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Preliminary study in the analysis of the severity of cardiac pathologies using the higher-order spectra on the heart-beats signals 利用心跳信号的高阶谱分析心脏病变严重程度的初步研究
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0010
Sid Ahmed Berraih, Y. N. Baakek, S. Debbal
Abstract Phonocardiography is a technique for recording and interpreting the mechanical activity of the heart. The recordings generated by such a technique are called phonocardiograms (PCG). The PCG signals are acoustic waves revealing a wealth of clinical information about cardiac health. They enable doctors to better understand heart sounds when presented visually. Hence, multiple approaches have been proposed to analyze heart sounds based on PCG recordings. Due to the complexity and the high nonlinear nature of these signals, a computer-aided technique based on higher-order statistics (HOS) is employed, it is known to be an important tool since it takes into account the non-linearity of the PCG signals. This method also known as the bispectrum technique, can provide significant information to enhance the diagnosis for an accurate and objective interpretation of heart condition. The objective expected by this paper is to test in a preliminary way the parameters which can make it possible to establish a discrimination between the various signals of different pathologies and to characterize the cardiac abnormalities. This preliminary study will be done on a reduced sample (nine signals) before applying it subsequently to a larger sample. This work examines the effectiveness of using the bispectrum technique in the analysis of the pathological severity of different PCG signals. The presented approach showed that HOS technique has a good potential for pathological discrimination of various PCG signals.
心音图是一种记录和解释心脏机械活动的技术。这种技术产生的记录被称为心音图(PCG)。PCG信号是一种声波,揭示了大量关于心脏健康的临床信息。它们能让医生在视觉上更好地理解心音。因此,人们提出了多种方法来分析基于PCG记录的心音。由于这些信号的复杂性和高度非线性性质,采用了基于高阶统计量(HOS)的计算机辅助技术,它被认为是一个重要的工具,因为它考虑了PCG信号的非线性。这种方法也被称为双谱技术,可以提供重要的信息,以提高诊断的准确和客观的解释心脏状况。本文的目的是初步测试这些参数,这些参数可以建立不同病理的各种信号之间的区别,并表征心脏异常。在随后将其应用于更大的样本之前,将对减少的样本(九个信号)进行初步研究。这项工作检验了使用双谱技术在分析不同PCG信号的病理严重程度的有效性。结果表明,HOS技术对多种PCG信号具有良好的病理鉴别潜力。
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引用次数: 4
Evaluation of dosimetric implications of Pareto and constrained mode of optimization for Monaco TPS generated VMAT plans in post operated carcinoma of the left breast 评价左乳癌术后采用摩纳哥TPS生成VMAT方案的Pareto剂量学意义及约束优化模式
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0002
Amit Kumar Srivastava, A. Bharati, M. Rastogi, S. Mishra, R. Khurana, R. Hadi, A. Gandhi, Lalatendu Mishra
Abstract Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is being practiced for the last several years with a special approach for radiation therapy in post-mastectomy breast cancer patients. Meeting the cardiac dose constraints has always been a challenge during radiotherapy planning by both IMRT and VMAT (volumetric modulated arc therapy) of post-mastectomy left breast patients. With the advancement in IMRT planning techniques, it has been modified to VMAT with more degrees of freedom for modulation and is being utilised more frequently. This helps in obtaining a suitable plan for achieving both the dose homogeneity in target volume and dose constraints to Organ at Risk (OAR). 10 Patients with carcinoma of the left breast (post-mastectomy) were selected for this study. VMAT treatment plans for these patients were generated for 6 MV photons on the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS) using two types of optimization modes i.e. Pareto and Constrained mode available in Monaco TPS. For comparative dosimetric evaluation of the efficacy of these two types of optimization modes similar calculation algorithms, calculation grids, arcs, and beam sequencing parameters were used for generating treatment plans. The dosimetric quantities such as volume receiving more than 95% of the prescribed dose (V95), volume receiving more than 107% of the prescribed dose (V107) and Maximum dose (Dmax) for target volume, mean dose (Dmean) for heart, volume receiving more than 30 Gy (V30) volume receiving more than 20 Gy (V20) volume receiving more than 5 Gy (V5) for ipsilateral lung and total monitor units delivered were analysed for both optimization modes. A judicious mix of multiple planning parameters and variables using these two modes of optimization was applied and recorded. Both optimization modes yielded similar outcomes. However, Pareto mode has shown better coverage for planning target volume (PTV) with comparable doses to OARs.
摘要调强放疗(IMRT)作为一种特殊的方法用于乳腺切除术后乳腺癌患者的放射治疗,已被实践了几年。满足心脏剂量限制一直是乳房切除术后左乳患者IMRT和VMAT(体积调节电弧治疗)放疗计划中的一个挑战。随着IMRT规划技术的进步,它已被修改为具有更大调制自由度的VMAT,并且越来越频繁地使用。这有助于获得一个合适的计划,以实现靶体积的剂量均匀性和危及器官的剂量限制。本研究选择10例左乳癌患者(乳房切除术后)。在摩纳哥治疗计划系统(Monaco treatment planning system, TPS)上,利用摩纳哥治疗计划系统提供的Pareto和Constrained两种优化模式,生成6 MV光子的VMAT治疗计划。为了对这两种优化模式的疗效进行比较剂量学评价,使用了类似的计算算法、计算网格、弧线和光束测序参数来生成治疗方案。分析了两种优化模式下靶区容积接受剂量大于95% (V95)、靶区容积接受剂量大于107% (V107)、靶区最大剂量(Dmax)、心脏平均剂量(Dmean)、同侧肺容积接受剂量大于30 Gy (V30)容积接受剂量大于20 Gy (V20)容积接受剂量大于5 Gy (V5)等剂量学指标。应用并记录了两种优化模式下多个规划参数和变量的合理组合。两种优化模式产生了相似的结果。然而,帕累托模式在规划目标体积(PTV)时显示出了与桨翼相当剂量的更好的覆盖率。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the performance of designed coaxial antennas for hyperthermia using simulation and experimental methods 用模拟和实验方法评价设计的用于热疗的同轴天线的性能
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0013
A. Ibitoye, Obande C Ogese, M. B. Adedokun, M. Habeebu, E. Nwoye, A. Aweda
Abstract Introduction: Antenna geometries and tissue properties affect microwave energy distributions during microwave ablation procedures. There is paucity information on the potential of antenna fabricated from a thick semi-rigid coaxial cable in the field of microwave thermal therapy. This study aimed at comparing the performance of two dual-slot antennas designed from different semi-rigid coaxial cables for the ablation of a liver tumour using numerical simulation and experimental validation methods. Materials and Methods: COMSOL Multiphysics software was used for designing dual-slot antennas and as well as to evaluate microwave energy deposition and heat distribution in the liver tissue. Experimental validations were conducted on the ex-vivo bovine livers to validate the simulation results. Results: Thick antenna developed in this study produced a higher sphericity index, larger ablation diameter and reduced backward heating along the antenna shaft than the existing one. The experimental validation results also indicate significant differences between the two antennas in terms of ablation diameters (p = 0.04), ablation lengths (p = 0.02) and aspect ratios (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Based on the findings in this study, antenna fabricated from a thick coaxial cable has a higher potential of localizing microwave energy in the liver than conventional antennas.
摘要:微波消融过程中,天线的几何形状和组织特性会影响微波能量的分布。在微波热治疗领域,关于粗半刚性同轴电缆天线的潜力的研究很少。本研究旨在通过数值模拟和实验验证方法,比较由不同半刚性同轴电缆设计的用于肝脏肿瘤消融的两种双槽天线的性能。材料与方法:采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件设计双槽天线,并评估微波能量在肝组织中的沉积和热分布。在离体牛肝脏上进行了实验验证,验证了仿真结果。结果:与现有天线相比,本研究开发的厚天线球形指数更高,烧蚀直径更大,沿天线轴的反向加热减少。实验验证结果还表明,两种天线在烧蚀直径(p = 0.04)、烧蚀长度(p = 0.02)和纵横比(p = 0.02)方面存在显著差异。结论:基于本研究结果,粗同轴电缆天线比传统天线具有更高的肝脏微波能量定位潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Application of DQE for quantitative assessment of detectors to estimate AEC efficiency in digital mammography 应用DQE对检测器进行定量评估,以估计数字乳房x线摄影中AEC的效率
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0007
E. Fabiszewska, A. Wysocka-Rabin, M. Dobrzyńska, W. Skrzyński, K. Pasicz
Abstract Optimisation of the detector’s exposure parameters settings for image quality and patient dose is an important task in digital mammography. Assessment of a digital detector’s performance can be done objectively and without operator bias by determining the Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE). The authors of this article aim to prove that the performance of the AEC system can be objectively portrayed through DQE. The results were examined for influence of KAD changes on DQE values and to determine if it was possible to obtain similar DQE values for different exposures. While analysing the effect of the operation of the AEC system described with DQE, the doses received by women during mammography examinations were considered, as well. The AEC system’s exposure control mechanism cannot guarantee the same DQE value for different object thicknesses. When the object thickness increases, the AEC system should increase the KAD value to obtain the same DQE value. The result of increasing KAD would be the increase of mean glandular dose for some women. However, assuming that DQE is a good indicator of image quality, introducing the proposed changes to the AEC system’s operation would result in the same image quality for all breast thicknesses. This approach to DQE use for AEC system evaluation is independent of the image processing procedure and can be the basis for changes to system calibration done by the manufacturer’s technical support team.
在数字化乳房x线摄影中,优化探测器的曝光参数设置以适应图像质量和患者剂量是一项重要任务。通过确定探测量子效率(DQE),可以客观、无算子偏差地评估数字探测器的性能。本文的作者旨在证明通过DQE可以客观地描述AEC系统的性能。检查了KAD变化对DQE值的影响,并确定是否有可能在不同的暴露下获得相似的DQE值。在分析用DQE描述的AEC系统操作的影响时,也考虑了妇女在乳房x光检查期间接受的剂量。AEC系统的曝光控制机制不能保证不同物体厚度的DQE值相同。当物体厚度增加时,AEC系统应增加KAD值,以获得相同的DQE值。KAD增加的结果可能是某些女性平均腺体剂量增加。然而,假设DQE是一个很好的图像质量指标,在AEC系统的操作中引入提议的更改将导致所有乳房厚度的图像质量相同。这种用于AEC系统评估的DQE方法独立于图像处理程序,可以作为制造商技术支持团队更改系统校准的基础。
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引用次数: 1
Applications and benefits of using gradient percentage depth dose instead of percentage depth dose for electron and photon beams in radiotherapy 用梯度百分比深度剂量代替百分比深度剂量在电子束和光子束放射治疗中的应用和效益
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0004
L. Kastrati, G. Hodolli, S. Kadiri, Elvin Demirel, Lutfi Istrefi, Y. Kabashi, B. Uka
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study is to analyze the gradient of percentage depth dose for photon and electron beams of LINACs and to simplify the data set. Materials and Methods: Dosimetry measurements were performed in accordance with Technical Reports Series No. 398 IAEA. Results and discussion: The gradient of percentage depth dose was calculated and compared with the available published data. Conclusion: Instead of percentage depth dose for increasing and decreasing parts, the findings suggest using only two numbers for specific gradient of dose, separately. In this way, they can replace the whole set of the percentage depth dose (PDD).
摘要:本研究的目的是分析光子和电子束的百分比深度剂量梯度,并简化数据集。材料和方法:剂量测定按照国际原子能机构技术报告系列398号进行。结果与讨论:计算了百分比深度剂量梯度,并与已发表的数据进行了比较。结论:增加和减少部分的深度剂量百分比,建议单独使用两个数字来表示剂量的特定梯度。这样,它们就可以代替整套的百分比深度剂量(PDD)。
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引用次数: 0
Uncertainties in the measurement of relative doses in radiotherapy 放射治疗中相对剂量测量的不确定度
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0001
K. Buliński, T. Kuszewski, K. Wnuk, J. Braziewicz, K. Slosarek
Abstract Both the measurement of the dose and the measurement of its distribution, like any other measurements, are subject to measurement uncertainties. These uncertainties affect all dose calculations and dose distributions in a patient’s body during treatment planning in radiotherapy. Measurement uncertainty is not a medical physicist’s error, but an inevitable element of their work. Planning the dose distribution in a patient’s body, we often try to reduce it in the volume of critical organs (OaR - Organ at Risk) or increase the minimum dose in the PTV region by a few percent. It is believed that the measurement uncertainty should be taken into account in these calculations at the stage of treatment planning. The paper presents the method of calculating the measurement uncertainty for different physical quantities in radiotherapy as percentage depth dose, profile function and output factor, due to the fact that these quantities have a particular impact on the calculated dose distributions in a patient’s body. The uncertainties that must be taken into account in planning treatment the planned dose per fraction and real in PTV, maybe different up to 4%.
与任何其他测量一样,剂量的测量及其分布的测量都受到测量不确定性的影响。这些不确定性影响放疗治疗计划期间患者体内的所有剂量计算和剂量分布。测量不确定性不是医学物理学家的错误,而是他们工作中不可避免的因素。在规划病人体内的剂量分布时,我们经常尝试在关键器官(OaR -危险器官)的体积中减少剂量,或在PTV区域增加几个百分点的最小剂量。认为在制定治疗方案时,应考虑测量不确定度的影响。由于放射治疗中不同物理量对计算出的患者体内剂量分布有特殊的影响,本文提出了以百分比深度剂量、剖面函数和输出因子计算放射治疗中不同物理量测量不确定度的方法。在计划治疗时必须考虑到的不确定性每部分的计划剂量和PTV的实际剂量,可能相差4%。
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引用次数: 0
A tool for precise calculation of organ doses in voxelised geometries using GAMOS/Geant4 with a graphical user interface 使用GAMOS/Geant4与图形用户界面精确计算体素几何器官剂量的工具
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0005
P. A. Dubois, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao, Nguyễn Thiện Trung, J. Azcona, P. Aguilar-Redondo
Abstract Introduction: The limit of the method of calculating organ doses using voxelised phantoms with a Monte Carlo simulation code is that dose calculation errors in the boundaries of the organs are especially relevant for thin, small or complex geometries. In this report, we describe a tool that helps overcome this problem, accurately calculating organ doses by applying the “parallel geometry” utility feature of Geant4 through the GAMOS framework. Methods and methods: We have tried to simplify the use of this tool by automatically processing the different DICOM image modalities (CT, PT, ST, NM), and by including the automatic conversion of the structures found in a DICOM RTSTRUCT file into Geant4 volumes that build the parallel geometry. For Nuclear Medicine applications, the DICOM PT, ST or NM images are converted into probabilities of generation of primary particles in each voxel, and the DICOM CT images into materials and material densities. For radiotherapy treatments, the DICOM RTPlan or RTIonPlan may also be used, hence the user only needs to describe the accelerator geometry. We also provide a Graphical User Interface for ease of use by for inexperienced users in Monte Carlo. Results: We have tested the functionality of the tool with an I-131 thyroid cancer treatment, and obtained the expected energy deposition and dose differences, given that the particle source, geometry and structures are defined. Conclusions: In summary, we provide an easy-to-use tool to calculate, with high accuracy, organ doses, taking into account their exact geometry as painted by the medical personnel on a voxelised phantom.
摘要简介:使用体素幻影和蒙特卡罗模拟代码计算器官剂量的方法的局限性是,器官边界的剂量计算误差与薄、小或复杂的几何形状特别相关。在本报告中,我们描述了一种工具,有助于克服这一问题,通过GAMOS框架应用Geant4的“平行几何”实用功能,准确计算器官剂量。方法和方法:我们试图通过自动处理不同的DICOM图像模式(CT, PT, ST, NM),以及通过将DICOM RTSTRUCT文件中的结构自动转换为构建平行几何的Geant4卷来简化该工具的使用。对于核医学应用,DICOM PT、ST或NM图像被转换成每个体素中产生初级粒子的概率,DICOM CT图像被转换成材料和材料密度。对于放射治疗,也可以使用DICOM RTPlan或RTIonPlan,因此用户只需要描述加速器的几何形状。我们还提供了一个图形用户界面,便于使用的经验不足的用户在蒙特卡洛。结果:我们已经测试了该工具在I-131甲状腺癌治疗中的功能,并在粒子源、几何形状和结构确定的情况下获得了预期的能量沉积和剂量差异。结论:总之,我们提供了一种易于使用的工具,以高精度计算器官剂量,并考虑到医务人员在体素模型上绘制的精确几何形状。
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引用次数: 4
Evaluation of glandular dose in mammography in presence of breast cysts using Monte Carlo simulation 用蒙特卡罗模拟评估乳腺囊肿存在时乳腺x线摄影中腺体剂量
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0006
M. Deevband, Z. Kaveh, M. Ghorbani, B. Khajetash
Abstract Background: Normalized glandular dose (DgN) is an important dosimetric quantity in mammography. Aim: In this study, the effect of the presence of breast cysts and their size, number and location on DgN is evaluated. Materials and methods: The effect of the presence of cysts in breast was examined using MCNPX code. This was performed by taking homogeneous breast phantoms containing spheroid breast cysts into account. The radius of the cysts, numbers of the cysts, and depth of the cysts, and their location were variable. Various electron energies were also considered. Finally, these results were compared with the results of a cyst-less breast phantom. Results: The results show that the effect of the presence of cysts in the breast depends on the size, number and location of cysts. The presence of cysts at lower depths leads to a decrease in the DgN values, compared to the breast phantom without cysts. The presence of cysts in the breast phantom has an effect of -7 to +14 percent on the DgN values under the conditions considered in this modeling. This effect is independent of the X-ray tube voltage, the breast phantom thickness, and glandular ratio, and depends only on the number and size and location of the cysts. The bigger radius and number of cysts, the greater effect on DgN value.
背景:归一化腺剂量(DgN)是乳房x光检查中一项重要的剂量计量指标。目的:本研究探讨乳腺囊肿的存在及其大小、数量和位置对DgN的影响。材料与方法:采用MCNPX编码检测乳腺囊肿存在的影响。这是通过考虑含有球形乳腺囊肿的均匀乳腺幻象来实现的。囊肿的半径,囊肿的数量,囊肿的深度和它们的位置是可变的。还考虑了不同的电子能量。最后,将这些结果与无囊肿乳房假影的结果进行比较。结果:乳腺囊肿存在的效果取决于囊肿的大小、数量和位置。与没有囊肿的乳腺幻影相比,较低深度囊肿的存在导致DgN值下降。在本模型中考虑的条件下,乳腺幻膜中囊肿的存在对DgN值的影响为- 7%至+ 14%。这种效果与x射线管电压、乳腺幻膜厚度和腺体比例无关,而仅取决于囊肿的数量、大小和位置。囊肿半径越大、数量越多,对DgN值的影响越大。
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引用次数: 0
Optical investigation of bovine grey and white matters in visible and near-infrared ranges 牛灰质和白质在可见光和近红外波段的光学研究
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0012
Ali Shahin, W. Bachir, M. S. El-daher
Abstract Introduction: Due to enormous interests for laser in medicine and biology, optical properties characterization of different tissue have be affecting in development processes. In addition, the optical properties of biological tissues could be influenced by storage methods. Thus, optical properties of bovine white and grey tissues preserved by formalin have been characterized over a wide wavelength spectrum varied between 440 nm and 1000 nm. Materials and Methods: To that end, a single integrating sphere system was assembled for spectroscopic characterization and an inverse adding-doubling algorithm was used to retrieve optical coefficients, i.e. reduced scattering and absorption coefficients. Results: White matter has shown a strong scattering property in comparison to grey matter. On the other hand, the grey matter has absorbed light extensively. In comparison, the reduced scattering profile for both tissue types turned out to be consistent with prior works that characterized optical coefficients in vivo. On the contrary, absorption coefficient behavior has a different feature. Conclusion: Formalin could change the tissue’s optical properties because of the alteration of tissue’s structure and components. The absence of hemoglobin that seeps out due to the use of a formalin could reduce the absorption coefficient over the visible range. Both the water replacement by formalin could reduce the refractive index of a stored tissue and the absence of hemoglobin that scatters light over the presented wavelength range should diminish the reduced scattering coefficients over that wavelength range.
摘要导读:由于激光在医学和生物学方面的巨大兴趣,在发展过程中影响着不同组织的光学特性表征。此外,生物组织的光学性质可能受到储存方法的影响。因此,福尔马林保存的牛白色和灰色组织的光学性质在440 nm和1000 nm之间的宽波长光谱上进行了表征。材料和方法:为此,组装一个单一积分球系统进行光谱表征,并使用逆加倍算法检索光学系数,即减少散射系数和吸收系数。结果:与灰质相比,白质具有较强的散射特性。另一方面,灰质吸收了大量的光。相比之下,两种组织类型的减少散射剖面与先前表征体内光学系数的工作一致。相反,吸收系数的行为则有不同的特点。结论:福尔马林可通过改变组织的结构和组成改变组织的光学性质。由于使用福尔马林而渗出的血红蛋白的缺失可以降低可见光范围内的吸收系数。用福尔马林代替水可以降低储存组织的折射率,并且在给定波长范围内散射光的血红蛋白的缺乏应该减少在该波长范围内降低的散射系数。
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引用次数: 3
Effects of detection system parameters on cross-correlations between MUAPs generated from parallel and inclined muscle fibres 检测系统参数对由平行和倾斜肌纤维产生的muap相互关联的影响
IF 0.4 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0011
N. Messaoudi, R. Bekka, S. Belkacem
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inter-electrode distance (IED), electrode radius (ER) and electrodes configurations on cross-correlation coefficient (CC) between motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) generated in a motor unit (MU) of parallel fibres and in a MU of inclined fibres with respect to the detection system. The fibres inclination angle (FIA) varied from 0° to 180° by a step of 5°. Six spatial filters (the longitudinal single differential (LSD), longitudinal double differential (LDD), bi-transversal double differential (BiTDD), normal double differential (NDD), an inverse binomial filter of order two (IB2) and maximum kurtosis filter (MKF)), three values of IED and three values of ER were considered. A cylindrical multilayer volume conductor constituted by bone, muscle, fat and skin layers was used to simulate the MUAPs. The cross-correlation coefficient analysis showed that with the increase of the FIA, the pairs of MUAPs detected by the IB2 system were more correlated than those detected by the five other systems. For each FIA, the findings also showed that the MUAPs pairs detected by BiTDD, NDD, IB2 and MKF systems were more correlated with smaller IEDs than with larger ones, while inverse results were found with the LSD and LDD systems. In addition, the pairs of MUAPs detected by the LDD, BiTDD, IB2 and MKF systems were more correlated with large ERs than with smaller ones. However, inverse results were found with the LSD and NDD systems.
本研究的目的是研究电极间距离(IED)、电极半径(ER)和电极配置对检测系统中平行纤维的运动单元(MU)和倾斜纤维的运动单元(MU)产生的运动单元动作电位(muap)相互相关系数(CC)的影响。纤维倾角(FIA)从0°到180°变化5°。考虑了6种空间滤波器(纵向单微分(LSD)、纵向双微分(LDD)、双横向双微分(BiTDD)、正态双微分(NDD)、2阶逆二项滤波器(IB2)和最大峰度滤波器(MKF))、3个IED值和3个ER值。采用由骨、肌肉、脂肪和皮肤层组成的圆柱形多层体积导体来模拟muap。互相关系数分析表明,随着FIA的增加,IB2系统检测到的muap对的相关性高于其他5个系统。对于每个FIA, BiTDD、NDD、IB2和MKF系统检测到的muap对与较小的ied的相关性大于与较大的ied的相关性,而与LSD和LDD系统检测到的结果相反。此外,LDD、BiTDD、IB2和MKF系统检测到的muap对与大er的相关性大于与小er的相关性。然而,在LSD和NDD系统中发现相反的结果。
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引用次数: 1
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Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering
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