Santiago Vásquez-Builes, Catalina Salazar-Duque, María P. Tieck-Fernández, Isabel C. Rojas-Gallego, G. A. Díaz-Silva
Drug-induced parkinsonism is the main cause of secondary parkinsonism in the world. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers are the most common drugs implicated in the parkinsonism. This is why psychiatrists and neurologists must have deep knowledge of the diverse aspects of these disorders, to take the best diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
{"title":"Drug-induced parkinsonism: what should a psychiatrist know?","authors":"Santiago Vásquez-Builes, Catalina Salazar-Duque, María P. Tieck-Fernández, Isabel C. Rojas-Gallego, G. A. Díaz-Silva","doi":"10.24875/rmn.20000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.20000010","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-induced parkinsonism is the main cause of secondary parkinsonism in the world. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers are the most common drugs implicated in the parkinsonism. This is why psychiatrists and neurologists must have deep knowledge of the diverse aspects of these disorders, to take the best diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41799264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Á. Sesar, G. Fernández-Pajarín, B. Ares, A. Castro
Identifying the advanced stage in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is crucial for shifting from conventional to device-aided therapies. The criteria to define the onset of advanced PD have been based on lengthy and disabling daily off-times, troublesome dyskinesia and complex therapeutic regimes, but have also included invalidating non-dopaminergic symptoms, such as dementia, falls or dysphagia. These last problems usually appear in a much later stage of the advanced PD. The key to the definition of advanced PD should be the lack of adequate PD control of both motor and non-motor dopaminergic symptoms. The patient’s judgment about the quality of their response to conventional therapy is also critical to establish the advanced stage. The early identification of this phase allows maintaining the patient’s functional state whenever appropriate treatments are applied. We should keep the term advanced stage when the dopaminergic symptoms responsive to device-aided therapy are preponderant. When invalidating non-dopaminergic symptoms dominate the clinical picture, the term post-advanced stage could be more suitable.
{"title":"Do we need to redefine the advanced stage in Parkinson’s disease?","authors":"Á. Sesar, G. Fernández-Pajarín, B. Ares, A. Castro","doi":"10.24875/rmn.20000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.20000119","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the advanced stage in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is crucial for shifting from conventional to device-aided therapies. The criteria to define the onset of advanced PD have been based on lengthy and disabling daily off-times, troublesome dyskinesia and complex therapeutic regimes, but have also included invalidating non-dopaminergic symptoms, such as dementia, falls or dysphagia. These last problems usually appear in a much later stage of the advanced PD. The key to the definition of advanced PD should be the lack of adequate PD control of both motor and non-motor dopaminergic symptoms. The patient’s judgment about the quality of their response to conventional therapy is also critical to establish the advanced stage. The early identification of this phase allows maintaining the patient’s functional state whenever appropriate treatments are applied. We should keep the term advanced stage when the dopaminergic symptoms responsive to device-aided therapy are preponderant. When invalidating non-dopaminergic symptoms dominate the clinical picture, the term post-advanced stage could be more suitable.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42851383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathaly S. Lapo-Córdova, M. Ruiz-García, Blanca G. Hernández-Antúnez
Background: The spectrum of lissencephaly (LIS) corresponds to a group of serious brain malformations in the cortex caused by a failure in neuronal migration. The spectrum includes agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia (SBH). It has generally been divided into two categories: classic lissencephaly or type I, and cobblestone lissencephaly or type II. Objective: The objective of the study was to describe clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological features of pediatric patients with lissencephaly (LIS) type I. Methods: Retrospective study of children with the diagnosis of LIS, who were admitted to the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico City from January 2009 to December 2019. Results: We included a total of 22 patients, 15 (68%) were male. Age at diagnosis: 4 (18%) children under 1 month due to ventricular dilation on ultrasound and epileptic spasms; 13 (59%) children of 1 month-1 year due to microcephaly, drug-resistant epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental delay; 5 (22%) children over 1 year. Regarding etiology: 6 cases were due to cytomegalovirus, 1 to Zika, and 1 to microdeletion diagnosed as Miller-Dieker syndrome. All (100%) had neurodevelopmental delay, 19 (86%) intellectual disability. Epilepsy was found in 19 (86%), of these 6 had epileptic spasms, 7 had West syndrome, and 5 evolved to Lennox-Gastaut. Drug-resistant epilepsy was present in 17 (77%) patients. Regarding comorbidities: 15 (68%) had gastroesophageal reflux disease and 14 (63%) had recurrent pneumonia. Regarding neuroimaging findings, paquigiria was present in 9 (41%) children. Two children died, they had diffuse agyria. Conclusions: LIS type I includes pathologies with a poor prognosis, manifested predominantly in the 1 st year of life. All patients have delayed psychomotor development, refractory epilepsy and were associated with different comorbidities. Genetic and neuroimaging studies are important to make an accurate diagnosis, predict evolution, offer genetic counseling, and palliative treatment.
{"title":"Lissencephaly: Clinical and neuroimaging features in children","authors":"Nathaly S. Lapo-Córdova, M. Ruiz-García, Blanca G. Hernández-Antúnez","doi":"10.24875/rmn.20000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.20000132","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The spectrum of lissencephaly (LIS) corresponds to a group of serious brain malformations in the cortex caused by a failure in neuronal migration. The spectrum includes agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia (SBH). It has generally been divided into two categories: classic lissencephaly or type I, and cobblestone lissencephaly or type II. Objective: The objective of the study was to describe clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological features of pediatric patients with lissencephaly (LIS) type I. Methods: Retrospective study of children with the diagnosis of LIS, who were admitted to the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico City from January 2009 to December 2019. Results: We included a total of 22 patients, 15 (68%) were male. Age at diagnosis: 4 (18%) children under 1 month due to ventricular dilation on ultrasound and epileptic spasms; 13 (59%) children of 1 month-1 year due to microcephaly, drug-resistant epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental delay; 5 (22%) children over 1 year. Regarding etiology: 6 cases were due to cytomegalovirus, 1 to Zika, and 1 to microdeletion diagnosed as Miller-Dieker syndrome. All (100%) had neurodevelopmental delay, 19 (86%) intellectual disability. Epilepsy was found in 19 (86%), of these 6 had epileptic spasms, 7 had West syndrome, and 5 evolved to Lennox-Gastaut. Drug-resistant epilepsy was present in 17 (77%) patients. Regarding comorbidities: 15 (68%) had gastroesophageal reflux disease and 14 (63%) had recurrent pneumonia. Regarding neuroimaging findings, paquigiria was present in 9 (41%) children. Two children died, they had diffuse agyria. Conclusions: LIS type I includes pathologies with a poor prognosis, manifested predominantly in the 1 st year of life. All patients have delayed psychomotor development, refractory epilepsy and were associated with different comorbidities. Genetic and neuroimaging studies are important to make an accurate diagnosis, predict evolution, offer genetic counseling, and palliative treatment.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45181995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus turned into a pandemic and from the first reported cases in December 2019-December 31, 2020, more than 82 million positive cases have been reported with a cumulative fatality of 1,806,155 people due to the complication of a mild upper respiratory infection to a severe lower respiratory disease, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death from multiple organ failure. Comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that have a high prevalence in older adults with obesity, should be considered as an additional risk factor for fatality, due to endothelial dysfunction secondary to hypoxia coupled with an increase in the inflammatory cascade with dysfunction of the glymphatic system during sleep in response to SARS-CoV-2. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] El brote de COVID-19 causado por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se convirtio en una pandemia y desde los primeros casos registrados en diciembre de 2019 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020, se han reportado mas de 82 millones de casos positivos con una fatalidad acumulada de 1,806,155 personas debido a la complicacion de una infeccion leve de las vias respiratorias superiores a una enfermedad grave de las vias respiratorias inferiores, como el sindrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, y muerte por insuficiencia organica multiple. Comorbilidades como la apnea obstructiva del sueno (AOS) que tienen una alta prevalencia en adultos mayores con obesidad, es un factor mas de riesgo de letalidad, por la disfuncion endotelial secundaria a la hipoxia aunada al incremento de la cascada inflamatoria con disfuncion del sistema glinfatico durante el sueno en respuesta al SARS-CoV-2. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia is the property of Academia Mexicana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
由SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的新冠肺炎疫情演变成了一场大流行，从2019年12月至2020年12月31日的首次报告病例，已报告超过8200万例阳性病例，累计死亡1806155人，原因是轻度上呼吸道感染与严重下呼吸道疾病（如急性呼吸窘迫综合征）的并发症，以及死于多器官衰竭。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）等并发症在肥胖的老年人中有很高的患病率，应被视为死亡的另一个风险因素，因为缺氧继发的内皮功能障碍，加上睡眠过程中对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的炎症级联反应增加，导致免疫系统功能障碍。（英文）[作者摘要]2019年新冠肺炎导致严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型感染的原因已于2020年12月31日公布，据报道，有8200万人死亡，其中1806155人是上呼吸道感染的并发症，下呼吸道感染的严重程度，以及呼吸困难综合征和多器官感染的并发症。睡眠呼吸暂停障碍（AOS）合并症在成人中的发病率很高，这是一个令人失望的因素，也是一个严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型患者的炎症综合征的增加。（西班牙语）[作者摘要]Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia的版权归墨西哥神经科学院所有，未经版权持有人明确书面许可，不得将其内容复制或通过电子邮件发送到多个网站或发布到列表服务。但是，用户可以打印、下载或通过电子邮件发送文章供个人使用。这篇摘要可以节略。对复印件的准确性不作任何保证。用户应参考材料的原始发布版本以获取完整摘要。（版权适用于所有摘要。）
{"title":"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) should be considered a comorbidity as a risk factor for COVID-19 fatality: A review. Part II","authors":"L. Rivera-Castaño","doi":"10.24875/RMN.20000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RMN.20000122","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus turned into a pandemic and from the first reported cases in December 2019-December 31, 2020, more than 82 million positive cases have been reported with a cumulative fatality of 1,806,155 people due to the complication of a mild upper respiratory infection to a severe lower respiratory disease, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death from multiple organ failure. Comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that have a high prevalence in older adults with obesity, should be considered as an additional risk factor for fatality, due to endothelial dysfunction secondary to hypoxia coupled with an increase in the inflammatory cascade with dysfunction of the glymphatic system during sleep in response to SARS-CoV-2. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] El brote de COVID-19 causado por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se convirtio en una pandemia y desde los primeros casos registrados en diciembre de 2019 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020, se han reportado mas de 82 millones de casos positivos con una fatalidad acumulada de 1,806,155 personas debido a la complicacion de una infeccion leve de las vias respiratorias superiores a una enfermedad grave de las vias respiratorias inferiores, como el sindrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, y muerte por insuficiencia organica multiple. Comorbilidades como la apnea obstructiva del sueno (AOS) que tienen una alta prevalencia en adultos mayores con obesidad, es un factor mas de riesgo de letalidad, por la disfuncion endotelial secundaria a la hipoxia aunada al incremento de la cascada inflamatoria con disfuncion del sistema glinfatico durante el sueno en respuesta al SARS-CoV-2. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia is the property of Academia Mexicana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48545789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Galnares-Olalde, J. C. López-Hernández, Jorge de Saráchaga-Adib, R. Cervantes-Uribe, E. S. Vargas-Cañas
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Time from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis has been reported from 8 to 15 months in ALS. Objectives: To describe the frequency of the split hand phenomenon and propose it as an early biomarker for ALS diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective, analytical, descriptive, and single-center observational study was performed. The split hand ratio was determined by dividing distal abductor pollicis brevis/abductor digit minimi compound muscle action potentials; a result < 0.6 was considered present. Results: Fifty-four patients with ALS diagnosis were included in the study. The split hand ratio was identified in 61.5% of patients with definite ALS, in 68.7% with probable ALS, 80% with possible ALS, and in 50% with suspected ALS. The split hand phenomenon was identified in 60% of patients within 12 months of symptom onset. Conclusion: We provide evidence for an additional neurophysiological tool that helps early diagnosis of ALS.
{"title":"Split hand phenomenon: An early marker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"J. Galnares-Olalde, J. C. López-Hernández, Jorge de Saráchaga-Adib, R. Cervantes-Uribe, E. S. Vargas-Cañas","doi":"10.24875/rmn.20000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.20000135","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Time from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis has been reported from 8 to 15 months in ALS. Objectives: To describe the frequency of the split hand phenomenon and propose it as an early biomarker for ALS diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective, analytical, descriptive, and single-center observational study was performed. The split hand ratio was determined by dividing distal abductor pollicis brevis/abductor digit minimi compound muscle action potentials; a result < 0.6 was considered present. Results: Fifty-four patients with ALS diagnosis were included in the study. The split hand ratio was identified in 61.5% of patients with definite ALS, in 68.7% with probable ALS, 80% with possible ALS, and in 50% with suspected ALS. The split hand phenomenon was identified in 60% of patients within 12 months of symptom onset. Conclusion: We provide evidence for an additional neurophysiological tool that helps early diagnosis of ALS.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47476048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minerva López-Ruiz, Sandra Quiñones-Aguilar, J. Hernandez, Jorge Hernández-Franco, M. Rodríguez‐Violante, Gerardo Quiñones-Canales, Luis Espinosa-Sierra
Background: Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common form of focal dystonia, in which application of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) is the first-line treatment. However, information related to its long-term effectiveness is sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate satisfaction and clinical response in patients with CD. Methods: An international, observational, multi-center, and prospective study was conducted (INTEREST IN CD2) to evaluate the course of patients treated with BoNT-A over 3 years, with intermediate assessments at each injection visit. This is a sub-analysis that considers information from Latin American countries (Mexico and Brazil). Data from patients with CD were collected in an electronic case report form. The main outcomes were satisfaction at the time of the visit, before BoNT-A injection, regarding the control of the symptoms assessed with a Likert scale and the CD features evaluated by Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Descriptive statistics were performed considering the significance of 95%. Results: Data from 79 patients were analyzed; 84.8% received abobotulinumtoxin A with a mean dose of 599.7 ± 238.05 U; 7.93 ± 3.01 treatment cycles in 7.45 ± 4.25 muscles; and an average BoNT-A application of 120.3 ± 25.5 days. At baseline, 37.2% of patients stated that they were completely satisfied; meanwhile, at the end of the follow-up, the figure was 70.3%, suggesting an improvement on the rate of today’s satisfaction of 88.9%. The total baseline TWSTRS score was 40.2 ± 14.1, while at 3 years it was 23.2 ± 11.5, a tendency to decrease this score was observed registering a greater reduction, from −17.0, after 36 months. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest an improvement in the proportion of satisfied patients with CD treated with BoNT-A during a 36-month follow-up.
背景:宫颈肌张力障碍(CD)是局灶性肌张力障碍最常见的形式，其中A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNT-A)的应用是一线治疗。然而，有关其长期有效性的信息很少。本研究的目的是评估CD患者的满意度和临床反应。方法:进行了一项国际、观察性、多中心、前瞻性研究(INTEREST in CD2)，以评估BoNT-A治疗3年以上患者的病程，每次注射时进行中间评估。这是考虑来自拉丁美洲国家(墨西哥和巴西)信息的子分析。乳糜泻患者的数据以电子病例报告形式收集。主要结果是在就诊时，注射BoNT-A前，对李克特量表评估的症状控制和多伦多西部痉挛性斜颈评定量表(TWSTRS)评估的CD特征满意。考虑95%的显著性，进行描述性统计。结果:分析79例患者资料;84.8%的人注射肉毒杆菌毒素A，平均剂量为599.7±238.05 U;7.45±4.25个肌肉组治疗周期为7.93±3.01个;BoNT-A的平均应用时间为120.3±25.5天。在基线时，37.2%的患者表示他们完全满意;与此同时，在随访结束时，这一数字为70.3%，表明今天88.9%的满意度有所改善。总基线TWSTRS评分为40.2±14.1，而在3年为23.2±11.5，观察到该评分下降的趋势，36个月后从- 17.0下降到更大。结论:本研究结果表明，在36个月的随访期间，BoNT-A治疗的满意CD患者比例有所改善。
{"title":"Long-term response in clinical practice to the application of botulinum neurotoxin type A in patients with cervical dystonia","authors":"Minerva López-Ruiz, Sandra Quiñones-Aguilar, J. Hernandez, Jorge Hernández-Franco, M. Rodríguez‐Violante, Gerardo Quiñones-Canales, Luis Espinosa-Sierra","doi":"10.24875/RMN.M20000077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RMN.M20000077","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common form of focal dystonia, in which application of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) is the first-line treatment. However, information related to its long-term effectiveness is sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate satisfaction and clinical response in patients with CD. Methods: An international, observational, multi-center, and prospective study was conducted (INTEREST IN CD2) to evaluate the course of patients treated with BoNT-A over 3 years, with intermediate assessments at each injection visit. This is a sub-analysis that considers information from Latin American countries (Mexico and Brazil). Data from patients with CD were collected in an electronic case report form. The main outcomes were satisfaction at the time of the visit, before BoNT-A injection, regarding the control of the symptoms assessed with a Likert scale and the CD features evaluated by Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Descriptive statistics were performed considering the significance of 95%. Results: Data from 79 patients were analyzed; 84.8% received abobotulinumtoxin A with a mean dose of 599.7 ± 238.05 U; 7.93 ± 3.01 treatment cycles in 7.45 ± 4.25 muscles; and an average BoNT-A application of 120.3 ± 25.5 days. At baseline, 37.2% of patients stated that they were completely satisfied; meanwhile, at the end of the follow-up, the figure was 70.3%, suggesting an improvement on the rate of today’s satisfaction of 88.9%. The total baseline TWSTRS score was 40.2 ± 14.1, while at 3 years it was 23.2 ± 11.5, a tendency to decrease this score was observed registering a greater reduction, from −17.0, after 36 months. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest an improvement in the proportion of satisfied patients with CD treated with BoNT-A during a 36-month follow-up.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46693224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Ortega-Zufiría, M. Sierra-Rodríguez, Y. López-Ramírez, Jorge Bernal-Piñeiro, Daniel Silva-Mascaró, M. Tamarit-Degenhardt
Background: The incidence of vertebral fractures is high and the new treatment options developed in recent years represent a significant improvement, although they are not without complications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) was associated with clinical and radiological subsequent adjacent fractures. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed searching on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrial.gov from the establishment of the database to January 2020. Eligible studies assessing the subsequent adjacent fractures after PVA compared with conservative treatment (CT) were incorporated. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were performed. Results: Twenty-four studies were considered eligible and were included finally. 20/421 patients (4.75%) had clinical subsequent adjacent fractures from the PVA group, and 25/359 patients (6.96%) had from the CT group, and 46/440 patients (10.45%) from the PVA group and 36/444 patients (8.10%) from the CT group had radiological subsequent adjacent fractures. There both had no significant difference between two groups (RR = 0.67, 95%CI: [0.38, 1.19], p = 0.17)/(RR = 1.13, 95% CI: [0.75, 1.70], p = 0.576). However, in fractured vertebrae, number in the PVA group was more than that in the CT group (RR=1.41, 95%CI: [1.03, 1.93], p = 0.03). Conclusion: Collectively, currently available literature provides data showed that PVA did not increase the incidence for subsequent adjacent fractures, no matter it was clinical or radiological fracture. However, PVA may increase the number of fractured vertebrae.
背景：脊椎骨折的发生率很高，近年来开发的新治疗方案有了显著的改善，尽管它们并非没有并发症。目的：本研究的目的是探讨经皮椎体隆突术（PVA）是否与临床和放射学相关。方法：从数据库建立到2020年1月，在PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane library、Google Scholar、Web of Science和ClinicalTrial.gov上进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。纳入了评估PVA与保守治疗（CT）后相邻骨折的合格研究。采用合并风险比（RR）及其95%置信区间（95%CI）。进行了异质性、敏感性和发表偏倚分析。结果：24项研究被认为是合格的，最终被纳入。PVA组20/421名患者（4.75%）有临床后续相邻骨折，CT组25/359名患者（6.96%）有，PVA组46/440名患者（10.45%）和CT组36/444名患者（8.10%）有放射学后续相邻骨折。两组之间均无显著差异（RR=0.67，95%CI:[0.381.19]，p=0.17）/（RR=1.13，95%CI:[0.75，1.70]，p=0.576）。然而，在骨折椎骨中，PVA组的数量多于CT组（RR=1.41，95%CI:[1.03，1.93]，p=0.03），目前可用的文献提供的数据表明，PVA并没有增加随后相邻骨折的发生率，无论是临床骨折还是放射学骨折。然而，PVA可能会增加骨折椎骨的数量。
{"title":"Risk of subsequent adjacent fractures after vertebral augmentation: A systematic review","authors":"J. M. Ortega-Zufiría, M. Sierra-Rodríguez, Y. López-Ramírez, Jorge Bernal-Piñeiro, Daniel Silva-Mascaró, M. Tamarit-Degenhardt","doi":"10.24875/RMN.20000064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RMN.20000064","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of vertebral fractures is high and the new treatment options developed in recent years represent a significant improvement, although they are not without complications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) was associated with clinical and radiological subsequent adjacent fractures. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed searching on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrial.gov from the establishment of the database to January 2020. Eligible studies assessing the subsequent adjacent fractures after PVA compared with conservative treatment (CT) were incorporated. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were performed. Results: Twenty-four studies were considered eligible and were included finally. 20/421 patients (4.75%) had clinical subsequent adjacent fractures from the PVA group, and 25/359 patients (6.96%) had from the CT group, and 46/440 patients (10.45%) from the PVA group and 36/444 patients (8.10%) from the CT group had radiological subsequent adjacent fractures. There both had no significant difference between two groups (RR = 0.67, 95%CI: [0.38, 1.19], p = 0.17)/(RR = 1.13, 95% CI: [0.75, 1.70], p = 0.576). However, in fractured vertebrae, number in the PVA group was more than that in the CT group (RR=1.41, 95%CI: [1.03, 1.93], p = 0.03). Conclusion: Collectively, currently available literature provides data showed that PVA did not increase the incidence for subsequent adjacent fractures, no matter it was clinical or radiological fracture. However, PVA may increase the number of fractured vertebrae.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46240792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine S. Hernandez-Cortés, Adrián A. Mesa-Pujals, Odalis García-Gómez, P. Montoya
Brain morphometry is the discipline that provides tools for the measurement of the structural properties of the brain according to the type of imaging data used, characterizing focal brain morphology, functioning, and neurodegenerative processes related to age and gender, as well as local morphological alterations in neurological and psychiatric disorders. An overview of the influence of age and gender on brain morphometry will be provided. An analysis of the scientific literature on some neuroimaging techniques, their potential in the diagnosis of degenerative diseases and the experience of their use in Cuba is presented. Concepts such as: brain morphometry and its main techniques, volumetric and its objective in the field of medicine will be reaffirmed. Image segmentation methods and their clinical correlation will be addressed. The studies that were included in this review are current and located in the Science Direct, PubMed, and SciELO databases; original research reports were considered and the review of specialized books and review articles were included given their relevance in the field. It is concluded that age and sex are factors that affect brain morphometry. Medical imaging is an effective way to look at the anatomy of the brain. Voxel-based morphometric studies detect structural changes in healthy and pathological stages of life. Volumetric visualization is a tool that provides useful information related to the patient and their care. However, there are problems with the uniformity of image segmentation algorithms.
{"title":"Brain morphometry in adult: volumetric visualization as a tool in image processing","authors":"Katherine S. Hernandez-Cortés, Adrián A. Mesa-Pujals, Odalis García-Gómez, P. Montoya","doi":"10.24875/RMN.20000074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RMN.20000074","url":null,"abstract":"Brain morphometry is the discipline that provides tools for the measurement of the structural properties of the brain according to the type of imaging data used, characterizing focal brain morphology, functioning, and neurodegenerative processes related to age and gender, as well as local morphological alterations in neurological and psychiatric disorders. An overview of the influence of age and gender on brain morphometry will be provided. An analysis of the scientific literature on some neuroimaging techniques, their potential in the diagnosis of degenerative diseases and the experience of their use in Cuba is presented. Concepts such as: brain morphometry and its main techniques, volumetric and its objective in the field of medicine will be reaffirmed. Image segmentation methods and their clinical correlation will be addressed. The studies that were included in this review are current and located in the Science Direct, PubMed, and SciELO databases; original research reports were considered and the review of specialized books and review articles were included given their relevance in the field. It is concluded that age and sex are factors that affect brain morphometry. Medical imaging is an effective way to look at the anatomy of the brain. Voxel-based morphometric studies detect structural changes in healthy and pathological stages of life. Volumetric visualization is a tool that provides useful information related to the patient and their care. However, there are problems with the uniformity of image segmentation algorithms.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adhara I. Fernández-Lechuga, Linda Y. Nuñez-Arcos, P. Carrillo, L. I. García, G. Coria-Avila, R. Toledo, M. Hernández, J. Manzo
Background: Autism spectrum disorder is an alteration of neurodevelopment with a conspicuous display of behaviors in children between 2 and 3 years of age. Basic behavioral manifestations are social isolation, language impairment, and motor problems. However, there are also manifestations related to sensory perception, although knowledge about tactile stimulation is yet poorly understood. Objective: We aimed to determine changes in the cutaneous sensitivity of autistic boys following a program of tactile and emotional stimulation. Methods: Sensory stimulation was applied as therapy to six autistic boys 5-12 years old. As stimuli, we used bubble paper and a skin massager twice a week for 1 year. During stimulation, kids were allowed to walk in socks during 2 min on a 2 × 2 m carpet made of bubble paper and asked to burst the bubbles. In addi-tion, a handheld massager was used to stimulate the skin on the forearm and face cheek with level 2 of intensity for 2 min. Following stimulation, the cutaneous sensitivity threshold was obtained using von Frey fibers on the forearm and face cheek. Kids were asked to keep their eyes closed and to indicate their perception by pointing with a finger toward the stimulated area. Results: Our data indicate that kids were capable of perceiving smaller fibers with consecutive therapy sessions. Conclusion: Tactile and sensory stimulation to autistic children modifies cutaneous sensitivity, perhaps with an improved perception of the general environment and consequently social behavior.
{"title":"Reduction of cutaneous von Frey thresholds in boys with autism following a year of tactile and emotional stimulation","authors":"Adhara I. Fernández-Lechuga, Linda Y. Nuñez-Arcos, P. Carrillo, L. I. García, G. Coria-Avila, R. Toledo, M. Hernández, J. Manzo","doi":"10.24875/RMN.20000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RMN.20000002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autism spectrum disorder is an alteration of neurodevelopment with a conspicuous display of behaviors in children between 2 and 3 years of age. Basic behavioral manifestations are social isolation, language impairment, and motor problems. However, there are also manifestations related to sensory perception, although knowledge about tactile stimulation is yet poorly understood. Objective: We aimed to determine changes in the cutaneous sensitivity of autistic boys following a program of tactile and emotional stimulation. Methods: Sensory stimulation was applied as therapy to six autistic boys 5-12 years old. As stimuli, we used bubble paper and a skin massager twice a week for 1 year. During stimulation, kids were allowed to walk in socks during 2 min on a 2 × 2 m carpet made of bubble paper and asked to burst the bubbles. In addi-tion, a handheld massager was used to stimulate the skin on the forearm and face cheek with level 2 of intensity for 2 min. Following stimulation, the cutaneous sensitivity threshold was obtained using von Frey fibers on the forearm and face cheek. Kids were asked to keep their eyes closed and to indicate their perception by pointing with a finger toward the stimulated area. Results: Our data indicate that kids were capable of perceiving smaller fibers with consecutive therapy sessions. Conclusion: Tactile and sensory stimulation to autistic children modifies cutaneous sensitivity, perhaps with an improved perception of the general environment and consequently social behavior.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47184103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus became a pandemic, and since the first cases reported in December 2019 to 28 October 2020, more than 44 million positive cases have been recorded with an accumulated fatality of 1,172,086 people due to the complication of mild infection of the upper airway to a severe disease of the lower airway, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death from multiple organ failure Comorbidities such as age over 40 years, obesity, and diabetes mellitus play an important role in the response inflammatory and immunological that can accelerate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines causing endothelial dysfunction that produces endotheliitis, hypercoagulability, and fibrinolysis not only at lung level but also in other organs such as the heart and central nervous system Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which has a high prevalence in older adults with obesity, is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction due to hypoxia that may favor hyper inflammation in response to SARS-CoV-2 and therefore OSA should be considered serious comorbidity for COVID-19 fatality A review of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, obesity, and OSA may contribute to have more tools in the prevention and treatment of serious complications of COVID-19 (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] El brote de COVID-19 causado por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se convirtio en una pandemia y desde los primeros casos reportados en diciembre de 2019 hasta el 28 de octubre de 2020, se han reportado mas de 44 millones de casos positivos con una fatalidad acumulada de 1,172,086 personas debido a la complicacion de una infeccion leve de las vias respiratorias superiores, a una enfermedad grave de las vias respiratorias inferiores, como el Sindrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda y muerte por insuficiencia organica multiple Comorbilidades como la edad mayor de 40 anos, la obesidad y la diabetes mellitus juegan un papel importante en la respuesta inflamatoria e inmunologica que puede acelerar la produccion de citosinas proinflamatorias provocando disfuncion endotelial que produce endotelitis, hipercoagulabilidad y fibrinolisis, no solo a nivel pulmonar sino tambien en otros organos como el corazon y el sistema nervioso central La apnea obstructiva del sueno (AOS), que tiene una alta prevalencia en adultos mayores con obesidad, es un factor de riesgo de disfuncion endotelial por la hipoxia que puede favorecer la hiperinflamacion en respuesta al SARS-CoV-2 y, por tanto, la AOS debe considerarse una comorbilidad grave para la letalidad de COVID-19 Una revision de la fisiopatologia del SARS-CoV-2, la obesidad y la AOS puede contribuir a tener mas herramientas en la prevencion y el tratamiento de las complicaciones graves del COVID-19 (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia is the property of Academia Mexicana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the cop
{"title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is a risk comorbidity for COVID-19 fatality: A review. Part I","authors":"L. Rivera-Castaño","doi":"10.24875/RMN.20000093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RMN.20000093","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus became a pandemic, and since the first cases reported in December 2019 to 28 October 2020, more than 44 million positive cases have been recorded with an accumulated fatality of 1,172,086 people due to the complication of mild infection of the upper airway to a severe disease of the lower airway, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death from multiple organ failure Comorbidities such as age over 40 years, obesity, and diabetes mellitus play an important role in the response inflammatory and immunological that can accelerate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines causing endothelial dysfunction that produces endotheliitis, hypercoagulability, and fibrinolysis not only at lung level but also in other organs such as the heart and central nervous system Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which has a high prevalence in older adults with obesity, is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction due to hypoxia that may favor hyper inflammation in response to SARS-CoV-2 and therefore OSA should be considered serious comorbidity for COVID-19 fatality A review of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, obesity, and OSA may contribute to have more tools in the prevention and treatment of serious complications of COVID-19 (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] El brote de COVID-19 causado por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se convirtio en una pandemia y desde los primeros casos reportados en diciembre de 2019 hasta el 28 de octubre de 2020, se han reportado mas de 44 millones de casos positivos con una fatalidad acumulada de 1,172,086 personas debido a la complicacion de una infeccion leve de las vias respiratorias superiores, a una enfermedad grave de las vias respiratorias inferiores, como el Sindrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda y muerte por insuficiencia organica multiple Comorbilidades como la edad mayor de 40 anos, la obesidad y la diabetes mellitus juegan un papel importante en la respuesta inflamatoria e inmunologica que puede acelerar la produccion de citosinas proinflamatorias provocando disfuncion endotelial que produce endotelitis, hipercoagulabilidad y fibrinolisis, no solo a nivel pulmonar sino tambien en otros organos como el corazon y el sistema nervioso central La apnea obstructiva del sueno (AOS), que tiene una alta prevalencia en adultos mayores con obesidad, es un factor de riesgo de disfuncion endotelial por la hipoxia que puede favorecer la hiperinflamacion en respuesta al SARS-CoV-2 y, por tanto, la AOS debe considerarse una comorbilidad grave para la letalidad de COVID-19 Una revision de la fisiopatologia del SARS-CoV-2, la obesidad y la AOS puede contribuir a tener mas herramientas en la prevencion y el tratamiento de las complicaciones graves del COVID-19 (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia is the property of Academia Mexicana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the cop","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48006861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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