Alejandro Checa, Eliana Navas, V. Valencia, Jessica Alcívar
Background: HIV can cause neurotoxicity and neuronal apoptosis, hence the importance of neuropathogenesis mechanisms in HIV. People in AIDS phase with CD4 count under 250, may be at greater risk of suffering from depression. Objective: Eva-luate whether there is a relationship between T-CD4 lymphocyte count and depression in people living with HIV but have not started antiretroviral treatment. Method: This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted between October 2020 and January 2021 in the HIV Unit of the Eugenio Espejo Hospital in Quito. A CD4 test was performed, and the Hamilton Depression Scale was used in patients after 1 month of being diagnosed with HIV but before receiving antiretroviral treatment. Results: A total of 108 subjects were recruited, mainly men (79.6%), of which 82.4% were between 18 and 45 years old. The subjects in the AIDS phase were 25% of which 92.6% presented depression (p = 0.000), it was noted that the older the age, the prevalence of depression increases (p = 0.007). As for the female sex, it seems to have a risk of practically double with respect to men of suffering from depression (p = 0.005). Conclusions: In our cohort study, at PLWH in Ecuador, patients in AIDS phase present a considerable risk of suffering from depression; at the same time, as the age increases, the probability of presenting depression is greater. As well as, female sex is a risk factor. Therefore, the follow-up of these patients is an essential part of care and treatment process.
{"title":"Depression is associated with CD4 levels in people living with HIV in Ecuador","authors":"Alejandro Checa, Eliana Navas, V. Valencia, Jessica Alcívar","doi":"10.24875/rmn.21000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.21000032","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV can cause neurotoxicity and neuronal apoptosis, hence the importance of neuropathogenesis mechanisms in HIV. People in AIDS phase with CD4 count under 250, may be at greater risk of suffering from depression. Objective: Eva-luate whether there is a relationship between T-CD4 lymphocyte count and depression in people living with HIV but have not started antiretroviral treatment. Method: This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted between October 2020 and January 2021 in the HIV Unit of the Eugenio Espejo Hospital in Quito. A CD4 test was performed, and the Hamilton Depression Scale was used in patients after 1 month of being diagnosed with HIV but before receiving antiretroviral treatment. Results: A total of 108 subjects were recruited, mainly men (79.6%), of which 82.4% were between 18 and 45 years old. The subjects in the AIDS phase were 25% of which 92.6% presented depression (p = 0.000), it was noted that the older the age, the prevalence of depression increases (p = 0.007). As for the female sex, it seems to have a risk of practically double with respect to men of suffering from depression (p = 0.005). Conclusions: In our cohort study, at PLWH in Ecuador, patients in AIDS phase present a considerable risk of suffering from depression; at the same time, as the age increases, the probability of presenting depression is greater. As well as, female sex is a risk factor. Therefore, the follow-up of these patients is an essential part of care and treatment process.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45557725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Carrillo-Mora, Vania Aldrete-Cortez, J. A. Guzmán-Cortés, G. S. García-de la Torre, L. Tirado-Gómez, Luz Navarro, María Soto-Lara, Kenia F. Franyutti-Prado, Karina G. Barajas-Martínez
Background: Repeated head trauma associated with sports activities can cause subtle cognitive alterations in amateur players, but these are difficult to detect. Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to determine if there is an association between executive functions performance and different sports practice variables in a sample of amateur American football players. Methods: A pilot transversal study with amateur American football male players without previous neurological or psychiatric illnesses, drug abuse, or consumption of psychotropic medications were carried out and evaluated executive functions performance using automated test. In addition, the levels of stress, impulsivity, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated, as well as multiple variables related to sports practice such as previous concussions, time of sports practice, weekly training time, and position within the game. Results: Fourteen men players were assessed, with an average age of 20.57 (standard deviation [SD] ± 1.61) years, played 7 (50%) in an offensive position, 7 (50%) in defensive position, and 3 (21%) presented previous sport-related brain trauma. The average time of practice football was of 35.07 (SD ± 43.10) months, starting age of football playing 17.71 (SD ± 3.64), and hours of training during the week 5.75 (SD ± 2.83). There was no association between cognitive performance and any sports practice variable, however, the offensive position showed significant association with impairments in the highest span of visual working memory task (β = 0.53, SE = 0.16, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that executive tasks with high cognitive demand may reveal alterations in the short term in amateur American football players.
{"title":"High cognitive demand tasks may detect mild alterations in executive functions in American football players: A pilot study","authors":"P. Carrillo-Mora, Vania Aldrete-Cortez, J. A. Guzmán-Cortés, G. S. García-de la Torre, L. Tirado-Gómez, Luz Navarro, María Soto-Lara, Kenia F. Franyutti-Prado, Karina G. Barajas-Martínez","doi":"10.24875/rmn.21000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.21000035","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Repeated head trauma associated with sports activities can cause subtle cognitive alterations in amateur players, but these are difficult to detect. Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to determine if there is an association between executive functions performance and different sports practice variables in a sample of amateur American football players. Methods: A pilot transversal study with amateur American football male players without previous neurological or psychiatric illnesses, drug abuse, or consumption of psychotropic medications were carried out and evaluated executive functions performance using automated test. In addition, the levels of stress, impulsivity, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated, as well as multiple variables related to sports practice such as previous concussions, time of sports practice, weekly training time, and position within the game. Results: Fourteen men players were assessed, with an average age of 20.57 (standard deviation [SD] ± 1.61) years, played 7 (50%) in an offensive position, 7 (50%) in defensive position, and 3 (21%) presented previous sport-related brain trauma. The average time of practice football was of 35.07 (SD ± 43.10) months, starting age of football playing 17.71 (SD ± 3.64), and hours of training during the week 5.75 (SD ± 2.83). There was no association between cognitive performance and any sports practice variable, however, the offensive position showed significant association with impairments in the highest span of visual working memory task (β = 0.53, SE = 0.16, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that executive tasks with high cognitive demand may reveal alterations in the short term in amateur American football players.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42499649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandro Aparecido-Kanzler, F. Cidral-filho, R. Prediger
This systematic review is dedicated to deepening the study of two phenomena: binaural beats and isochronic tones. Data from the scientific literature suggest the existence of a promising therapeutic potential in neurology and psychophysiology due to their influence on specific frequencies of brain waves and their implications for mental health and homeostasis of brain neurotransmitters. Prolonged audio stimuli in repetitive and synchronized manner may induce changes in brain waves patterns and, consequently, modulating neurophysiological, and behavioral responses. The literature review was conducted using PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILLACS, and SCIENCE DIRECT online platforms using the search words: “audio brain entrainment,” “auditory beat stimulation, ” “binaural beats,” “brainwave entrainment (BWE),” and “isochronic tones.” The search yielded 674 studies, of which 49 were in duplicate, and 592 were out of the scope of this review, and, therefore, were excluded from the study. The remaining studies were analyzed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, resulting in 33 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were then evaluated by the Jadad scale. From that, 17 studies obtained a score of three points or more on the Jadad scale. These studies were fully read and critically analyzed. Binaural beats were used in 15 studies (88.25%), whereas isochronic tones were used only in two studies (11.76%). Although most of the studies reviewed here indicated audio BWE effectiveness, some positive outcomes may require further investigation, with more refined and appropriate evaluation tools, better suited for each specific type of intervention and/or therapeutic target. Considering these limitations, the performance of additional studies with more adequate experimental design and data analysis is recommended, particularly focusing on the neurophysiological and behavioral effects of brain wave entrainment on mental states.
{"title":"Effects of binaural beats and isochronic tones on brain wave modulation: Literature review","authors":"Sandro Aparecido-Kanzler, F. Cidral-filho, R. Prediger","doi":"10.24875/rmn.20000100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.20000100","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review is dedicated to deepening the study of two phenomena: binaural beats and isochronic tones. Data from the scientific literature suggest the existence of a promising therapeutic potential in neurology and psychophysiology due to their influence on specific frequencies of brain waves and their implications for mental health and homeostasis of brain neurotransmitters. Prolonged audio stimuli in repetitive and synchronized manner may induce changes in brain waves patterns and, consequently, modulating neurophysiological, and behavioral responses. The literature review was conducted using PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILLACS, and SCIENCE DIRECT online platforms using the search words: “audio brain entrainment,” “auditory beat stimulation, ” “binaural beats,” “brainwave entrainment (BWE),” and “isochronic tones.” The search yielded 674 studies, of which 49 were in duplicate, and 592 were out of the scope of this review, and, therefore, were excluded from the study. The remaining studies were analyzed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, resulting in 33 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were then evaluated by the Jadad scale. From that, 17 studies obtained a score of three points or more on the Jadad scale. These studies were fully read and critically analyzed. Binaural beats were used in 15 studies (88.25%), whereas isochronic tones were used only in two studies (11.76%). Although most of the studies reviewed here indicated audio BWE effectiveness, some positive outcomes may require further investigation, with more refined and appropriate evaluation tools, better suited for each specific type of intervention and/or therapeutic target. Considering these limitations, the performance of additional studies with more adequate experimental design and data analysis is recommended, particularly focusing on the neurophysiological and behavioral effects of brain wave entrainment on mental states.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42873856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvia D. Pérez-Villalva, Teresita Villaseñor-Cabrera, M. G. Ramírez-Contreras, Genoveva Rizo-Curiel, J. Ruiz-Sandoval
Stroke is the leading cause of motor and neuropsychological disability in adults worldwide, requiring a primary caregiver (PC) during rehabilitation. The relationship between PC and a patient with cerebrovascular sequelae (PC-PCVD) is complex and bidirectional. Indeed, literature shows a serious deterioration in the PC’s quality of life during the follow-up. Through a narrative review of articles published in the last 20 years, this study aims to know the quality of life of PC-CVD, analyze the determinants of the vulnerability of PC-PCVD, and identify the most used test. PC-PCVD was found to have a lower-than-expected quality of life in physical and emotional domains. Being a woman, single, of mayor age, 3 h of daily care, limited income, and symptoms of anxiety or depression were the main risk factors associated with lower quality of life among PCs. The main assessment tools of quality of life were the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF and the SF-36
{"title":"Quality of life in primary caregivers of patients with cerebrovascular disease","authors":"Silvia D. Pérez-Villalva, Teresita Villaseñor-Cabrera, M. G. Ramírez-Contreras, Genoveva Rizo-Curiel, J. Ruiz-Sandoval","doi":"10.24875/rmn.20000101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.20000101","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is the leading cause of motor and neuropsychological disability in adults worldwide, requiring a primary caregiver (PC) during rehabilitation. The relationship between PC and a patient with cerebrovascular sequelae (PC-PCVD) is complex and bidirectional. Indeed, literature shows a serious deterioration in the PC’s quality of life during the follow-up. Through a narrative review of articles published in the last 20 years, this study aims to know the quality of life of PC-CVD, analyze the determinants of the vulnerability of PC-PCVD, and identify the most used test. PC-PCVD was found to have a lower-than-expected quality of life in physical and emotional domains. Being a woman, single, of mayor age, 3 h of daily care, limited income, and symptoms of anxiety or depression were the main risk factors associated with lower quality of life among PCs. The main assessment tools of quality of life were the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF and the SF-36","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43195419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beatriz Sanabria-Barradas, Libna S. Gallardo-Beatriz, J. A. Palma-Jacinto, A. Calderón-Garcidueñas
This manuscript reviews the mechanisms that contribute to the production of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especial-ly the genetic and immunological components. Knowing the participating elements and mechanisms are essential to establish preventive measures and look for early markers. The ASD can have subtle or devastating manifestations, and exerting immunomodulatory actions could be useful in the management of these patients. There seems to be different environmental insults that may act as triggers in genetically predisposed subjects; these insults can promote an inflammatory response in which interleukin-6 could participate actively at the level of neural stem cells and progenitors. The degree of involvement in neurogenesis and astrogenesis, and therefore, the observed clinical spectrum will depend on two facts that alter the neural circuits, including the brain region that loses proper input or output connectivity due to abnormal migration of a group of neurons, and the astrocytic survival.
{"title":"The pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Beatriz Sanabria-Barradas, Libna S. Gallardo-Beatriz, J. A. Palma-Jacinto, A. Calderón-Garcidueñas","doi":"10.24875/rmn.20000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.20000129","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript reviews the mechanisms that contribute to the production of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especial-ly the genetic and immunological components. Knowing the participating elements and mechanisms are essential to establish preventive measures and look for early markers. The ASD can have subtle or devastating manifestations, and exerting immunomodulatory actions could be useful in the management of these patients. There seems to be different environmental insults that may act as triggers in genetically predisposed subjects; these insults can promote an inflammatory response in which interleukin-6 could participate actively at the level of neural stem cells and progenitors. The degree of involvement in neurogenesis and astrogenesis, and therefore, the observed clinical spectrum will depend on two facts that alter the neural circuits, including the brain region that loses proper input or output connectivity due to abnormal migration of a group of neurons, and the astrocytic survival.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48295359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ruiz-León, Marco A. Sánchez-Torres, S. L. Anda, Mónica Salmerón-Mercado, J. Ruiz-Sandoval
Eating epilepsy (EE) is rare reflex epilepsy in which seizures are triggered by mechanisms related to the eating process. In this narrative review, we analyzed case series and case reports found in the literature and describe sociodemographic, se-miological, and radiological characteristics of patients with EE in the general population. Our analysis revealed that this epilepsy is more common in male patients and usually presents with focal onset seizures. There is wide variability in clinical presentation and there is not enough evidence to affirm that there is a specific food or diet that triggers the seizures. Temporolimbic and suprasylvian areas of the frontal and temporal lobes, particularly the insular and opercular cortex, play an important role in the pathophysiology of EE as found in neuroradiological and neurosurgical studies. As for the treatment, there is a high prevalence of pharmacoresistance and clobazam was the most used antiepileptic drug, usually as an add-on therapy.
{"title":"Eating epilepsy. A narrative review","authors":"M. Ruiz-León, Marco A. Sánchez-Torres, S. L. Anda, Mónica Salmerón-Mercado, J. Ruiz-Sandoval","doi":"10.24875/rmn.21000005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.21000005","url":null,"abstract":"Eating epilepsy (EE) is rare reflex epilepsy in which seizures are triggered by mechanisms related to the eating process. In this narrative review, we analyzed case series and case reports found in the literature and describe sociodemographic, se-miological, and radiological characteristics of patients with EE in the general population. Our analysis revealed that this epilepsy is more common in male patients and usually presents with focal onset seizures. There is wide variability in clinical presentation and there is not enough evidence to affirm that there is a specific food or diet that triggers the seizures. Temporolimbic and suprasylvian areas of the frontal and temporal lobes, particularly the insular and opercular cortex, play an important role in the pathophysiology of EE as found in neuroradiological and neurosurgical studies. As for the treatment, there is a high prevalence of pharmacoresistance and clobazam was the most used antiepileptic drug, usually as an add-on therapy.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46424230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karla Aketzalli Hernández-Contreras, M. Hernández-Aguilar, D. Herrera-Covarrubias, F. Rojas-Durán, G. Aranda-Abreu
Considered a neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves a physiopathological process characterized by the presence of the beta-amyloid peptide, hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, and neuroinflammation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disease characterized by insulin resistance, where decreased production of this hormone causes a constant state of hyperglycemia. Although it is recognized that DM is a risk factor for the development of AD, the compression of the mechanisms involved is not completely understood. The present review evaluates the information acquired from primary and secondary sources, focusing on the alterations in gene expression associated with AD as well as the alterations in gene expression associated with DM, to later highlight the influence that these types of alterations developed in patients with DM can have on both the development and progression of AD. Finally, we point out those alterations that impact the phospha-tidyl Inositol 3 Kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which seems to intervene in the physiopathological process of both diseases, considering that the compression of these gene alterations can help us understand the intricate link between DM and AD.
{"title":"Alterations in diabetes mellitus gene expression in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease: The PI3K/Akt pathway link","authors":"Karla Aketzalli Hernández-Contreras, M. Hernández-Aguilar, D. Herrera-Covarrubias, F. Rojas-Durán, G. Aranda-Abreu","doi":"10.24875/rmn.20000087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.20000087","url":null,"abstract":"Considered a neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves a physiopathological process characterized by the presence of the beta-amyloid peptide, hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, and neuroinflammation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disease characterized by insulin resistance, where decreased production of this hormone causes a constant state of hyperglycemia. Although it is recognized that DM is a risk factor for the development of AD, the compression of the mechanisms involved is not completely understood. The present review evaluates the information acquired from primary and secondary sources, focusing on the alterations in gene expression associated with AD as well as the alterations in gene expression associated with DM, to later highlight the influence that these types of alterations developed in patients with DM can have on both the development and progression of AD. Finally, we point out those alterations that impact the phospha-tidyl Inositol 3 Kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which seems to intervene in the physiopathological process of both diseases, considering that the compression of these gene alterations can help us understand the intricate link between DM and AD.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47379442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. López-Hernández, R. May-Más, J. Galnares-Olalde, L. Bazán-Rodríguez, Adib J. de-Saráchaga, Eunice Martínez-Jiménez, Jorge Burgos-Centeno, E. León-Manríquez, E. S. Vargas-Cañas
, Abstract Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients who present very early (< 4 days) to health-care services generally have severe clinical forms due to rapid progression. Little information exists on the clinical and short-term functional prognosis in patients with very-early GBS (VEGBS). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted. We performed Kaplan– Meier survival analysis to observe the recovery of independent gait between groups, where a log-rank value < 0.05 was considered significant. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 22. Results: Ninety-nine patients were included in the study. Mean age was 46.7 ± 16.7 years, 61.9% were male. Regarding nerve conduction studies, the most frequent electrophysiological variants in the very early-onset GBS group were axonal (38.7%). Twenty-three percent were classified as equivocal. In the GBS group > 4 days, the most frequent electrophysiological variant was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (52.1%). Conclusion: Patients with VEGBS do not present different clinical characteristics, nor severity or poor short-term outcome in our population compared to different GBS presentations. Only mechanical ventilation requirement and distal compound muscle action potential reduction are associated with poor outcome in this subset of patients.
{"title":"Very-early Guillain-Barré syndrome: Clinical characteristics, electrophysiological findings, and short-term functional outcome","authors":"J. C. López-Hernández, R. May-Más, J. Galnares-Olalde, L. Bazán-Rodríguez, Adib J. de-Saráchaga, Eunice Martínez-Jiménez, Jorge Burgos-Centeno, E. León-Manríquez, E. S. Vargas-Cañas","doi":"10.24875/rmn.21000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.21000024","url":null,"abstract":", Abstract Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients who present very early (< 4 days) to health-care services generally have severe clinical forms due to rapid progression. Little information exists on the clinical and short-term functional prognosis in patients with very-early GBS (VEGBS). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted. We performed Kaplan– Meier survival analysis to observe the recovery of independent gait between groups, where a log-rank value < 0.05 was considered significant. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 22. Results: Ninety-nine patients were included in the study. Mean age was 46.7 ± 16.7 years, 61.9% were male. Regarding nerve conduction studies, the most frequent electrophysiological variants in the very early-onset GBS group were axonal (38.7%). Twenty-three percent were classified as equivocal. In the GBS group > 4 days, the most frequent electrophysiological variant was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (52.1%). Conclusion: Patients with VEGBS do not present different clinical characteristics, nor severity or poor short-term outcome in our population compared to different GBS presentations. Only mechanical ventilation requirement and distal compound muscle action potential reduction are associated with poor outcome in this subset of patients.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47526081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose treatment in advanced stages is often complex and challenging. The treatment goal at this stage is to provide greater clinical stability, with less “off” time and longer “on” time. Mucuna pruriens (MP) is a legume plant traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for Parkinsonian-type diseases. This plant contains a diversity of elements, among which levodopa stands out. Objective: We explored the effect of MP as adjunct therapy to levodopa in a PD patient. Methods: We report the case of a 42-year-old woman with PD in advanced stages due to motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Due to the progression of her disease, the limitations that it generates and the economic inability to opt for other therapies such as surgical treatments, we used MP as an adjunct therapy to levodopa. Results: MP produces a clinical motor effect similar to conventional levodopa. MP shortened the time to reach the “on” state and prolonged this state without exacerbating dyskinesias. Psychiatric side effects were observed only with high dosages of MP. Conclusions: MP shows to be a promising adjunct therapy to levodopa in advanced PD patients without access to other conventional therapies.
{"title":"Mucuna pruriens as adjunct therapy to levodopa in advanced Parkinson’s disease","authors":"F. Botello-Villagrana, D. Martinez-Ramirez","doi":"10.24875/rmn.21000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.21000010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose treatment in advanced stages is often complex and challenging. The treatment goal at this stage is to provide greater clinical stability, with less “off” time and longer “on” time. Mucuna pruriens (MP) is a legume plant traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for Parkinsonian-type diseases. This plant contains a diversity of elements, among which levodopa stands out. Objective: We explored the effect of MP as adjunct therapy to levodopa in a PD patient. Methods: We report the case of a 42-year-old woman with PD in advanced stages due to motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Due to the progression of her disease, the limitations that it generates and the economic inability to opt for other therapies such as surgical treatments, we used MP as an adjunct therapy to levodopa. Results: MP produces a clinical motor effect similar to conventional levodopa. MP shortened the time to reach the “on” state and prolonged this state without exacerbating dyskinesias. Psychiatric side effects were observed only with high dosages of MP. Conclusions: MP shows to be a promising adjunct therapy to levodopa in advanced PD patients without access to other conventional therapies.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45873119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an established and one of the most commonly used methods for assessing patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. At least 50% of neurological patients, especially those with acute stroke, present with oropharyngeal dysphagia. These patients have a three-fold increased risk of pneumonia and poor outcome. FEES in oropharyngeal dysphagia is an important tool in early evaluation of neurological patients where dysphagia is suspected. FEES allows objectively evaluate deglutition, determine the risk of aspiration, detect silent aspirations, and implement initial therapeutic measures in patients with neurological disease. Our goal is to describe some basic concepts of FEES and propose an algorithm for the evaluation and assessment of patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia in neurology hospitals and stroke centers in Mexico.
{"title":"Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of the swallowing in neurogenic dysphagia: A proposal of an algorithm for fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of the swallowing in neurology hospitals in Mexico","authors":"Ruben Jimenez-Dominguez, C. Manzano-Aquiahuatl","doi":"10.24875/rmn.21000046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.21000046","url":null,"abstract":"Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an established and one of the most commonly used methods for assessing patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. At least 50% of neurological patients, especially those with acute stroke, present with oropharyngeal dysphagia. These patients have a three-fold increased risk of pneumonia and poor outcome. FEES in oropharyngeal dysphagia is an important tool in early evaluation of neurological patients where dysphagia is suspected. FEES allows objectively evaluate deglutition, determine the risk of aspiration, detect silent aspirations, and implement initial therapeutic measures in patients with neurological disease. Our goal is to describe some basic concepts of FEES and propose an algorithm for the evaluation and assessment of patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia in neurology hospitals and stroke centers in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":53921,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45689452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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