This treatment of the Levantine British, based on family diaries and consular reports, asks why a British colonial, Michael Barker, exiled from Egypt in 1956, continued to identify with the Alexandria locality. His last wish was to be buried in Alexandria. While the conventional image of the British colony is one shaped by ‘Orientalist’ descriptions of the ‘foreign’ as external to ‘Britishness’, the evidence suggests an enduring identification of members of the colony with the Levantine community of Alexandria. In conventional imperial discourses of the colonial era the ‘Levantine’ had negative connotations; it was a signifier of a loss of British identity and immersion into a culturally different, foreign category. Yet, the memoirs of Michael Barker, as well as consular reports on colonial institutions and the application of the Ottoman Capitulations, indicate that the boundaries of the colony were porous. Official policies insisted on a culturally distinct British identity; however, there are documented instances where the definition of ‘Britishness’ was widened to include the ‘Levantine’. The Levantine identification of Michael Barker had political ramifications, apparent in his family's decision to remain in Egypt when others emigrated out, to continue to invest in the Egyptian economy when others divested, to enable the emigration of Levantine British to British territories after Egyptian independence, and to cling to the remnants of symbols of belonging to Alexandria, the very last of which was the family tomb. That act memorialized colonial lives that stood in marked contrast to the ascendant narratives of nation and empire.
{"title":"The Levantine British: Defying Imperial Race Categories in Colonial Alexandria","authors":"James Whidden","doi":"10.3366/BRW.2019.0312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/BRW.2019.0312","url":null,"abstract":"This treatment of the Levantine British, based on family diaries and consular reports, asks why a British colonial, Michael Barker, exiled from Egypt in 1956, continued to identify with the Alexandria locality. His last wish was to be buried in Alexandria. While the conventional image of the British colony is one shaped by ‘Orientalist’ descriptions of the ‘foreign’ as external to ‘Britishness’, the evidence suggests an enduring identification of members of the colony with the Levantine community of Alexandria. In conventional imperial discourses of the colonial era the ‘Levantine’ had negative connotations; it was a signifier of a loss of British identity and immersion into a culturally different, foreign category. Yet, the memoirs of Michael Barker, as well as consular reports on colonial institutions and the application of the Ottoman Capitulations, indicate that the boundaries of the colony were porous. Official policies insisted on a culturally distinct British identity; however, there are documented instances where the definition of ‘Britishness’ was widened to include the ‘Levantine’. The Levantine identification of Michael Barker had political ramifications, apparent in his family's decision to remain in Egypt when others emigrated out, to continue to invest in the Egyptian economy when others divested, to enable the emigration of Levantine British to British territories after Egyptian independence, and to cling to the remnants of symbols of belonging to Alexandria, the very last of which was the family tomb. That act memorialized colonial lives that stood in marked contrast to the ascendant narratives of nation and empire.","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89115898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Andrew C. Rath, The Crimean War in Imperial Context, 1854–1856","authors":"David Brown","doi":"10.3366/BRW.2019.0315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/BRW.2019.0315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87065241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.3366/brw.2018.0295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2018.0295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73913323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.3366/brw.2018.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2018.0307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85083673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Michelle Tusan, The British Empire and the Armenian Genocide: Humanitarianism and Imperial Politics from Gladstone to Churchill","authors":"Leslie Rogne Schumacher","doi":"10.3366/brw.2018.0303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2018.0303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77668261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imperial Networks","authors":"J. Mackenzie","doi":"10.3366/brw.2018.0296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2018.0296","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80430371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates an intermediary period in the Cape colony when the largely unknown convergence of British social and industrial capital around coal mining occurred in the Stormberg Mountains of the North Eastern Cape. Within the context of a triangular nexus of mining and its two major clients, the diamond mines at Kimberley and the newly arrived Cape Government Railway, a social coalescence of mainly British immigrants arose in the town of Molteno, exhibiting an distinctly British Victorian culture. This paper also shows how the town became a colonial enclave on the remote periphery of the Cape Colony, utilising a racialised class system, and the ways in which the singularity of Victorian society was emphasised by two surrounding cultures which were alien to the British. After the South African War ended, one of these cultures had begun to take root within the town. When the coal mines were brought to an end by the erratic orders of the Cape Government Railway and its access to superior and cheaper coal from Lewis and Marks at Viljoensdrift in the ZAR and the greater economic pull of the Rand gold mines which diverted labour to the north, this ‘colonial moment’ in the Stormberg was over.
{"title":"Coal, Rail and Victorians in the South African Veld. The Convergence of Colonial Elites and Finance Capital in the Stormberg Mountains of the Eastern Cape, 1880–1910","authors":"P. Gibbs","doi":"10.3366/BRW.2018.0298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/BRW.2018.0298","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates an intermediary period in the Cape colony when the largely unknown convergence of British social and industrial capital around coal mining occurred in the Stormberg Mountains of the North Eastern Cape. Within the context of a triangular nexus of mining and its two major clients, the diamond mines at Kimberley and the newly arrived Cape Government Railway, a social coalescence of mainly British immigrants arose in the town of Molteno, exhibiting an distinctly British Victorian culture. This paper also shows how the town became a colonial enclave on the remote periphery of the Cape Colony, utilising a racialised class system, and the ways in which the singularity of Victorian society was emphasised by two surrounding cultures which were alien to the British. After the South African War ended, one of these cultures had begun to take root within the town. When the coal mines were brought to an end by the erratic orders of the Cape Government Railway and its access to superior and cheaper coal from Lewis and Marks at Viljoensdrift in the ZAR and the greater economic pull of the Rand gold mines which diverted labour to the north, this ‘colonial moment’ in the Stormberg was over.","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80519736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Britain's short-lived Province of Senegambia (1765–1783) was part of an expansion effort in the region driven by a desire to secure access to the gum trade of the Senegal river. Drawing on Britain's knowledge of France's dealings with the Upper-Senegal region it was complemented by the adoption of French cartography, edited to illustrate a new colonial identity. It is argued here that there was an additional motive of developing closer contact with the African interior. This pre-dates the establishment of the African Association in 1788 and its subsequent and better-known expeditions to the River Niger. In contrast to the French, however, the British struggled to engage with the region. This paper approaches the topic from a perspective of cartographic history. It highlights Thomas Jeffery's map of ‘Senegambia Proper’ (1768), copied from Jean Baptiste Bourguingnon d'Anville's ’Carte Particuliére de la Côte Occidentale de l'Afrique' (1751) and illustrative of several obstacles facing both British map-making and colonial expansion in mid-eighteenth century Africa. It is argued that the later enquiries and map-making activities of the African Association, which were hoped to lead to the colonisation of West Africa, built upon these experiences of failure in Senegambia.
英国短暂的塞内冈比亚省(1765-1783)是其在该地区扩张努力的一部分，目的是确保进入塞内加尔河的口香糖贸易。根据英国对法国与上塞内加尔地区的关系的了解，英国还采用了法国的地图，并对其进行了编辑，以说明新的殖民地身份。这里有人认为，与非洲内陆发展更密切联系还有另一个动机。这早于1788年非洲协会的成立，以及后来对尼日尔河的探险。然而，与法国人相比，英国人在与该地区的交往中遇到了困难。本文从地图学史的角度来探讨这一问题。它突出了托马斯·杰弗瑞(Thomas Jeffery)的“Senegambia Proper”地图(1768年)，该地图复制自让·巴普提斯特·布尔吉农·丹维尔(Jean Baptiste Bourguingnon d' anville)的“Carte particuli西方非洲(Côte Occidentale de l’africque)”(1751年)，并说明了英国地图制作和殖民扩张在18世纪中期非洲面临的几个障碍。有人认为，非洲协会后来的调查和地图制作活动是建立在塞内冈比亚的这些失败经验的基础上的，这些活动被希望导致西非的殖民化。
{"title":"Mapping Senegambia: Legacies of Ambition and the Failure of an Early Colonial Venture","authors":"Sven Outram-Leman","doi":"10.3366/brw.2018.0300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2018.0300","url":null,"abstract":"Britain's short-lived Province of Senegambia (1765–1783) was part of an expansion effort in the region driven by a desire to secure access to the gum trade of the Senegal river. Drawing on Britain's knowledge of France's dealings with the Upper-Senegal region it was complemented by the adoption of French cartography, edited to illustrate a new colonial identity. It is argued here that there was an additional motive of developing closer contact with the African interior. This pre-dates the establishment of the African Association in 1788 and its subsequent and better-known expeditions to the River Niger. In contrast to the French, however, the British struggled to engage with the region. This paper approaches the topic from a perspective of cartographic history. It highlights Thomas Jeffery's map of ‘Senegambia Proper’ (1768), copied from Jean Baptiste Bourguingnon d'Anville's ’Carte Particuliére de la Côte Occidentale de l'Afrique' (1751) and illustrative of several obstacles facing both British map-making and colonial expansion in mid-eighteenth century Africa. It is argued that the later enquiries and map-making activities of the African Association, which were hoped to lead to the colonisation of West Africa, built upon these experiences of failure in Senegambia.","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91093658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Andrekos Varnava, Serving the Empire in the Great War: The Cypriot Mule Corps, imperial loyalty and silenced memory","authors":"Antigone Heraclidou","doi":"10.3366/BRW.2018.0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/BRW.2018.0305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76078934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Benjamin Mountford, Britain, China, and Colonial Australia","authors":"Stan Neal","doi":"10.3366/BRW.2018.0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/BRW.2018.0302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90864362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：