Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2023.2233869
Pablo Gumiel Campos
Abstract The National Palace of Sintra, the summer residence of the kings and queens of Portugal, underwent important transformations during the reign of Manuel I of Portugal (1495–1521). These changes significantly affected the water infrastructure of the building. Among numerous tanks and fountains, a very early 16th-century grotto was constructed. Its existence has gone unnoticed as it was completely refurbished during the 18th century. Nevertheless, it was described by a contemporary Spanish traveller. In this essay, we would like to present the original documentary and morphological details of the so-called Gruta dos Banhos and vindicate its role in the history of grottoes.
摘要辛特拉国家宫是葡萄牙国王和王后的夏季住所，在葡萄牙曼努埃尔一世统治期间（1495-1521）经历了重要的改造。这些变化严重影响了建筑物的供水基础设施。在众多的水池和喷泉中，建造了一个16世纪早期的石窟。它的存在已经被忽视，因为它在18世纪被彻底翻新。然而，它是由一位当代西班牙旅行者描述的。在这篇文章中，我们想介绍所谓的Gruta dos Banhos的原始文献和形态细节，并证明它在石窟史上的作用。
{"title":"Documenting the early history of the grotto in the National Palace of Sintra (Portugal)","authors":"Pablo Gumiel Campos","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2023.2233869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2023.2233869","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The National Palace of Sintra, the summer residence of the kings and queens of Portugal, underwent important transformations during the reign of Manuel I of Portugal (1495–1521). These changes significantly affected the water infrastructure of the building. Among numerous tanks and fountains, a very early 16th-century grotto was constructed. Its existence has gone unnoticed as it was completely refurbished during the 18th century. Nevertheless, it was described by a contemporary Spanish traveller. In this essay, we would like to present the original documentary and morphological details of the so-called Gruta dos Banhos and vindicate its role in the history of grottoes.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48627752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2023.2216626
G. Walton
{"title":"The Fountain of Latona, Louis XIV, Charles Le Brun, and the Gardens of Versailles","authors":"G. Walton","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2023.2216626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2023.2216626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41741859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2023.2255500
Eric Ellingsen
{"title":"Cover Story: Black Herstory memory marker","authors":"Eric Ellingsen","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2023.2255500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2023.2255500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2023.2192118
Johan N. Prinsloo
Abstract The gardens of the Renaissance are well known for being populated by the gods and settings of Classical mythology — an iconographic tradition that originated in the cult sanctuaries of Ancient Greece and transplanted to Hellenistic and Roman gardens; a tradition of place-making that I term Classical topomythopoiesis. But, what happened in-between? Gardens from the Middle Ages are not often associated with the pagan myths, but rather with Christian symbolism. This article provides a survey of the survival of Medieval Classical topomythopoiesis. It discusses various ways in which Christians received the gods, and how the language of mythology continued to shape the beholder’s share in viewing landscapes. It traces the origins of the garden of love to show how it opened the gate for the gods of love to become baptised within later Medieval garden culture. The article then provides a novel reading of the Narcissus-fountain episode in the Roman de la Rose as a hypothetical exemplar of how the myths in gardens were evoked through a process of interpretation that echoes Medieval biblical exegesis. The article concludes by arguing that Boccaccio’s liberation of the mythical garden as an imagined, sensual setting signals a shift towards a Neoplatonic approach to topomythopoiesis.
{"title":"Classical topomythopoiesis. Survival of the pagan gods during the Christian Middle Ages","authors":"Johan N. Prinsloo","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2023.2192118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2023.2192118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The gardens of the Renaissance are well known for being populated by the gods and settings of Classical mythology — an iconographic tradition that originated in the cult sanctuaries of Ancient Greece and transplanted to Hellenistic and Roman gardens; a tradition of place-making that I term Classical topomythopoiesis. But, what happened in-between? Gardens from the Middle Ages are not often associated with the pagan myths, but rather with Christian symbolism. This article provides a survey of the survival of Medieval Classical topomythopoiesis. It discusses various ways in which Christians received the gods, and how the language of mythology continued to shape the beholder’s share in viewing landscapes. It traces the origins of the garden of love to show how it opened the gate for the gods of love to become baptised within later Medieval garden culture. The article then provides a novel reading of the Narcissus-fountain episode in the Roman de la Rose as a hypothetical exemplar of how the myths in gardens were evoked through a process of interpretation that echoes Medieval biblical exegesis. The article concludes by arguing that Boccaccio’s liberation of the mythical garden as an imagined, sensual setting signals a shift towards a Neoplatonic approach to topomythopoiesis.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43625124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2023.2201125
I. Kowarik
Abstract Christian Ludwig Krause (1706-1773) died 250 years ago in Berlin. In his time, he was famous for rich plant collections in his garden. Through an interpretation of historical plans and other sources, this paper addresses the setting, design, lifespan and functions of Krause's garden. Krause established his garden on two plots of land in the Strahlau suburb beyond the gates of baroque Berlin starting in 1732. Both plots were formally designed, and documents show they contained 2420 taxa, making them a remarkable early botanical garden. The garden was connected with a nursery and a seed trade and became a hub for a broad distribution of exotic plants. Through a wide-ranging correspondence and the exchange of seeds, Krause became part of a European network of natural history research. His gardens were also important places of knowledge for local botanical research. Krause's business was continued by his son until 1820. The garden remained in the family until 1837 and continued to exist until about 1860. The history of Krause’s garden shows us how, in the 18th century, a private garden in a peri-urban environment could become an important place of cultivated biodiversity, horticultural art and botanical knowledge.
{"title":"Christian Ludwig Krause (1706–1773) and his famous garden in Berlin: nursery, botanical garden and hub in a natural history network","authors":"I. Kowarik","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2023.2201125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2023.2201125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Christian Ludwig Krause (1706-1773) died 250 years ago in Berlin. In his time, he was famous for rich plant collections in his garden. Through an interpretation of historical plans and other sources, this paper addresses the setting, design, lifespan and functions of Krause's garden. Krause established his garden on two plots of land in the Strahlau suburb beyond the gates of baroque Berlin starting in 1732. Both plots were formally designed, and documents show they contained 2420 taxa, making them a remarkable early botanical garden. The garden was connected with a nursery and a seed trade and became a hub for a broad distribution of exotic plants. Through a wide-ranging correspondence and the exchange of seeds, Krause became part of a European network of natural history research. His gardens were also important places of knowledge for local botanical research. Krause's business was continued by his son until 1820. The garden remained in the family until 1837 and continued to exist until about 1860. The history of Krause’s garden shows us how, in the 18th century, a private garden in a peri-urban environment could become an important place of cultivated biodiversity, horticultural art and botanical knowledge.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42619705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2023.2201124
Christian Larsen
Abstract This paper aims to contribute to the literature relating to how the designed landscapes of school gardens across the Western world carried the same complex mix of pedagogical, practical, aesthetic, and even moral baggage as the nature study movement. Common to the movements behind school gardening was the wish to use education within these designed landscapes to cope with perceived social problems. In contrast to other countries, Danish school gardens were established and run on a voluntary basis by the School Gardens Association and local teachers. The association transformed school gardening from a matter of promoting self-sufficiency for rural children to a way of solving social problems in the cities. Urban children were thought to be exposed to dangers when spending time on the street, which constituted a moral and social problem. Therefore, school gardening in Denmark became a way of educationalisation of perceived social problems by developing (civic) virtue and inner strength through garden education in the first half of the 20th century. The Danish movement peaked around 1960 but has seen a revival over the last two decades.
{"title":"The pedagogical school garden and the educationalisation of social problems in Denmark","authors":"Christian Larsen","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2023.2201124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2023.2201124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to contribute to the literature relating to how the designed landscapes of school gardens across the Western world carried the same complex mix of pedagogical, practical, aesthetic, and even moral baggage as the nature study movement. Common to the movements behind school gardening was the wish to use education within these designed landscapes to cope with perceived social problems. In contrast to other countries, Danish school gardens were established and run on a voluntary basis by the School Gardens Association and local teachers. The association transformed school gardening from a matter of promoting self-sufficiency for rural children to a way of solving social problems in the cities. Urban children were thought to be exposed to dangers when spending time on the street, which constituted a moral and social problem. Therefore, school gardening in Denmark became a way of educationalisation of perceived social problems by developing (civic) virtue and inner strength through garden education in the first half of the 20th century. The Danish movement peaked around 1960 but has seen a revival over the last two decades.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43324742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2023.2211509
G. Lamy
Abstract Remarkable studies have been conducted on the movement of plants from the Indies to France and the Jardin du Roi at Paris (today Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle). Researchers have seldom focused in detail on the links between the Île de France (now Mauritius) and the Gardens of Trianon during the reign of Louis XV. 2 Scholars interested in bio-prospecting have established how France’s colonial ambitions informed this trade; however, less attention has focused on alternative networks of botanists, collectors, and members of the medical community who pursued their passion for plants. Botanical enthusiasts at the court of Versailles, inspired by the Louis XV’s patronage of his own botanical garden at the Petit Trianon, collaborating with the king’s gardeners, pursued a botanical exchange with planters in the Île de France. Focusing on a diverse set of documents, this essay reconstructs the networks of travelers and naturalists who were sufficiently enthusiastic about exotic plants to have sponsored a collection of them in expensive greenhouses, and examines their collective wish to enrich the royal collection with seeds and plants drawn from the first plant collection gardens set up in Mauritius at the time of the French East India Company.
{"title":"Men, plants and gardens between Mauritius and the Petit Trianon in the XVIIIth century1","authors":"G. Lamy","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2023.2211509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2023.2211509","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Remarkable studies have been conducted on the movement of plants from the Indies to France and the Jardin du Roi at Paris (today Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle). Researchers have seldom focused in detail on the links between the Île de France (now Mauritius) and the Gardens of Trianon during the reign of Louis XV. 2 Scholars interested in bio-prospecting have established how France’s colonial ambitions informed this trade; however, less attention has focused on alternative networks of botanists, collectors, and members of the medical community who pursued their passion for plants. Botanical enthusiasts at the court of Versailles, inspired by the Louis XV’s patronage of his own botanical garden at the Petit Trianon, collaborating with the king’s gardeners, pursued a botanical exchange with planters in the Île de France. Focusing on a diverse set of documents, this essay reconstructs the networks of travelers and naturalists who were sufficiently enthusiastic about exotic plants to have sponsored a collection of them in expensive greenhouses, and examines their collective wish to enrich the royal collection with seeds and plants drawn from the first plant collection gardens set up in Mauritius at the time of the French East India Company.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44282202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2161190
E. Eigen
Abstract While Frederick Law Olmsted’s reputation rests almost as much on his authorship of studies including the Cotton Kingdom as it does for his work on landscapes including New York’s Central Park, a neglected file in the archival papers of Olmsted Associates, his sons’ design firm, suggests that it was Olmsted’s alleged role in a fabulous pirate story that truly captured the attention and imagination of the general public, along with that of business historians and other specialists. This paper examines the reception history of A Notable Lawsuit (1898), which purports to tell the tale of how the Astor family stole a fortune from the Olmsted family in the form of the ‘veritable’ pirate Captain William Kidd’s buried treasure. The designation of his pirate stories as ‘veritable’ is but the first clue that must be deciphered in weighing the documentary evidence incorporated into and dissimulated by Head’s text. The perils and the pleasures of treating A Notable Lawsuit as a test case in establishing the credibility of historical fact and fiction—as defined by authors such as Herman Melville and Thomas Carlyle—is the survival of the file preserving the range and kind of perplexities faced by readers of the tale.
弗雷德里克·劳·奥姆斯特德(Frederick Law Olmsted)的名声不仅来自他对纽约中央公园(Central Park)等景观的研究，也来自他对棉花王国(Cotton Kingdom)的研究。但在他儿子的设计公司奥姆斯特德联合公司(Olmsted Associates)的档案文件中，有一份被忽视的文件表明，奥姆斯特德在一个神话般的海盗故事中所扮演的角色，真正吸引了公众、商业历史学家和其他专家的注意和想象。本文考察了1898年出版的《一桩引人注目的诉讼》的接受历史，该小说旨在讲述阿斯特家族如何以“真正的”海盗船长威廉·基德的宝藏的形式从奥姆斯特德家族窃取财富的故事。他的海盗故事被称为“真实的”，这只是在权衡海德的文本中包含和掩盖的书面证据时必须破译的第一个线索。在确立历史事实和虚构(如赫尔曼·梅尔维尔(Herman Melville)和托马斯·卡莱尔(Thomas carlyle)等作家所定义的)的可信度时，将《著名的诉讼》作为一个测试案例来对待，其风险和乐趣在于，档案的存续，保留了故事读者所面临的范围和各种困惑。
{"title":"Olmsted and the ‘veritable and eminent pirate’ Captain William Kidd: an unhistorical history","authors":"E. Eigen","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2161190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2161190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While Frederick Law Olmsted’s reputation rests almost as much on his authorship of studies including the Cotton Kingdom as it does for his work on landscapes including New York’s Central Park, a neglected file in the archival papers of Olmsted Associates, his sons’ design firm, suggests that it was Olmsted’s alleged role in a fabulous pirate story that truly captured the attention and imagination of the general public, along with that of business historians and other specialists. This paper examines the reception history of A Notable Lawsuit (1898), which purports to tell the tale of how the Astor family stole a fortune from the Olmsted family in the form of the ‘veritable’ pirate Captain William Kidd’s buried treasure. The designation of his pirate stories as ‘veritable’ is but the first clue that must be deciphered in weighing the documentary evidence incorporated into and dissimulated by Head’s text. The perils and the pleasures of treating A Notable Lawsuit as a test case in establishing the credibility of historical fact and fiction—as defined by authors such as Herman Melville and Thomas Carlyle—is the survival of the file preserving the range and kind of perplexities faced by readers of the tale.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45107823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2159249
C. Anderson
Abstract Sailing ships required miles of rope for rigging, and its frequent replacement. Most ports of any size had roperies or rope manufactures that transformed hemp or other materials through combing, twisting, and tarring to produce a strong product that would resist the stresses of strain and water. A ready supply of rope supported expanding navies and merchant companies, and competition for more efficient production spurred competition between port cities. To make long lengths of rope, uninterrupted straight areas were needed close to the waterfront. Sometimes these were covered spaces, sometimes streets or walks set aside for the purpose. Ropewalks shaped ports through the creation of linear demarcations against the irregular edge where water meets land. Rope manufacture was an essential industry for ports but also a frequent site of fires that often did great damage to dense urban areas. The importance of rope as a pre-modern industry is gone yet the traces of it remain in the extended port landscape.
{"title":"Ropewalks and the linear city","authors":"C. Anderson","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2159249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2159249","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sailing ships required miles of rope for rigging, and its frequent replacement. Most ports of any size had roperies or rope manufactures that transformed hemp or other materials through combing, twisting, and tarring to produce a strong product that would resist the stresses of strain and water. A ready supply of rope supported expanding navies and merchant companies, and competition for more efficient production spurred competition between port cities. To make long lengths of rope, uninterrupted straight areas were needed close to the waterfront. Sometimes these were covered spaces, sometimes streets or walks set aside for the purpose. Ropewalks shaped ports through the creation of linear demarcations against the irregular edge where water meets land. Rope manufacture was an essential industry for ports but also a frequent site of fires that often did great damage to dense urban areas. The importance of rope as a pre-modern industry is gone yet the traces of it remain in the extended port landscape.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44989085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2159248
K. John-Alder, Stephen H. Whiteman
Abstract Ports and their oceanic hinterlands are distinctively malleable, permeable places. They are defined by morphologies that articulate shifting perspectives on the meanings of coastal settlements and their relationship to the term landscape. This essay introduces the co-editors’ perspectives on port cities and the sea as distinctive modes of landscape, situating them, and the essays within the special issue, within a broader field of landscape studies.
{"title":"Port cities and landscapes of the sea","authors":"K. John-Alder, Stephen H. Whiteman","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2159248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2159248","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ports and their oceanic hinterlands are distinctively malleable, permeable places. They are defined by morphologies that articulate shifting perspectives on the meanings of coastal settlements and their relationship to the term landscape. This essay introduces the co-editors’ perspectives on port cities and the sea as distinctive modes of landscape, situating them, and the essays within the special issue, within a broader field of landscape studies.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44039755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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