The accession of James VI, the Stewart (or Stuart) King of Scots, to the thrones of England and Ireland in 1603 renewed debates about ‘Britishness’. Many of the king’s attempts to popularise and codify his version of the concept were unsuccessful. His vision for closer political union between England and Scotland did not come to pass until 1707 and most historians attribute the formation of British identity to the eighteenth century. Most influentially, Linda Colley has argued that British identity was forged in the crucible of eighteenth-century empire-building as English, Scottish, and Welsh people lived, worked, and fought together across the globe in defence of shared values. English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish people and interests likewise coalesced in the pursuit of empire in the early seventeenth century. They cooperated in attempts to colonise Newfoundland and explicitly promoted the project as British. The Newfoundland example shows that James’ British vision had some success. This article examines the project’s ‘Britishness’ and argues that the 1603 union of the crowns’ role in the formation of British identity and its impact on overseas expansion requires additional attention.
{"title":"The First ‘British’ Colony in the Americas: Inter-kingdom Cooperation and Stuart-British Ideology in the Colonisation of Newfoundland, 1616–1640","authors":"Joseph Wagner","doi":"10.3366/brw.2022.0379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2022.0379","url":null,"abstract":"The accession of James VI, the Stewart (or Stuart) King of Scots, to the thrones of England and Ireland in 1603 renewed debates about ‘Britishness’. Many of the king’s attempts to popularise and codify his version of the concept were unsuccessful. His vision for closer political union between England and Scotland did not come to pass until 1707 and most historians attribute the formation of British identity to the eighteenth century. Most influentially, Linda Colley has argued that British identity was forged in the crucible of eighteenth-century empire-building as English, Scottish, and Welsh people lived, worked, and fought together across the globe in defence of shared values. English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish people and interests likewise coalesced in the pursuit of empire in the early seventeenth century. They cooperated in attempts to colonise Newfoundland and explicitly promoted the project as British. The Newfoundland example shows that James’ British vision had some success. This article examines the project’s ‘Britishness’ and argues that the 1603 union of the crowns’ role in the formation of British identity and its impact on overseas expansion requires additional attention.","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91369171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connections between Great Britain and the countries of the Arabian Gulf during the era of the Cold War and decolonisation have been the subject of close examination by historians in recent years. However, no historian has addressed with any profundity the cultural dimension of Britain's dealings with the Gulf states. The intent of this article is to confront this question and to show that cultural change in the Arabian Gulf was a major preoccupation of the UK government, particularly when it was associated with the expansion of education then unfolding across the region, most intensely in Kuwait. There was especial anxiety that Arab Nationalism and anti-Western sentiment were penetrating local societies and thus undermining an already precarious British influence in the region. The British Council was widely championed as the best instrument at Britain's disposal to counter this threat. It was envisaged that the Council would allow increased cultural contact between Arabs and Britons, offer an alternative vision of Britain to Gulf residents and provide an additional channel through which Britain could influence Gulf governments.
{"title":"Education, Culture and the British Position in the Arabian Gulf: Establishing the British Council in Kuwait, 1952–1955","authors":"G. Power","doi":"10.3366/brw.2022.0381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2022.0381","url":null,"abstract":"Connections between Great Britain and the countries of the Arabian Gulf during the era of the Cold War and decolonisation have been the subject of close examination by historians in recent years. However, no historian has addressed with any profundity the cultural dimension of Britain's dealings with the Gulf states. The intent of this article is to confront this question and to show that cultural change in the Arabian Gulf was a major preoccupation of the UK government, particularly when it was associated with the expansion of education then unfolding across the region, most intensely in Kuwait. There was especial anxiety that Arab Nationalism and anti-Western sentiment were penetrating local societies and thus undermining an already precarious British influence in the region. The British Council was widely championed as the best instrument at Britain's disposal to counter this threat. It was envisaged that the Council would allow increased cultural contact between Arabs and Britons, offer an alternative vision of Britain to Gulf residents and provide an additional channel through which Britain could influence Gulf governments.","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90722480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.3366/brw.2022.0386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2022.0386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90418913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focusses on a trip made by John Stapylton Grey Pemberton in 1887 to two major battle sites from the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Memorial Well Gardens, Kanpur, and the Residency ruins, Lucknow. Both sites, despite being present in a foreign country, were invented and transformed after the rebellion in acts of national remembrance as places of ‘Englishness’. The selection of Pemberton's accounts are intended to explore how colonial spaces entered the discourse on ‘Englishness’, and how English colonists attempted to manifest their cultural identities and discipline the identities of their subordinates. By deciding to multiply its locations of identity beyond its own shores, the British Empire ensured that England would lose sovereign command of its ‘own’ spaces of identity. Kanpur and Lucknow were sites where England's narrative of belonging was de-stabilized and recreated, altered further by colonial subjects like Pemberton who came into contact with them. The idea of an autonomous English colonial space, separate from that of the colonised, needs to be replaced with a more fluid and mobile English subject.
{"title":"Remaking “Englishness” and Place: John Stapylton Grey Pemberton's Nineteenth-century Accounts of the Indian Rebellion Sites at Kanpur and Lucknow","authors":"M. Beattie","doi":"10.3366/brw.2022.0380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2022.0380","url":null,"abstract":"This article focusses on a trip made by John Stapylton Grey Pemberton in 1887 to two major battle sites from the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Memorial Well Gardens, Kanpur, and the Residency ruins, Lucknow. Both sites, despite being present in a foreign country, were invented and transformed after the rebellion in acts of national remembrance as places of ‘Englishness’. The selection of Pemberton's accounts are intended to explore how colonial spaces entered the discourse on ‘Englishness’, and how English colonists attempted to manifest their cultural identities and discipline the identities of their subordinates. By deciding to multiply its locations of identity beyond its own shores, the British Empire ensured that England would lose sovereign command of its ‘own’ spaces of identity. Kanpur and Lucknow were sites where England's narrative of belonging was de-stabilized and recreated, altered further by colonial subjects like Pemberton who came into contact with them. The idea of an autonomous English colonial space, separate from that of the colonised, needs to be replaced with a more fluid and mobile English subject.","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75664321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zoë Laidlaw, Protecting the Empire's Humanity: Thomas Hodgkin and British Colonial Activism 1830–1870","authors":"Darren R. Reid","doi":"10.3366/brw.2022.0385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2022.0385","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75405100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hao Gao, Creating the Opium War: British Imperial Attitudes Towards China, 1792–1840","authors":"Qiuyang Chen","doi":"10.3366/brw.2022.0383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/brw.2022.0383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83105174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 6 July 1827 the Treaty of London committed France, Britain, and Russia to working together to mediate the question of Greek independence. This was one of the first examples of Franco-British coo...
{"title":"History and Foreign Policy: Franco-British Cooperation towards Greek Independence 1828–1830","authors":"R. Chin","doi":"10.3366/BRW.2021.0370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/BRW.2021.0370","url":null,"abstract":"On 6 July 1827 the Treaty of London committed France, Britain, and Russia to working together to mediate the question of Greek independence. This was one of the first examples of Franco-British coo...","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"2 1","pages":"151-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78898496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"David Kenrick, Decolonisation, Identity and Nation in Rhodesia, 1964–1979: A Race Against Time","authors":"Carl P. Watts","doi":"10.3366/BRW.2021.0376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/BRW.2021.0376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"34 1","pages":"195-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72934730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sharon Crozier-De Rosa, Shame and the Anti-Feminist Backlash: Britain, Ireland and Australia, 1890–1920","authors":"J. Shipe","doi":"10.3366/BRW.2021.0375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/BRW.2021.0375","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"109 1","pages":"193-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90854503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the contrasting evolution in sugar refining in Jamaica and Barbados incentivized by Mercantilist policies, changes in labor systems, and competition from foreign sugar reveali...
{"title":"Sugar Rush: Sugar and Science in the British Caribbean","authors":"Nicole A. Jacoberger","doi":"10.3366/BRW.2021.0369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/BRW.2021.0369","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the contrasting evolution in sugar refining in Jamaica and Barbados incentivized by Mercantilist policies, changes in labor systems, and competition from foreign sugar reveali...","PeriodicalId":53867,"journal":{"name":"Britain and the World","volume":"5 1","pages":"128-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88975087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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