Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.1080/0078172X.2022.2084255
Diane Strange
In January 1620, Sir George Calverley of Lea Hall, Cheshire, died intestate leaving behind him his widow, Lady Sidney Calverley, and five children. His eldest son, Hugh, aged six, was now a ward of court, the wardship falling to Prince Charles as Earl of Chester. Wardship was often problematic for widows regardless of their geographic location, but in counties where there was a particularly strong sense of community, kinship bonds and local rivalries could add an extra layer of anxiety and discord to their litigation. Lady Calverley confronted prejudice as widow, stepmother, and, being Welsh, as an outsider. Using court records and correspondence, this article examines the circumstances of Lady Calverley’s case and dissects how it unfolded through and beyond Prince Charles’s court of wards, an important but overlooked institution that to date has received no in-depth historical analysis. It illuminates the problems women faced in establishing themselves in close-knit communities, as well as how disadvantaged a widow could be in a patriarchal society despite the relative freedom she enjoyed as a feme sole.
{"title":"Fighting for Hugh: The Wardship of ‘Younge Calueley’ of Lea Hall, Cheshire, 1620","authors":"Diane Strange","doi":"10.1080/0078172X.2022.2084255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172X.2022.2084255","url":null,"abstract":"In January 1620, Sir George Calverley of Lea Hall, Cheshire, died intestate leaving behind him his widow, Lady Sidney Calverley, and five children. His eldest son, Hugh, aged six, was now a ward of court, the wardship falling to Prince Charles as Earl of Chester. Wardship was often problematic for widows regardless of their geographic location, but in counties where there was a particularly strong sense of community, kinship bonds and local rivalries could add an extra layer of anxiety and discord to their litigation. Lady Calverley confronted prejudice as widow, stepmother, and, being Welsh, as an outsider. Using court records and correspondence, this article examines the circumstances of Lady Calverley’s case and dissects how it unfolded through and beyond Prince Charles’s court of wards, an important but overlooked institution that to date has received no in-depth historical analysis. It illuminates the problems women faced in establishing themselves in close-knit communities, as well as how disadvantaged a widow could be in a patriarchal society despite the relative freedom she enjoyed as a feme sole.","PeriodicalId":53945,"journal":{"name":"Northern History","volume":"59 1","pages":"177 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49122187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.1080/0078172X.2022.2076277
I. McCleery
{"title":"RICHARD D. WRAGG, The guild book of the Barbers and Surgeons of York (British Library, Egerton MS 2572): Study and Edition","authors":"I. McCleery","doi":"10.1080/0078172X.2022.2076277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172X.2022.2076277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53945,"journal":{"name":"Northern History","volume":"59 1","pages":"308 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47838808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.1080/0078172X.2022.2083434
Tom Licence
{"title":"REGINALD OF DURHAM, The Life and Miracles of Saint Godric, Hermit of Finchale,","authors":"Tom Licence","doi":"10.1080/0078172X.2022.2083434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172X.2022.2083434","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53945,"journal":{"name":"Northern History","volume":"59 1","pages":"302 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43079097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.1080/0078172X.2022.2146563
R. James
{"title":"JO BYRNE, Beyond Trawlertown: Memory, Life and Legacy in the Wake of the Cod Wars","authors":"R. James","doi":"10.1080/0078172X.2022.2146563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172X.2022.2146563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53945,"journal":{"name":"Northern History","volume":"60 1","pages":"138 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42977958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.1080/0078172x.2022.2150113
Saeko Yoshikawa
gin. Ponds and lakes were created by local landowners and landscapers for aesthetic and leisure purposes. Mill ponds were constructed in large numbers by textile manufacturers seeking a readily accessible source of water: there were at least 150 mill ponds in Leeds by the early twentieth century. Water was required for many textile processes, of course, including scouring, bleaching, fulling, wet spinning (of flax), cropping, as well as for regular washing and cleaning activities, for fighting mill fires, and to supply steam engines. One of Silson’s most interesting observations is that many of the mill ponds drew their water from wells, boreholes and springs, rather than from goits or mill races fed by streams and rivers. Yet, the underground water table to the west of Leeds was in places hundreds of feet below the surface. Thus, while it has often been asserted that the steam engine liberated the British textile industry from the geographical tyranny of having to locate near running streams with often uncertain volumes of water, in fact the precocious spread of flax and woollen mills in the Leeds area likely depended, at least in part, on manufacturers’ ability to access underground sources of water, and on drilling and pumping capacities. Another point that emerges is the transience and impermanence of many of these bodies of water. Ponds disappeared sometimes within a few years of their construction. Mill ponds would be filled when their mill was closed down or demolished, or, in the case of Holly Park Dam, Calverley, when electric power replaced old boilers. The fate of stretches of water that were the inadvertent result of other activities could be equally uncertain. Hollow basins filled with water when open cast mines and quarries were abandoned or when old underground mines subsided. Several of the lakes in the ‘Lake District’ to the south-east of Leeds owed their origins to mining, but have been preserved as nature reserves and recreational sites. Other quarry and mining lakes were filled in or had colliery waste dumped into them to create slag heaps. Silson ends his account on an optimistic note, describing the development of Central Park in east Leeds, located between new residential housing and Thorpe Park retail estate. The park has now six small lakes where there were none in 1980. As many of their predecessors did over the past three centuries, these developers have recognised the commercial value of creating bodies of water in the area, as well as the positive role that water and the natural habitat can play in people’s well-being.
{"title":"JEAN TURNBULL, The Impact of Motor Transport on Westmorland c.1900–1939","authors":"Saeko Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1080/0078172x.2022.2150113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172x.2022.2150113","url":null,"abstract":"gin. Ponds and lakes were created by local landowners and landscapers for aesthetic and leisure purposes. Mill ponds were constructed in large numbers by textile manufacturers seeking a readily accessible source of water: there were at least 150 mill ponds in Leeds by the early twentieth century. Water was required for many textile processes, of course, including scouring, bleaching, fulling, wet spinning (of flax), cropping, as well as for regular washing and cleaning activities, for fighting mill fires, and to supply steam engines. One of Silson’s most interesting observations is that many of the mill ponds drew their water from wells, boreholes and springs, rather than from goits or mill races fed by streams and rivers. Yet, the underground water table to the west of Leeds was in places hundreds of feet below the surface. Thus, while it has often been asserted that the steam engine liberated the British textile industry from the geographical tyranny of having to locate near running streams with often uncertain volumes of water, in fact the precocious spread of flax and woollen mills in the Leeds area likely depended, at least in part, on manufacturers’ ability to access underground sources of water, and on drilling and pumping capacities. Another point that emerges is the transience and impermanence of many of these bodies of water. Ponds disappeared sometimes within a few years of their construction. Mill ponds would be filled when their mill was closed down or demolished, or, in the case of Holly Park Dam, Calverley, when electric power replaced old boilers. The fate of stretches of water that were the inadvertent result of other activities could be equally uncertain. Hollow basins filled with water when open cast mines and quarries were abandoned or when old underground mines subsided. Several of the lakes in the ‘Lake District’ to the south-east of Leeds owed their origins to mining, but have been preserved as nature reserves and recreational sites. Other quarry and mining lakes were filled in or had colliery waste dumped into them to create slag heaps. Silson ends his account on an optimistic note, describing the development of Central Park in east Leeds, located between new residential housing and Thorpe Park retail estate. The park has now six small lakes where there were none in 1980. As many of their predecessors did over the past three centuries, these developers have recognised the commercial value of creating bodies of water in the area, as well as the positive role that water and the natural habitat can play in people’s well-being.","PeriodicalId":53945,"journal":{"name":"Northern History","volume":"60 1","pages":"136 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1080/0078172X.2022.2142184
Matt Raven
The international wool trade was an important part of Northumberland’s economy in the fourteenth century, and participation in it was central to the working lives of many local merchants. However, in the mid-fourteenth century the wool trade was subjected to an unprecedented period of royal regulation and taxation. The reaction of local export merchants to this was smuggling. This article examines both the practice and the prosecution of wool smuggling from Northumberland, primarily by use of legal records, and sets smuggling in a wider commercial, constitutional and judicial context to reveal its wider regional significance. Firstly, it situates Northumberland as a region in which this illicit economy assumed a particularly substantial measure of importance in commercial life. Secondly, it engages with the question of governance. Here, by focusing on the perceived legitimacy of taxation and law enforcement in the North-east, it argues that the conflict which resulted from the crown’s attempt to reshape the wool trade led to the blunting of the institutional mechanisms which were supposed to police the export trade in Northumberland. Smuggling therefore reveals some of the limits of royal authority in the far north of England.
{"title":"Wool Smuggling and the Royal Government in Mid-Fourteenth Century Northumberland","authors":"Matt Raven","doi":"10.1080/0078172X.2022.2142184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172X.2022.2142184","url":null,"abstract":"The international wool trade was an important part of Northumberland’s economy in the fourteenth century, and participation in it was central to the working lives of many local merchants. However, in the mid-fourteenth century the wool trade was subjected to an unprecedented period of royal regulation and taxation. The reaction of local export merchants to this was smuggling. This article examines both the practice and the prosecution of wool smuggling from Northumberland, primarily by use of legal records, and sets smuggling in a wider commercial, constitutional and judicial context to reveal its wider regional significance. Firstly, it situates Northumberland as a region in which this illicit economy assumed a particularly substantial measure of importance in commercial life. Secondly, it engages with the question of governance. Here, by focusing on the perceived legitimacy of taxation and law enforcement in the North-east, it argues that the conflict which resulted from the crown’s attempt to reshape the wool trade led to the blunting of the institutional mechanisms which were supposed to police the export trade in Northumberland. Smuggling therefore reveals some of the limits of royal authority in the far north of England.","PeriodicalId":53945,"journal":{"name":"Northern History","volume":"60 1","pages":"2 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1080/0078172x.2022.2145256
Laura Flannigan
{"title":"THOMAS STEEL (Ed.), Loyalty and Levy: West Derby Hundred in Lancashire Seen in the Succession Act Oath Roll of 1534 and the Lay Subsidy Returns of 1545","authors":"Laura Flannigan","doi":"10.1080/0078172x.2022.2145256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172x.2022.2145256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53945,"journal":{"name":"Northern History","volume":"60 1","pages":"124 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49392258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1080/0078172X.2022.2136555
G. Hinton
This article looks at two forms of war memorial installed in Sunderland’s Mowbray Park after the Crimean War and the Indian Rebellion: captured Russian cannons and a statue of the most famous British commander in India, General Henry Havelock. Although unveiled only four years apart, in 1857 and 1861, the memorials had strikingly different gestations and receptions: the Crimean War ‘memorial’ caused significant contestation within the local political and civic arena, attracting only several thousand spectators to a disorganised unveiling ceremony; conversely, the statue to General Henry Havelock unified Sunderland’s body politic, its unveiling witnessed by up to 100,000 people. This article analyses the organisational processes of the memorials and the narratives they sought to convey—and in the case of the Crimean cannons, why they caused serious controversy—in order to determine why the outcomes were so different. It argues that the memorials were by-products of contemporaneous struggles occurring within civic society and their failure or success depended on uniting the disparate status groups, religious denominations and political wings of the middle-class elite.
{"title":"War Memorials and Culture Wars in Mid-Nineteenth Century Sunderland","authors":"G. Hinton","doi":"10.1080/0078172X.2022.2136555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172X.2022.2136555","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks at two forms of war memorial installed in Sunderland’s Mowbray Park after the Crimean War and the Indian Rebellion: captured Russian cannons and a statue of the most famous British commander in India, General Henry Havelock. Although unveiled only four years apart, in 1857 and 1861, the memorials had strikingly different gestations and receptions: the Crimean War ‘memorial’ caused significant contestation within the local political and civic arena, attracting only several thousand spectators to a disorganised unveiling ceremony; conversely, the statue to General Henry Havelock unified Sunderland’s body politic, its unveiling witnessed by up to 100,000 people. This article analyses the organisational processes of the memorials and the narratives they sought to convey—and in the case of the Crimean cannons, why they caused serious controversy—in order to determine why the outcomes were so different. It argues that the memorials were by-products of contemporaneous struggles occurring within civic society and their failure or success depended on uniting the disparate status groups, religious denominations and political wings of the middle-class elite.","PeriodicalId":53945,"journal":{"name":"Northern History","volume":"59 1","pages":"261 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41976302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1080/0078172x.2022.2128237
R. Hoyle
{"title":"The Memoirs of Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal Hall from 1633 to 1688","authors":"R. Hoyle","doi":"10.1080/0078172x.2022.2128237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172x.2022.2128237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53945,"journal":{"name":"Northern History","volume":"59 1","pages":"313 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43525345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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