matters, with special reference to the decision-making procedure performed by the Irish system and the Italian system in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The paper focuses on judges’ and jurors’ duties both before and after the verdict. This field of research provides context for a careful consideration on some fundamental issues, such as the judges’ charges and their influence over the jury, the principle of reasonable doubt, the distinction between unanimous verdicts and verdicts by majority vote, and the consequences of a disagreement among jurors. A comparative approach reveals how two European countries with a distinctive legal tradition faced the same problems by adopting different solutions.
本文旨在调查刑事事务中专业法官和非专业人员之间的关系,特别是参考19世纪末和20世纪初爱尔兰制度和意大利制度执行的决策程序。本文着重论述了法官和陪审员在判决前后的职责。这一研究领域为仔细考虑一些基本问题提供了背景,例如法官的指控及其对陪审团的影响、合理怀疑原则、一致裁决和多数票裁决之间的区别,以及陪审员之间意见分歧的后果。比较法揭示了两个具有独特法律传统的欧洲国家如何通过采取不同的解决方案来面对同样的问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Art of Law: artistic representations and iconography of law and justice in context, from the middle ages to the first world war 法律艺术:从中世纪到第一次世界大战,法律与正义的艺术表现和图像
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677x.2019.1685750
J. Resnik
The ambitions of The Art of Law are substantial. The subtitle – ‘Artistic Representations and Iconography of Law and Justice in Context, from the Middle Ages to the First World War’ – makes plain the breadth of the aspirations. The editors brought together European legal historians, art historians and semioticians to explore the import of shared and overlapping visual traditions. The introduction explains that the book grew out of an art exhibition held in Bruges, the site of the extraordinary 1498 Gerard David painting of the Judgment of Cambyses, and discussed in Chapters Two and Seven. The story comes from the Historiae, written by Herodotus around 440 BCE and describing the rule of King Cambyses, said to have lived some hundred years earlier. According to Herodotus, upon learning that the judge, Sisamnes, was corrupt, Cambyses ordered him flayed alive. Thereafter, Cambyses appointed Otanes, the son of Sisamnes, to serve as a jurist and forced the son to preside on a seat made from the skin of his father. From the thirteenth century onward, versions of this narrative were reiterated in European compilations of classical stories and, by the seventeenth century, regularly portrayed in European town halls. Dozens of images exist, but the vividness of the Judgment of Cambyses by the Flemish artist David is noteworthy. Competing interpretations exist of both the Cambyses story and the reasons for its
《法律的艺术》的野心是巨大的。副标题是“中世纪到第一次世界大战背景下法律与正义的艺术表现和肖像”,这清楚地表明了作者的抱负之广。编辑们将欧洲法律史学家、艺术史学家和符号学家聚集在一起,探讨共享和重叠视觉传统的重要性。该书的引言解释说,该书源于在布鲁日举行的一次艺术展览,这里是1498年杰拉德·大卫(Gerard David)非凡的画作《冈比西斯的审判》(Judgment of cambses)的所在地,并在第二章和第七章中进行了讨论。这个故事出自希罗多德在公元前440年左右写的《历史》,描述了据说生活在几百年前的冈比西斯国王的统治。根据希罗多德的说法,冈比西斯在得知法官西塞姆尼斯腐败后,下令将他活活剥皮。此后,冈比西斯任命西塞姆尼斯的儿子奥坦尼斯担任法学家,并强迫儿子坐在用他父亲的皮肤制成的座位上。从13世纪开始,这种叙述的版本在欧洲的经典故事汇编中反复出现,到17世纪,在欧洲的市政厅中经常被描绘出来。虽然有几十幅图像,但佛兰德艺术家大卫的《冈比西斯的审判》的生动程度值得注意。对冈比西斯的故事及其原因存在着不同的解释
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引用次数: 0
Justice in a new world: negotiating legal intelligibility in British, Iberian, and Indigenous America 新世界的司法:协商英国、伊比利亚和美洲原住民的法律可理解性
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677x.2019.1685747
K. Tuori
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引用次数: 1
The laws and economics of confucianism: kinship and property in preindustrial China and England 儒学的法律与经济学:前工业时代中国与英国的亲属关系与财产
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677X.2019.1685748
R. Partain
The Laws and Economics of Confucianism: Kinship and Property in Preindustrial China and England is a book written by Taisu Zhang, who specialises in comparative legal history at Yale Law School. His research focus is on how China and the West diverged, both normative culturally and legally, and took different and independent routes of development. The book before us was first published in 2017, by Cambridge University Press; it soon went on to win several awards, such as the Presidents Award from the Social Science History Association, the Gaddis Smith Book Prize from the MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies, and in an earlier incarnation as a dissertation, it was the recipient of Yale University’s Arthur and Mary Wright Dissertation Prize and the American Society for Legal History’s Kathryn T. Preyer Award. The book itself is 308 pages in length, with effectively eight chapters. It also contains several very useful appendices; the archives list alone might be valuable enough to justify its purchase for some scholars.
《儒学的法律与经济学:工业化前中国与英国的亲属关系与财产》是耶鲁大学法学院专攻比较法律史的张太素所著。他的研究重点是中国和西方如何在文化和法律规范上产生分歧,走上不同而独立的发展道路。我们面前的这本书于2017年由剑桥大学出版社首次出版;它很快就赢得了几个奖项,比如社会科学历史协会的总统奖,麦克米伦国际和地区研究中心的加迪斯·史密斯图书奖,在早期的论文中,它是耶鲁大学亚瑟和玛丽·赖特论文奖和美国法律史学会的凯瑟琳·t·普莱尔奖的获得者。这本书本身有308页,实际上有8个章节。它还包含几个非常有用的附录;对一些学者来说,单是这份档案清单就足以证明购买它是合理的。
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引用次数: 0
Piracy and law in the Ottoman Mediterranean 奥斯曼地中海的海盗与法律
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677X.2019.1685746
Will Smiley
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引用次数: 0
Agape, justice, and law: how might Christian love shape law? 爱、公义和律法:基督徒的爱如何塑造律法?
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677X.2019.1685751
Jeffrey B. Hammond
enforce contracts and status relationships. The Art of Law edifies but also (and perhaps intentionally) leaves readers wanting more direction and analyses. The ever-present question is about what was put on view. Are we, twenty-first-century viewers, looking at decisions dictated by a governing legal body, or are these artefacts of artistic choice and (as some chapters suggest) whimsy? How are we to understand what the different spectators took to be the messages of the objects we look at now? Furthermore, how do we, living in a world awash with images, glimpse (a word chosen advisedly) the impact on those who looked at the images when put on display. What were the directives judges were supposed to take, for example, when assigned to rooms inscribed with the words ‘Judge ye, as ye shall be judged’? In sum, readers of this volume will learn a great deal about the history of iconography associated with law but less about the translocal political and social forces that render ‘Justice’ legible, that built impressive structures, and that pressed certain narratives into public consciousness. Furthermore, the haunting question addressed by some, but not all, of the authors remains: how to think about the continued legibility of much of this imagery, given that social movements have transformed adjudication into a practice embedded in democracies and, in many countries, have produced courthouses as an icon not only of adjudication but also of government more generally?
执行契约和状态关系。《法律的艺术》给读者带来启发,但也(也许是有意地)让读者想要更多的方向和分析。一直存在的问题是展出了什么。作为21世纪的观众,我们看到的是由一个权威的法律机构做出的决定,还是这些艺术品是艺术选择和(如某些章节所暗示的)奇思妙想?我们如何理解不同的观众把什么当作我们现在看到的物体的信息呢?此外,我们生活在一个充斥着图像的世界里,如何才能瞥见(一个精心挑选的词)这些图像在展出时对观看者的影响。例如,当法官被分配到写有“你们被审判,就像你们被审判”的房间时,他们应该采取什么指示?总而言之,本卷的读者将学到很多关于与法律相关的图像学的历史,但较少关于跨地方的政治和社会力量,使“正义”清晰,建立令人印象深刻的结构,并将某些叙述压入公众意识。此外,一些(但不是全部)作者提出了一个挥之不去的问题:考虑到社会运动已经将裁决转变为民主国家的一种实践,并且在许多国家,法院不仅成为裁决的象征,而且更普遍地成为政府的象征,如何看待这些意象的持续可读性?
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引用次数: 0
The clamor of lawyers: the American revolution and crisis in the legal profession 律师的喧嚣:美国革命与法律界的危机
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2049677x.2019.1685749
Sally E. Hadden
In conclusion, this is an excellent book that covers many areas of research deftly and provides both break-through insights and new fields of future research. It sets high standards for future researchers in this field. While it does not present conventional Law & Economics-based analysis of China’s legal culture, it provides a new approach to including economic and empirical analysis of those rules within a broader research project. As such, I hope it will inspire complementary research in other areas of China’s legal culture based on these approaches. Truly, on the Laws and Economics of China’s Legal Cultures.
总之,这是一本优秀的书,巧妙地涵盖了许多研究领域,为未来的研究提供了突破性的见解和新的领域。它为该领域未来的研究人员设定了高标准。虽然它没有提供传统的基于法律与经济学的中国法律文化分析,但它提供了一种新的方法,将这些规则的经济和实证分析纳入更广泛的研究项目中。因此,我希望它能启发基于这些方法的中国法律文化其他领域的互补研究。诚然,关于中国法律文化的法律与经济学。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Comparative Legal History
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