In the search of world order after the Cold War, two conflicts were of particular significance. The first, in Kosovo in 1999, was fought to end the Serbian genocide of Kosovar Albanians. The second, in Iraq in 2003, was a war of choice ostensibly to remove the threat of Saddam Hussein's Iraqi regime and the weapons of mass destruction it supposedly held. Although distinct, these wars were joined as attempts by the United States governments of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, either side of the 9/11 attacks, to answer the questions of how, and for what purposes, the US should use its power, and what form of international order it should seek. One foreign leader, the British Prime Minister Tony Blair, sought to influence the Americans in answering these questions. As a result, the Anglo-American relationship was once again important in shaping the course of global affairs. Why and how the wars produced cooperation between two US presidents and Blair, and how ideas about international order featured, are the subjects of this article.
在冷战后寻求世界秩序的过程中，有两场冲突具有特别重要的意义。第一次发生在1999年的科索沃，是为了结束塞尔维亚人对科索沃阿尔巴尼亚人的种族灭绝。第二次是2003年的伊拉克战争，这是一场选择性战争，表面上是为了消除萨达姆•侯赛因(Saddam Hussein)政权的威胁，以及据称该政权拥有的大规模杀伤性武器。尽管这两场战争各不相同，但它们都是比尔•克林顿(Bill Clinton)和乔治•w•布什(George W. Bush)领导的美国政府(9/11袭击的双方)试图联合起来的，目的是回答美国应该如何以及为了什么目的使用其力量，以及它应该寻求何种形式的国际秩序。一位外国领导人，英国首相托尼·布莱尔，试图影响美国人回答这些问题。因此，英美关系在塑造全球事务进程方面再次发挥了重要作用。两场战争为何以及如何促成了两位美国总统与布莱尔之间的合作，以及有关国际秩序的理念是如何形成的，这些都是本文的主题。
{"title":"The Search for World Order and the Wars in Kosovo and Iraq","authors":"J. Ellison","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0357","url":null,"abstract":"In the search of world order after the Cold War, two conflicts were of particular significance. The first, in Kosovo in 1999, was fought to end the Serbian genocide of Kosovar Albanians. The second, in Iraq in 2003, was a war of choice ostensibly to remove the threat of Saddam Hussein's Iraqi regime and the weapons of mass destruction it supposedly held. Although distinct, these wars were joined as attempts by the United States governments of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, either side of the 9/11 attacks, to answer the questions of how, and for what purposes, the US should use its power, and what form of international order it should seek. One foreign leader, the British Prime Minister Tony Blair, sought to influence the Americans in answering these questions. As a result, the Anglo-American relationship was once again important in shaping the course of global affairs. Why and how the wars produced cooperation between two US presidents and Blair, and how ideas about international order featured, are the subjects of this article.","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75422081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the social impact of the First World War on the remote farming area of the Molteno District in the North Eastern Cape of South Africa from 1914 to 1919. It deals with the impact of the war on ideologies, political transition, race and health. Since its inception in 1874 as a coal mining town, Molteno had been dominated by British merchants, public servants and professional men who, given a variety of social, political, economic and cultural networks linking the colonies to the Empire, identified strongly with Britain. Similarly, many Afrikaner farmers in the region had also felt an affinity with the Empire, having experienced the material benefits of the spread of capitalism, communication networks and banking, the development of sheep farming and the discovery of diamonds. Contrary to much of the literature, the article suggests that many Afrikaners were alienated by the war rather than influenced by Hertzog's new Afrikaner Nationalist Party which in the end may have merely provided a home for alienated Afrikaners. It also attempts to examine the experience of blacks in the region who supported Britain's cause in the war contributing labour and even finance. Finally the so-called Spanish ‘Flu, which was cruelly brought home by demobbed soldiers, is analysed as an effect of the war.
{"title":"Empire, Dissidence and Disease. The Impact of the First World War on the Molteno District of the Eastern Cape, 1914–1919","authors":"P. Gibbs","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0347","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the social impact of the First World War on the remote farming area of the Molteno District in the North Eastern Cape of South Africa from 1914 to 1919. It deals with the impact of the war on ideologies, political transition, race and health. Since its inception in 1874 as a coal mining town, Molteno had been dominated by British merchants, public servants and professional men who, given a variety of social, political, economic and cultural networks linking the colonies to the Empire, identified strongly with Britain. Similarly, many Afrikaner farmers in the region had also felt an affinity with the Empire, having experienced the material benefits of the spread of capitalism, communication networks and banking, the development of sheep farming and the discovery of diamonds. Contrary to much of the literature, the article suggests that many Afrikaners were alienated by the war rather than influenced by Hertzog's new Afrikaner Nationalist Party which in the end may have merely provided a home for alienated Afrikaners. It also attempts to examine the experience of blacks in the region who supported Britain's cause in the war contributing labour and even finance. Finally the so-called Spanish ‘Flu, which was cruelly brought home by demobbed soldiers, is analysed as an effect of the war.","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"28 1","pages":"126-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86206764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stuart Ward and Astrid Rasch (eds), Embers of Empire in Brexit Britain","authors":"J. Griffiths","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80325063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability and Instability in Micro and Macro Contexts","authors":"J. Mackenzie","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80196767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Roger Jeffery (ed.), India in Edinburgh: 1750s to the Present","authors":"J. Mackenzie","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"10 1","pages":"189-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82046312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses the first three English ventures into the Red Sea from 1608–1614 under the auspices of the East India Company's fourth, sixth, and eighth voyages. These ventures experienced a...
{"title":"English Misadventures in the Red Sea and the Tangled Web of Jurisdiction, Sovereignty and Commerce in the Early Seventeenth Century","authors":"J. White","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0348","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the first three English ventures into the Red Sea from 1608–1614 under the auspices of the East India Company's fourth, sixth, and eighth voyages. These ventures experienced a...","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"20 1","pages":"149-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80168063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77639986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88008146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A. G. Hopkins, American Empire: A Global History","authors":"Alys Beverton","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"2015 1","pages":"90-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73633065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
British responses to the American Civil War were not straightforward, though the relevant historiography has tended to concentrate on a number of now quite familiar explanations. The reasons why Br...
{"title":"‘Our Brethren’: A British Version of Southern Separatist Ideology during the American Civil War","authors":"M. Turner","doi":"10.3366/brw.2020.0337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0337","url":null,"abstract":"British responses to the American Civil War were not straightforward, though the relevant historiography has tended to concentrate on a number of now quite familiar explanations. The reasons why Br...","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"54 1","pages":"47-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88886744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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