Pub Date : 2018-09-28DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.400-415
V. Kupryashkin, A. S. Ulanov, N. I. Naumkin
with plow in this case. The analysis of work of the walking tractor shows that the object of the disturbances in plowing is its working body, in this case a plow, which is influenced by normal and shear interaction forces between the plow body and soil ( R x , R y , R z ) which can be determined by spatial dynamometric disruption of the body. The aim of the study is to develop a dynamometric module and to research share-mouldboard plow of the motoblock using reverse engineering based on 3D scan. Materials and Methods. According to relevant literature and patent sources it is need to design a simple and functional device for the spatial dynamometrical body of share- mouldboard plow. This devise should allow to identify the forces R x , R y and R z with high accuracy by dynamometrical measurements. We developed the device providing the measurement of all forces R x , R y and R z by dynamometrical measurements. The authors received a certificate for rationalization proposal No. 1173 “Experimental module for dynamometrical measurements of share-mouldboard plow body” (22.01.2018. National Research Mordovia State University). Results. We designed and manufactured a dynamometric module, defined the geometry of this device, and tested the plow of the motoblock in the laboratory with identification of graphical and approximating dependency power of the interaction of the plow with soil. Conclusions. Obtained approximating equations allow us to analyze the nature of the change of interaction forces of share-mouldboard plow body of motoblock with the soil and calculate the limits their variation. In addition, the use of the power of approximating dependences allow us to determine the extent of their influence on the stability of the plow and the traction characteristics of the motoblock.
在这种情况下用犁。对手摇拖拉机的工作分析表明，在耕作过程中受到干扰的对象是其工作体，即犁体，它受到犁体与土壤之间的法向和剪切相互作用(R x, R y, R z)的影响，而这种相互作用可以通过犁体的空间动力学破坏来确定。本研究的目的是开发动力测量模块，并利用基于三维扫描的逆向工程技术研究马达块的共享板犁。材料与方法。根据相关文献和专利资料，需要设计一种简单实用的犁铧板空间动力体装置。该装置应允许通过动态测量以高精度识别力rx, ry和rz。我们开发了一种装置，通过动态测量来测量所有力rx, ry和rz。获合理化提案第1173号“犁铧板犁体动力测量实验模块”(22.01.2018)证书。国家研究莫尔多维亚州立大学)。结果。我们设计并制造了一个测力模块，定义了该装置的几何形状，并在实验室测试了马达块的犁，并识别了犁与土壤相互作用的图形和近似依赖功率。结论。所得的近似方程使我们能够分析犁铧犁体与土壤相互作用力变化的性质，并计算其变化的极限。此外，使用近似依赖关系的力量使我们能够确定它们对犁的稳定性和马达块的牵引特性的影响程度。
{"title":"Design of a Dynamometric Module for Studying a Motoblock Share-Moldboard Plow and Its Practical Testing by Using Reverse Engineering","authors":"V. Kupryashkin, A. S. Ulanov, N. I. Naumkin","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.400-415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.400-415","url":null,"abstract":"with plow in this case. The analysis of work of the walking tractor shows that the object of the disturbances in plowing is its working body, in this case a plow, which is influenced by normal and shear interaction forces between the plow body and soil ( R x , R y , R z ) which can be determined by spatial dynamometric disruption of the body. The aim of the study is to develop a dynamometric module and to research share-mouldboard plow of the motoblock using reverse engineering based on 3D scan. Materials and Methods. According to relevant literature and patent sources it is need to design a simple and functional device for the spatial dynamometrical body of share- mouldboard plow. This devise should allow to identify the forces R x , R y and R z with high accuracy by dynamometrical measurements. We developed the device providing the measurement of all forces R x , R y and R z by dynamometrical measurements. The authors received a certificate for rationalization proposal No. 1173 “Experimental module for dynamometrical measurements of share-mouldboard plow body” (22.01.2018. National Research Mordovia State University). Results. We designed and manufactured a dynamometric module, defined the geometry of this device, and tested the plow of the motoblock in the laboratory with identification of graphical and approximating dependency power of the interaction of the plow with soil. Conclusions. Obtained approximating equations allow us to analyze the nature of the change of interaction forces of share-mouldboard plow body of motoblock with the soil and calculate the limits their variation. In addition, the use of the power of approximating dependences allow us to determine the extent of their influence on the stability of the plow and the traction characteristics of the motoblock.","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"400-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90997382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.416-428
S. Mokrushin, V. S. Khoroshavin, Sergey I. Ohapkin, A. Zotov, V. S. Grudinin
Introduction.Ensuring the safety of country food industry in terms of the duration of storage and the quality of products is impossible without sterilizing products in autoclaves. The effectiveness of the sterilization processes depends on the degree of their automation. In the last twenty years, the improvement of automatic and automated control systems was primarily based on the development of technical means for automation without theoretical justification of decision-making. The proposed work is aimed at identifying the links between the parameters and connections of the sterilization process and the choice of structural and parametric features of the control system. Materials and Methods. A qualitative analysis is carried out based on the modern theory of automatic control for an approximative model of the thermal process of steam heating in an autoclave, taking into account the laws of heat transfer and the sufficiency of using a twodimensional model depending upon the structural and functional features of the model, which have regard to the parameters and relationships of the process, namely, the Kalman’s controllability properties of the model in the time domain in the state-space representation (the transition from the transfer function with zeros in the numerator to the normal differential system differential equations is also described). There were also analized the stability properties of the model in the frequency domain by means of transfer functions and structural transformations and the relationship of parameters in the form of inequalities with the subsequent choice of proportional-integral-differential configuration components for a real autoclave using the matrix of expert estimates. Results. It is shown that to make a qualitatively study of the issues of controllability and stability of the approximative model of the thermal process of water heating by steam in an autoclave, depending on the process parameters, it is necessary to represent the model the time domain (in the state-space representation) and in the frequency domain (in the form of transfer functions). The analysis of the controllability of the process is based on three approaches: the first (formalized) approach is based on the representation of the model in the form of a normal system of ordinary differential equations in the Cauchy form with the development of a method of decreasing the order of the higher derivatives of coordinates and introducing additional control signals taking into account the control derivatives; the second (unformalized) is based on the exclusion of management derivatives through structural transformation; the third (direct) approach uses the first-order heat balance and heat conduction equations derived from physical considerations. Under the conditions of Kalman’s controllability, dependencies between the parameters of the process and the degree of its controllability have been obtained.The analysis of the stability of the process is
{"title":"The Analysis of Controllability and Stability of an Approximate Model of Heat Transfer in an Autoclave","authors":"S. Mokrushin, V. S. Khoroshavin, Sergey I. Ohapkin, A. Zotov, V. S. Grudinin","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.416-428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.416-428","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction.Ensuring the safety of country food industry in terms of the duration of storage and the quality of products is impossible without sterilizing products in autoclaves. The effectiveness of the sterilization processes depends on the degree of their automation. In the last twenty years, the improvement of automatic and automated control systems was primarily based on the development of technical means for automation without theoretical justification of decision-making. The proposed work is aimed at identifying the links between the parameters and connections of the sterilization process and the choice of structural and parametric features of the control system. \u0000Materials and Methods. A qualitative analysis is carried out based on the modern theory of automatic control for an approximative model of the thermal process of steam heating in an autoclave, taking into account the laws of heat transfer and the sufficiency of using a twodimensional model depending upon the structural and functional features of the model, which have regard to the parameters and relationships of the process, namely, the Kalman’s controllability properties of the model in the time domain in the state-space representation (the transition from the transfer function with zeros in the numerator to the normal differential system differential equations is also described). There were also analized the stability properties of the model in the frequency domain by means of transfer functions and structural transformations and the relationship of parameters in the form of inequalities with the subsequent choice of proportional-integral-differential configuration components for a real autoclave using the matrix of expert estimates. \u0000Results. It is shown that to make a qualitatively study of the issues of controllability and stability of the approximative model of the thermal process of water heating by steam in an autoclave, depending on the process parameters, it is necessary to represent the model the time domain (in the state-space representation) and in the frequency domain (in the form of transfer functions). The analysis of the controllability of the process is based on three approaches: the first (formalized) approach is based on the representation of the model in the form of a normal system of ordinary differential equations in the Cauchy form with the development of a method of decreasing the order of the higher derivatives of coordinates and introducing additional control signals taking into account the control derivatives; the second (unformalized) is based on the exclusion of management derivatives through structural transformation; the third (direct) approach uses the first-order heat balance and heat conduction equations derived from physical considerations. Under the conditions of Kalman’s controllability, dependencies between the parameters of the process and the degree of its controllability have been obtained.The analysis of the stability of the process is ","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75954692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.344-351
Pavel P. Lipasov, V. N. Shchennikov
Introduction. It is impossible to take into account all the forces acting in the process of mathematical modeling of dynamic processes. In order that mathematical models the most accurately describe the dynamic processes, they must include the terms that correspond the constant perturbations. These problems arise in applied tasks. In this paper we consider the case when the system allows for the partial equilibrium position. The aim of this work is to prove the stability theorem for the partial equilibrium position at constant perturbations, which are small at every instant. Materials and Methods. The research objects are nonlinear systems of differential equations that allow for a partial equilibrium position. Using the second Lyapunov method, there are proved the stability theorems for the constant perturbations of the partial equilibrium position, which are small at every instant. Results. Together with the introduction of stability for a part of the variables, it has become necessary to introduce stability for the part of phase variables under constant perturbations. The first stability theorem of the part of phase variables under constant perturbations was obtained by A. S. Oziraner. In this work, we prove a theorem of the stability of the constant perturbations of the partial equilibrium position, small at every instant. It should be noted that there is no stability theorems of constant perturbations for the partial equilibrium position. Thus, the theorem proved in this work is of a pioneer nature. Conclusions. The theorem 3 proved in the work is the development of the mathematical theory of stability. The results of this work are applicable in the mechanics of controlled motion, nonlinear system.
{"title":"Stability with Respect to a Part of Variables under Constant Perturbations of the Partial Equilibrium Position of Differential Equation Nonlinear Systems","authors":"Pavel P. Lipasov, V. N. Shchennikov","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.344-351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.344-351","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. It is impossible to take into account all the forces acting in the process of mathematical modeling of dynamic processes. In order that mathematical models the most accurately describe the dynamic processes, they must include the terms that correspond the constant perturbations. These problems arise in applied tasks. In this paper we consider the case when the system allows for the partial equilibrium position. The aim of this work is to prove the stability theorem for the partial equilibrium position at constant perturbations, which are small at every instant. \u0000Materials and Methods. The research objects are nonlinear systems of differential equations that allow for a partial equilibrium position. Using the second Lyapunov method, there are proved the stability theorems for the constant perturbations of the partial equilibrium position, which are small at every instant.\u0000Results. Together with the introduction of stability for a part of the variables, it has become necessary to introduce stability for the part of phase variables under constant perturbations. The first stability theorem of the part of phase variables under constant perturbations was obtained by A. S. Oziraner. In this work, we prove a theorem of the stability of the constant perturbations of the partial equilibrium position, small at every instant. It should be noted that there is no stability theorems of constant perturbations for the partial equilibrium position. Thus, the theorem proved in this work is of a pioneer nature. \u0000Conclusions. The theorem 3 proved in the work is the development of the mathematical theory of stability. The results of this work are applicable in the mechanics of controlled motion, nonlinear system.","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84925690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.302-320
A. D. Verkhoturov, V. Ivanov, A. Dorokhov, L. Konevtsov, S. Velichko
Introduction. The method of electrospark alloying of metal surfaces was proposed by the Russian scientists B. R. Lazarenko and N. I. Lazarenko. It is possible to apply this process to the surface of the workpiece from any conductive materials of a hardened alloyed layer of material to ensure high hardness, heat resistance, wear resistance and other properties of the executive surfaces of the parts. The paper shows the possibility of formulating criteria for determining the efficiency of the electrospark alloying process and the properties of the doped layer, depending on the properties of d-elements determined by their position in the periodic table and a number of (s+d)-electrons of electrode materials. A similar approach to determining performance criteria can be recommended for other high-energy materials exposure processes. Materials and Мethods. The authors used steel 45 as the material of the rim sections and refractory d-metals of IV-VI groups: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Vo, Hf, Ta, W; а также d-metals: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, Cd, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and p-metals: Al, Bi, Sb, Sn, Pb as anode materials for creating doped layers. The installations used for electric-spark alloying: EFI-10M, EFI-46A, EFI-25M, EFI-66, Electrom-10, ELFA-541, Elitron-22, IMEI-01-2A; Corona- 1101; microscope MII-4, MIM-10, BIOLAM-M, EMA-100, Axiosplan-2; Profiler P-201 “Caliber”; microthermometry PMT-3M, DUH-W201, Shimadzu. In the study of erosion there we used the installation of “Atovic absorption spectrophotometer, Varian AA-4”. The generator GOS-3OM and installation SLS-10-1 wer used for laser processing. Results. The generalization of the schemes of the process of electric-spark alloying in single and repeated exposure of the model anode material was made. At the cathode there is a hole with a different degree of filling of the cathode material or representing the zone of mutual crystallization of the anode material and the cathode. When exposed to spark discharge in a gaseous medium, there are differences in the formation of holes due to the more intense transfer of eroded material to the opposite electrode, especially to the cathode. Dependences of some properties (microhardness, melting point, elastic modulus) of refractory d-metals on their location in the IV–VI periods of the periodic table are obtained and presented. Dimensional and volumetric relations of d-elements in electrospark alloying were established, depending on their location in the periodic table. Dependences of the properties of model electrode materials on the statistical weight of atomic stable configurations, as well as the dependence of the erosion of the anode of transition metals on the number (s+d)- electrons and the interelectrode medium. The patterns of d-metals erosion under electrospark alloying and other types of high-energy impact to the surface have been found. Conclusions. Based on the results of this research, it can be stated that in order to achieve higher coating propert
{"title":"Effect of the Nature of Electrode Materials on Erosion and Properties of Doped Layers. The Criteria for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Electrospark Alloying","authors":"A. D. Verkhoturov, V. Ivanov, A. Dorokhov, L. Konevtsov, S. Velichko","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.302-320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.302-320","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The method of electrospark alloying of metal surfaces was proposed by the Russian scientists B. R. Lazarenko and N. I. Lazarenko. It is possible to apply this process to the surface of the workpiece from any conductive materials of a hardened alloyed layer of material to ensure high hardness, heat resistance, wear resistance and other properties of the executive surfaces of the parts. The paper shows the possibility of formulating criteria for determining the efficiency of the electrospark alloying process and the properties of the doped layer, depending on the properties of d-elements determined by their position in the periodic table and a number of (s+d)-electrons of electrode materials. A similar approach to determining performance criteria can be recommended for other high-energy materials exposure processes. \u0000Materials and Мethods. The authors used steel 45 as the material of the rim sections and refractory d-metals of IV-VI groups: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Vo, Hf, Ta, W; а также d-metals: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, Cd, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and p-metals: Al, Bi, Sb, Sn, Pb as anode materials for creating doped layers. The installations used for electric-spark alloying: EFI-10M, EFI-46A, EFI-25M, EFI-66, Electrom-10, ELFA-541, Elitron-22, IMEI-01-2A; Corona- 1101; microscope MII-4, MIM-10, BIOLAM-M, EMA-100, Axiosplan-2; Profiler P-201 “Caliber”; microthermometry PMT-3M, DUH-W201, Shimadzu. In the study of erosion there we used the installation of “Atovic absorption spectrophotometer, Varian AA-4”. The generator GOS-3OM and installation SLS-10-1 wer used for laser processing.\u0000Results. The generalization of the schemes of the process of electric-spark alloying in single and repeated exposure of the model anode material was made. At the cathode there is a hole with a different degree of filling of the cathode material or representing the zone of mutual crystallization of the anode material and the cathode. When exposed to spark discharge in a gaseous medium, there are differences in the formation of holes due to the more intense transfer of eroded material to the opposite electrode, especially to the cathode. Dependences of some properties (microhardness, melting point, elastic modulus) of refractory d-metals on their location in the IV–VI periods of the periodic table are obtained and presented. Dimensional and volumetric relations of d-elements in electrospark alloying were established, depending on their location in the periodic table. Dependences of the properties of model electrode materials on the statistical weight of atomic stable configurations, as well as the dependence of the erosion of the anode of transition metals on the number (s+d)- electrons and the interelectrode medium. The patterns of d-metals erosion under electrospark alloying and other types of high-energy impact to the surface have been found. \u0000Conclusions. Based on the results of this research, it can be stated that in order to achieve higher coating propert","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80342889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.321-332
P. A. Shamanaev, O. S. Yazovtseva
Introduction. The article considers the problem of stability of the mathematical model of the trivial equilibrium. The model describes the biocenosis dynamics with the predatorprey type interspecific interaction, which is a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations with perturbations in the form of vector polynoms. The examined system is considered provided that the birth rate of biological species does not exceed mortality rate. Materials and Methods. The article states the sufficient conditions for asymptomatic stability. The proof is based on the construction of an operator equation in a Banach space, which connects the solution of the nonlinear system and its linear approximation. The existence of the operator equation solution is proved through using the Schauder fixed point principle. It is shown that there is Brauer local asymptotic equivalence between the solutions of the investigated system and its linear approximation and the differences between the components of the solutions of the nonlinear system and its linear approximation tends to zero evenly with respect to the initial values. Results. As a case in point, the authors consider the model of the predator-prey type in the case when two species feed on the third one. The conditions for stability and asymptotic stability for a part of the variables of the trivial equilibrium of the abundance dynamics of two predator populations and one prey population under different fertility rates of biological species are given. The graphs of a number of populations with different vaues of the difference between the birth rate and the mortality rate of partucular species are constructed. Conclusions. Depending on the difference between fertility and mortality of biological species, the population dynamics of two populations of “predators” and one population of “preys” is analyzed over time.
{"title":"Studying the Equilibrium State Stability of the Biocenosis Dynamics System under the Conditions of Interspecies Interaction","authors":"P. A. Shamanaev, O. S. Yazovtseva","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.321-332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.321-332","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article considers the problem of stability of the mathematical model of the trivial equilibrium. The model describes the biocenosis dynamics with the predatorprey type interspecific interaction, which is a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations with perturbations in the form of vector polynoms. The examined system is considered provided that the birth rate of biological species does not exceed mortality rate. \u0000Materials and Methods. The article states the sufficient conditions for asymptomatic stability. The proof is based on the construction of an operator equation in a Banach space, which connects the solution of the nonlinear system and its linear approximation. The existence of the operator equation solution is proved through using the Schauder fixed point principle. It is shown that there is Brauer local asymptotic equivalence between the solutions of the investigated system and its linear approximation and the differences between the components of the solutions of the nonlinear system and its linear approximation tends to zero evenly with respect to the initial values.\u0000Results. As a case in point, the authors consider the model of the predator-prey type in the case when two species feed on the third one. The conditions for stability and asymptotic stability for a part of the variables of the trivial equilibrium of the abundance dynamics of two predator populations and one prey population under different fertility rates of biological species are given. The graphs of a number of populations with different vaues of the difference between the birth rate and the mortality rate of partucular species are constructed. \u0000Conclusions. Depending on the difference between fertility and mortality of biological species, the population dynamics of two populations of “predators” and one population of “preys” is analyzed over time.","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86398527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.379-388
V. Ovchinnikov, M. Chatkin, A. V. Ovchinnikova
Introduction. When cultivating agricultural crops, it is necessary to take into account the plants’ need for moisture, nutrients, location by area of nutrition, determining illumination, etc. Taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, various methods of sowing are used to create favorable conditions for plant growth and development. An important condition for sowing is the uniform arrangement of seeds along the sulcus, especially in the cultivation of testes of small-seeded cultures. A key role in the uniformity of seeding is provided by the design parameters and kinematic operating conditions of the sowing device. Materials and Methods. To determine the optimal parameters and operating modes of the disk sowing device, methods of factor experiment and multi-criteria optimization were used. Results. Mathematical models of the technological process of sowing seeds were obtained based of experimental studies. Conclusions. To ensure the improvement of the seeding quality of small seeds, the design parameters of the experimental seeder: х4 – is the diameter of the cell; х5 – the number of cells on the disk, will tend to the maximum values. The optimum circumferential speed of the sowing disk should be in the range from 0.127 to 0.192 m/s, and the speed of the machine’s movement is no more than 2 m/s.
{"title":"Optimization of Parameters and Operating Modes of Disc Sowing Device According to Seeding Uniformity Criterion","authors":"V. Ovchinnikov, M. Chatkin, A. V. Ovchinnikova","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.379-388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.379-388","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. When cultivating agricultural crops, it is necessary to take into account the plants’ need for moisture, nutrients, location by area of nutrition, determining illumination, etc. Taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, various methods of sowing are used to create favorable conditions for plant growth and development. An important condition for sowing is the uniform arrangement of seeds along the sulcus, especially in the cultivation of testes of small-seeded cultures. A key role in the uniformity of seeding is provided by the design parameters and kinematic operating conditions of the sowing device. Materials and Methods. To determine the optimal parameters and operating modes of the disk sowing device, methods of factor experiment and multi-criteria optimization were used. Results. Mathematical models of the technological process of sowing seeds were obtained based of experimental studies. Conclusions. To ensure the improvement of the seeding quality of small seeds, the design parameters of the experimental seeder: х4 – is the diameter of the cell; х5 – the number of cells on the disk, will tend to the maximum values. The optimum circumferential speed of the sowing disk should be in the range from 0.127 to 0.192 m/s, and the speed of the machine’s movement is no more than 2 m/s.","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89233479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.389-399
A. Galkin, D. Fadeev, I. Uschapovsky
Introduction. The processe of harvesting fiber flax is characterized by tough interactions of the work tools of the flax puller and parts of plants. Different principles and design of work tools for taking out seed bolls from the stem, used in flax harvesting machines, have both advantages and disadvantages. Single-drum comb deseeders are the most effective, but the level of damage to the stems caused during the working of these mechanisms is high. The purpose of this work is the experimental substantiation of constructive changes in the comb deseeder, which allows reducing damage to the stems of the flax fiber in the process of combing and improving the quality of the flax material. Materials and Methods. Fields and laboratories studies of flax harvesting and technological tests of flax straw and fiber were carried out according to the existing methods and standard protocols (GOST). The influence of the harvesting combine speed and deseeder type (the drum for the taking flax balls off by the stems’ combing and for the transporting removed balls to hopper) on the yield and quality of the fiber were determined. The fiber flax variety Alexim (cultivated by All Russian Research Institute for Flax Production, Torzhok) was used as a plant object and the harvesting was carried out in the vegetation stage “yellow stem” – “full ripeness”. Results. The classical design of the combing drum with four ridges for deseeding was changed to three ones that means only one of ridges should be in the layer of flax stems during the combing process. That design could decrease damage to the stems when deseeding stems. Instrumental assessment of fiber shows that after the deseeding by the threeridges drum the quality of flax straw was 0.97–1.09 numbers that was by 0.19–0.28 numbers higher than after using four-ridges drums. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the reducing of the load on the flax stems has a positive effect on the quality of the fibrous products. The yield of long fiber increases by 1.27–1.54% (abs.), and the fiber quality – by 0.3 numbers.
{"title":"Studying Quality Characteristics of Flax Fiber Depending on Deseeding Device Design","authors":"A. Galkin, D. Fadeev, I. Uschapovsky","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.389-399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.389-399","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The processe of harvesting fiber flax is characterized by tough interactions of the work tools of the flax puller and parts of plants. Different principles and design of work tools for taking out seed bolls from the stem, used in flax harvesting machines, have both advantages and disadvantages. Single-drum comb deseeders are the most effective, but the level of damage to the stems caused during the working of these mechanisms is high. The purpose of this work is the experimental substantiation of constructive changes in the comb deseeder, which allows reducing damage to the stems of the flax fiber in the process of combing and improving the quality of the flax material. \u0000Materials and Methods. Fields and laboratories studies of flax harvesting and technological tests of flax straw and fiber were carried out according to the existing methods and standard protocols (GOST). The influence of the harvesting combine speed and deseeder type (the drum for the taking flax balls off by the stems’ combing and for the transporting removed balls to hopper) on the yield and quality of the fiber were determined. The fiber flax variety Alexim (cultivated by All Russian Research Institute for Flax Production, Torzhok) was used as a plant object and the harvesting was carried out in the vegetation stage “yellow stem” – “full ripeness”. \u0000Results. The classical design of the combing drum with four ridges for deseeding was changed to three ones that means only one of ridges should be in the layer of flax stems during the combing process. That design could decrease damage to the stems when deseeding stems. Instrumental assessment of fiber shows that after the deseeding by the threeridges drum the quality of flax straw was 0.97–1.09 numbers that was by 0.19–0.28 numbers higher than after using four-ridges drums. \u0000Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the reducing of the load on the flax stems has a positive effect on the quality of the fibrous products. The yield of long fiber increases by 1.27–1.54% (abs.), and the fiber quality – by 0.3 numbers.","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87893616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.333-343
A. Kharin, O. Kharina, Aleksandr V. Rodyukov, Elena S. Petrova
Introduction. The problem of mathematical modeling in innovative technologies is the lack of a developed general model of innovation processes. The existing approaches allow simulating innovations from any one part: political, economic (in various aspects) or describe the general structure of innovative activity. For example, innovations can be estimated such indicator as sales volume of an innovative product. However, it does not mean that there are no other indicators or they are not important. Materials and Methods. The models by L. Leydesdorf and S. Kauffman, including NK model originally used for the analysis of development of biological populations, were chosen for research of the model choice problems of the innovative integrated structure between university, the enterprise and research laboratory. Results. Modeling the innovative integrated structure between participants of process is carried out based on expert assessment of the innovative landscape for a case of the maximum interdependence. Conclusions. A brief description of modeling methods in innovative technologies is presented in this article. The general description of the problem sphere is given. The current state of researches of this problem is specified. The imitation of innovative networks development options based on the NK model at the independent strategy of participants is constructed. The case of the maximum complexity of network when all participants of an innovation are interconnected and also local and global optimum in a landscape of projects payback is considered.
{"title":"A Perspective Model of Innovative Integrated Structure Comprising University, Research Facility and Enterprise","authors":"A. Kharin, O. Kharina, Aleksandr V. Rodyukov, Elena S. Petrova","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.333-343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.333-343","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The problem of mathematical modeling in innovative technologies is the lack of a developed general model of innovation processes. The existing approaches allow simulating innovations from any one part: political, economic (in various aspects) or describe the general structure of innovative activity. For example, innovations can be estimated such indicator as sales volume of an innovative product. However, it does not mean that there are no other indicators or they are not important. \u0000Materials and Methods. The models by L. Leydesdorf and S. Kauffman, including NK model originally used for the analysis of development of biological populations, were chosen for research of the model choice problems of the innovative integrated structure between university, the enterprise and research laboratory.\u0000Results. Modeling the innovative integrated structure between participants of process is carried out based on expert assessment of the innovative landscape for a case of the maximum interdependence. \u0000Conclusions. A brief description of modeling methods in innovative technologies is presented in this article. The general description of the problem sphere is given. The current state of researches of this problem is specified. The imitation of innovative networks development options based on the NK model at the independent strategy of participants is constructed. The case of the maximum complexity of network when all participants of an innovation are interconnected and also local and global optimum in a landscape of projects payback is considered.","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74963291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.366-378
I. Antypas, A. Dyachenko
Introduction. The composite materials have not been widely used in the Russian economy (especially in agriculture) until recently. It is relevant to use them for manufacturing some parts of agricultural machinery, for example, racks of cultivator paws. These parts often break down because of stress concentration in the places where their thickness changes during the time of plowing. The stress can be decreased by using com- posite materials. Materials and Methods. This paper presents the study results on the use of composite materials for manufacturing of cultivator racks with the appropriate selection of the volume ratio of fibers in each of the layers of fabric and layers of binder. Results. Based on the results, the design safety factor was calculated to be equal to 2. It should be noted that the values of the mechanical characteristics of the material changed because of the presence of a porosity coefficient, which was 11.6 %, while the allowable value was 4%. Field tests have shown the durability of a new composite material, even under severe operating conditions, compared to a conventional rack made of alloy steel. Conclusions. Studying the mechanical behavior of the rack geometric model and modeling a material with high mechanical properties, which later was used for manufacturing a composite material, we could get the minimum safety factor of 4, with the maximum safety factor for workers – 15. The racks from composite material are economically feasible as less expensive than used steel racks.
{"title":"Modeling, Studying and Manufacturing a Cultivator Rack from Composite Materials","authors":"I. Antypas, A. Dyachenko","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.366-378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.366-378","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The composite materials have not been widely used in the Russian economy (especially in agriculture) until recently. It is relevant to use them for manufacturing some parts of agricultural machinery, for example, racks of cultivator paws. These parts often break down because of stress concentration in the places where their thickness changes during the time of plowing. The stress can be decreased by using com- posite materials. Materials and Methods. This paper presents the study results on the use of composite materials for manufacturing of cultivator racks with the appropriate selection of the volume ratio of fibers in each of the layers of fabric and layers of binder. Results. Based on the results, the design safety factor was calculated to be equal to 2. It should be noted that the values of the mechanical characteristics of the material changed because of the presence of a porosity coefficient, which was 11.6 %, while the allowable value was 4%. Field tests have shown the durability of a new composite material, even under severe operating conditions, compared to a conventional rack made of alloy steel. Conclusions. Studying the mechanical behavior of the rack geometric model and modeling a material with high mechanical properties, which later was used for manufacturing a composite material, we could get the minimum safety factor of 4, with the maximum safety factor for workers – 15. The racks from composite material are economically feasible as less expensive than used steel racks.","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79377089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.352-365
S. Yamashkin, A. Yamashkin
Introduction. In evaluating the space-time structure of the Earth’s surface, the data of remote sensing of the Earth become more important. Increasing the effectiveness of space survey analysis tools is possible through studying the problem of obtaining an integrated space-time characterization of the state of lands. The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of the automated analysis of remote sensing data by taking into account the invariant and dynamic descriptors of the vicinity. Materials and Methods. In order to improve the accuracy of the remote sensing data classification, a computation of complex space-time characteristics of the state of the lands was conducted based on the system analysis of data characterizing the dynamic and invariant states of the territory surrounding the geophysical site. The formalization of this process includes methods for calculating a set of numerical descriptors of the neighborhood: local entropy, local range, standard deviation, color moment, histogram of hues, and color cortege. A technique for calculating a complex descriptor based on the Fisher vector is described. To approbate the solution, a plan for the experiment was drawn up and a sample of the initial data was sampled. Results. The approbation of the methodology and the algorithm developed on its basis, implemented as a set of programs, on the test polygon system showed a variation in the classification accuracy in the range of 81–89% (without regard to the neighborhood), and taking into account the neighborhood, it increases to 91–97%. It is revealed that a significant increase in the radius of the analyzed neighborhood leads to a decrease in the classification accuracy. Conclusions. The application of the developed set of programs allows for the rapid implementation of modeling of spatial systems for the purpose of thematic mapping of land use and analyzing the development of emergency situations. The developed methodology for analyzing lands with regard to the descriptors of the neighborhood makes it possible to improve the accuracy of classification.
{"title":"Improving the Efficiency of Remote Sensing Data Interpretation by Analyzing Neighborhood Descriptors","authors":"S. Yamashkin, A. Yamashkin","doi":"10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.352-365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201803.352-365","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In evaluating the space-time structure of the Earth’s surface, the data of remote sensing of the Earth become more important. Increasing the effectiveness of space survey analysis tools is possible through studying the problem of obtaining an integrated space-time characterization of the state of lands. The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of the automated analysis of remote sensing data by taking into account the invariant and dynamic descriptors of the vicinity. Materials and Methods. In order to improve the accuracy of the remote sensing data classification, a computation of complex space-time characteristics of the state of the lands was conducted based on the system analysis of data characterizing the dynamic and invariant states of the territory surrounding the geophysical site. The formalization of this process includes methods for calculating a set of numerical descriptors of the neighborhood: local entropy, local range, standard deviation, color moment, histogram of hues, and color cortege. A technique for calculating a complex descriptor based on the Fisher vector is described. To approbate the solution, a plan for the experiment was drawn up and a sample of the initial data was sampled. Results. The approbation of the methodology and the algorithm developed on its basis, implemented as a set of programs, on the test polygon system showed a variation in the classification accuracy in the range of 81–89% (without regard to the neighborhood), and taking into account the neighborhood, it increases to 91–97%. It is revealed that a significant increase in the radius of the analyzed neighborhood leads to a decrease in the classification accuracy. Conclusions. The application of the developed set of programs allows for the rapid implementation of modeling of spatial systems for the purpose of thematic mapping of land use and analyzing the development of emergency situations. The developed methodology for analyzing lands with regard to the descriptors of the neighborhood makes it possible to improve the accuracy of classification.","PeriodicalId":53930,"journal":{"name":"Mordovia University Bulletin","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87102754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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