Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2161764
Jeremy A Foster
Abstract This paper explores a series of photographs taken on the Ile de Sein, a 1 km long island off the French Atlantic coast, by architect-photographer John Yang in 1960. Today, these photographs have developed a powerfully auratic life of their own, shaping affective understandings of the island through the multiple spectralities they awaken, thickened by the image’s (and place’s) continued existence in time. This photo-spectrality is underscored by the tendency for islands to serve either as places of loss and nostalgia (for instance, through cultural anxieties about postwar reconstruction and decolonization) or of dystopian visions (through fears about the Ile de Sein’s possible disappearance due to sea-level rise). A more-than-representational analysis suggests that Yang’s photographs’ contemporary affects can only be understood through an expanded concept of place in which material-environmental interactions infiltrate politics, society, and culture. The interplay between figural and metonymical presences in them simultaneously mediates a lifeworld of ‘islandness’ and broader instrumental and discursive histories through which the Finistere littoral has shaped the geographical narration of the French nation. The key to these non-terrecentric empathetic affects is constantly-shifting marine light, at once extra-discursive and atmospheric, and best captured by monochrome photography.
{"title":"John Yang & the island as boundary object: photography, marine light & spectralities of national feeling on Ile de Sein","authors":"Jeremy A Foster","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2161764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2161764","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores a series of photographs taken on the Ile de Sein, a 1 km long island off the French Atlantic coast, by architect-photographer John Yang in 1960. Today, these photographs have developed a powerfully auratic life of their own, shaping affective understandings of the island through the multiple spectralities they awaken, thickened by the image’s (and place’s) continued existence in time. This photo-spectrality is underscored by the tendency for islands to serve either as places of loss and nostalgia (for instance, through cultural anxieties about postwar reconstruction and decolonization) or of dystopian visions (through fears about the Ile de Sein’s possible disappearance due to sea-level rise). A more-than-representational analysis suggests that Yang’s photographs’ contemporary affects can only be understood through an expanded concept of place in which material-environmental interactions infiltrate politics, society, and culture. The interplay between figural and metonymical presences in them simultaneously mediates a lifeworld of ‘islandness’ and broader instrumental and discursive histories through which the Finistere littoral has shaped the geographical narration of the French nation. The key to these non-terrecentric empathetic affects is constantly-shifting marine light, at once extra-discursive and atmospheric, and best captured by monochrome photography.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2161792
Jason Nguyen
Abstract This article looks at the colonial fishing villages and maritime infrastructure along the early modern Newfoundland shoreline. It argues that, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the establishment of settlements and the construction of seagoing vessels, preservation stations, and other logistical sites at and across the littoral line supported the commercialization of the global cod market while fundamentally altering the coastal ecologies of the North Atlantic waters. The Grand Banks of Newfoundland, the underwater plateaus that provided shallow feeding conditions for underwater life, made the sea shelf one of the richest fishing regions in the world. On a global scale, the commercial extraction and preservation of cod supported the expanding diet and political economy of the early modern imperial state. On a local scale, the construction of buildings along the shoreline intruded on the littoral ecosystem and impelled the relocation of the native Beothuk inhabitants to the island’s interior, thereby highlighting the genocidal ramifications of European coastal development. How, this article asks, might one conceptualize the logistical architecture of the Newfoundland fisheries as both a spatial node within a global network of trade as well as a material intrusion into the ecology of the North Atlantic coastline?
{"title":"Encountering the shoreline: ecology and infrastructure on the early modern Newfoundland coast","authors":"Jason Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2161792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2161792","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article looks at the colonial fishing villages and maritime infrastructure along the early modern Newfoundland shoreline. It argues that, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the establishment of settlements and the construction of seagoing vessels, preservation stations, and other logistical sites at and across the littoral line supported the commercialization of the global cod market while fundamentally altering the coastal ecologies of the North Atlantic waters. The Grand Banks of Newfoundland, the underwater plateaus that provided shallow feeding conditions for underwater life, made the sea shelf one of the richest fishing regions in the world. On a global scale, the commercial extraction and preservation of cod supported the expanding diet and political economy of the early modern imperial state. On a local scale, the construction of buildings along the shoreline intruded on the littoral ecosystem and impelled the relocation of the native Beothuk inhabitants to the island’s interior, thereby highlighting the genocidal ramifications of European coastal development. How, this article asks, might one conceptualize the logistical architecture of the Newfoundland fisheries as both a spatial node within a global network of trade as well as a material intrusion into the ecology of the North Atlantic coastline?","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42655618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2120311
M. Edo
Abstract Treatises on landscape gardening written toward the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth, offer clues in deciphering the sense in which Giacomo Leopardi used the term ‘romantic situations’ in his Zibaldone. In particular, landscape gardeners are revealed to be pioneers in the use of foliage for concealment purposes aimed at stimulating the imagination, but they also help us to understand the role of verticality and quick transitions in a range of ‘situations’ which, according to the Italian poet, evoke a sense of the infinite. However, while Leopardi carried out a significant agglutination of inherited knowledge, he also implemented his own elements, essential to his poetic concept, that were basically derived from the principle of familiarity and which represented an important source of friction between him and the romantics. Thus, the hedge in his L’infinito can be interpreted as a safety measure, a return to the traditional garden when faced with the dizzying abyss of Romanticism.
{"title":"Leopardi’s hedge and the English garden","authors":"M. Edo","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2120311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2120311","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Treatises on landscape gardening written toward the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth, offer clues in deciphering the sense in which Giacomo Leopardi used the term ‘romantic situations’ in his Zibaldone. In particular, landscape gardeners are revealed to be pioneers in the use of foliage for concealment purposes aimed at stimulating the imagination, but they also help us to understand the role of verticality and quick transitions in a range of ‘situations’ which, according to the Italian poet, evoke a sense of the infinite. However, while Leopardi carried out a significant agglutination of inherited knowledge, he also implemented his own elements, essential to his poetic concept, that were basically derived from the principle of familiarity and which represented an important source of friction between him and the romantics. Thus, the hedge in his L’infinito can be interpreted as a safety measure, a return to the traditional garden when faced with the dizzying abyss of Romanticism.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44365629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2125223
P. Baster
Abstract The Second Military Survey and the Austrian Cadastre are two of the most important maps of Austrian Empire for landscape analyses. They show the territories encompassing twelve current European countries; both were created around the same time in nineteenth century, but each of them presents different detailed data concerning historical gardens and designed landscapes. Their comparative analysis allows to reconstruct brilliant spatial solutions and elements, which currently do not exist or are hard to perceive. The research concerning both famous garden estates and the villages near Krakow proves that such studies of the Austrian Empire maps are necessary to be applied to the landscape designing and spatial development. They make it possible to adapt historical forms to today`s needs, design appropriate spatial solutions, protect cultural heritage or even to restore non-existent elements of historical gardens and designed landscapes.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the nineteenth century Austrian Empire maps applied to the protection and restoration of designed landscapes","authors":"P. Baster","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2125223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2125223","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Second Military Survey and the Austrian Cadastre are two of the most important maps of Austrian Empire for landscape analyses. They show the territories encompassing twelve current European countries; both were created around the same time in nineteenth century, but each of them presents different detailed data concerning historical gardens and designed landscapes. Their comparative analysis allows to reconstruct brilliant spatial solutions and elements, which currently do not exist or are hard to perceive. The research concerning both famous garden estates and the villages near Krakow proves that such studies of the Austrian Empire maps are necessary to be applied to the landscape designing and spatial development. They make it possible to adapt historical forms to today`s needs, design appropriate spatial solutions, protect cultural heritage or even to restore non-existent elements of historical gardens and designed landscapes.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43430594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2131300
Petr Uličný
Abstract This article focuses on the gardens of the Vienna Hofburg during the reign of Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus (r. 1485–1490). The prevailing view in the literature to date has been that Corvinus made no changes to these gardens during this time, but hitherto overlooked period sources, namely two texts written by the Italian humanist Antonio Bonfini, indicate that opposite is true. They show that Corvinus had aviaries, a pavilion, fountains, covered porticoes, and baths built in the garden along with a loggia, probably figuring in a town plan drawn up by Bonifaz Wohlmut in 1547, was located in the southeast part of the gardens. The gardens likely influenced the appearance of other Central European projects, specifically the garden that Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, created in Lochau around 1500 and in the Royal Garden of Prague Castle, established by Ferdinand I in 1534. Because Corvinus during his earlier garden and villa projects in Hungary commissioned Italian masters, bringing for the first time to Central Europe the Renaissance forms, it is perhaps right to suggest that he continued this practice also in Vienna. This would shed new light on the process of the development of Renaissance architecture outside of Italy.
{"title":"Matthias Corvinus’s gardens at the Vienna Hofburg","authors":"Petr Uličný","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2131300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2131300","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article focuses on the gardens of the Vienna Hofburg during the reign of Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus (r. 1485–1490). The prevailing view in the literature to date has been that Corvinus made no changes to these gardens during this time, but hitherto overlooked period sources, namely two texts written by the Italian humanist Antonio Bonfini, indicate that opposite is true. They show that Corvinus had aviaries, a pavilion, fountains, covered porticoes, and baths built in the garden along with a loggia, probably figuring in a town plan drawn up by Bonifaz Wohlmut in 1547, was located in the southeast part of the gardens. The gardens likely influenced the appearance of other Central European projects, specifically the garden that Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, created in Lochau around 1500 and in the Royal Garden of Prague Castle, established by Ferdinand I in 1534. Because Corvinus during his earlier garden and villa projects in Hungary commissioned Italian masters, bringing for the first time to Central Europe the Renaissance forms, it is perhaps right to suggest that he continued this practice also in Vienna. This would shed new light on the process of the development of Renaissance architecture outside of Italy.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43508733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2104498
Ekaterina Heath, J. Milam
Abstract This paper recovers the socio-political purposes that the katalniye gory – or ‘sliding hills’– performed for two Russian empresses in the eighteenth century. An integrated analysis of the visual rhetoric of these sites, their construction, mechanics, and social functions reveals the significant, but overlooked role that they played in legitimising female leadership. Recognising the popularity sliding hills had with peasants and nobles alike, the empresses Elisabeth Petrovna and Catherine II developed these entertainments as sites of orchestrated abandon that made visible their own breaks from preceding reigns, increased their bonds with their supporters, and created a free and open atmosphere ripe for introducing their programs of reform. In these spaces, these ruling women connected a visual showcase of fecundity and the power of femininity to the flourishing future that awaited peasant Russia, when managed by the nobility on behalf of a benevolent and enlightened female ruler. We argue that this is a particularly fruitful avenue for seeing the workings of women’s leadership in eighteenth-century Russia. Ephemeral public environments allowed women to develop overlapping structures of power in new and creative ways.
{"title":"The Science of the Thrill: Russian Sliding Hills under Elisabeth Petrovna and Catherine II","authors":"Ekaterina Heath, J. Milam","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2104498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2104498","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper recovers the socio-political purposes that the katalniye gory – or ‘sliding hills’– performed for two Russian empresses in the eighteenth century. An integrated analysis of the visual rhetoric of these sites, their construction, mechanics, and social functions reveals the significant, but overlooked role that they played in legitimising female leadership. Recognising the popularity sliding hills had with peasants and nobles alike, the empresses Elisabeth Petrovna and Catherine II developed these entertainments as sites of orchestrated abandon that made visible their own breaks from preceding reigns, increased their bonds with their supporters, and created a free and open atmosphere ripe for introducing their programs of reform. In these spaces, these ruling women connected a visual showcase of fecundity and the power of femininity to the flourishing future that awaited peasant Russia, when managed by the nobility on behalf of a benevolent and enlightened female ruler. We argue that this is a particularly fruitful avenue for seeing the workings of women’s leadership in eighteenth-century Russia. Ephemeral public environments allowed women to develop overlapping structures of power in new and creative ways.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45656192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2097429
R. Loeb, Taylor N. Walborn, Alaina J. Leasure, Joelle D. Manners, Richard P. Massimino, Olivia A. Mcgraw
Abstract This research compared early nineteenth-century species lists from the Elgin Botanic Garden, New York; Cambridge Botanic Garden, Massachusetts; Botanick Garden of South-Carolina; Botanical Garden of Transylvania University, Kentucky; and Bartram’s Botanic Garden, Pennsylvania (two lists). Diversity was shown by more species being unique in each botanical garden than species common to the five botanical gardens. Global representation was demonstrated with species from all of the continents (excluding Antarctica) and the Cape of Good Hope region in the botanical gardens except the Botanick Garden of South-Carolina, which did not have Australian species. Only Bartram’s Botanic Garden US market list did not have twice as many species reported to be hardy in the New York City climate than species requiring a greenhouse. There were more herbaceous than woody plants in five of the six lists with the exception again being the Bartram’s Botanic Garden US market list. Among the uses agriculture, arts, diet, and medicine, only medicine comprised more than 25% of the species in the five botanical gardens except the Botanical Garden of Transylvania University. For all six lists, the historical information on hardiness and duration matched modern information for more than 75% of the species; however, native region matches were less than 75% for African species.
摘要:本研究比较了19世纪初纽约埃尔金植物园的物种列表;马萨诸塞州剑桥植物园;南卡罗来纳州植物园;美国肯塔基州特兰西瓦尼亚大学植物园;宾夕法尼亚州的巴特拉姆植物园(Bartram’s Botanic Garden)(两张名单)。多样性表现为各植物园特有的物种多于5个植物园共有的物种。除了南卡罗莱纳植物园(Botanick Garden of south carolina)没有澳大利亚物种外，全球所有大陆(南极洲除外)和好望角地区的植物园都有物种。据报道，只有巴特拉姆植物园的美国市场名单上，在纽约市气候下耐寒的物种数量不是需要温室的物种数量的两倍。六份名单中有五份草本植物比木本植物多，唯一的例外是巴特拉姆植物园美国市场名单。在农业、艺术、饮食和医学的用途中，除了特兰西瓦尼亚大学植物园外，五个植物园中只有医学占了25%以上的物种。在所有六个名单中，75%以上物种的耐寒性和持续时间的历史信息与现代信息相匹配;然而，非洲物种的本地匹配率不到75%。
{"title":"Spanning the globe for diversity: species selection in early nineteenth century United States botanical gardens","authors":"R. Loeb, Taylor N. Walborn, Alaina J. Leasure, Joelle D. Manners, Richard P. Massimino, Olivia A. Mcgraw","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2097429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2097429","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research compared early nineteenth-century species lists from the Elgin Botanic Garden, New York; Cambridge Botanic Garden, Massachusetts; Botanick Garden of South-Carolina; Botanical Garden of Transylvania University, Kentucky; and Bartram’s Botanic Garden, Pennsylvania (two lists). Diversity was shown by more species being unique in each botanical garden than species common to the five botanical gardens. Global representation was demonstrated with species from all of the continents (excluding Antarctica) and the Cape of Good Hope region in the botanical gardens except the Botanick Garden of South-Carolina, which did not have Australian species. Only Bartram’s Botanic Garden US market list did not have twice as many species reported to be hardy in the New York City climate than species requiring a greenhouse. There were more herbaceous than woody plants in five of the six lists with the exception again being the Bartram’s Botanic Garden US market list. Among the uses agriculture, arts, diet, and medicine, only medicine comprised more than 25% of the species in the five botanical gardens except the Botanical Garden of Transylvania University. For all six lists, the historical information on hardiness and duration matched modern information for more than 75% of the species; however, native region matches were less than 75% for African species.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42092278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2059287
A. Beamish
Abstract Tree species, much like clothing, go in and out of fashion. The purpose of this study was to explore the cultural life of the Lombardy poplar and how it evolved from being greatly admired to reviled in the USA. Despite early widespread popularity, the Lombardy poplar fell swiftly from grace and bore the brunt of an unusually high level of hostility—it was variously called odious, nasty, greedy, and worthless. The country’s growing xenophobia and hostility to immigrants in the nineteenth century and the Know-Nothing Movement certainly reinforced and prolonged the hatred of the Lombardy Poplar as a ‘useless foreigner’, but this paper argues that though certainly tied to the early nativist movement, the shunning of the tree was more complex. It began in Philadelphia, with an unfounded claim that the Lombardy poplar produced a worm whose bite caused instant death, which led to panicked calls for the destruction of all poplars in the city. The worm fiasco was followed by changes in horticultural fashion, a growing sense of pride in all things American, and a greater appreciation for the admirable, even superior, qualities of their own native trees.
{"title":"A much-abused tree: the rise and fall of the Lombardy poplar","authors":"A. Beamish","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2059287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2059287","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tree species, much like clothing, go in and out of fashion. The purpose of this study was to explore the cultural life of the Lombardy poplar and how it evolved from being greatly admired to reviled in the USA. Despite early widespread popularity, the Lombardy poplar fell swiftly from grace and bore the brunt of an unusually high level of hostility—it was variously called odious, nasty, greedy, and worthless. The country’s growing xenophobia and hostility to immigrants in the nineteenth century and the Know-Nothing Movement certainly reinforced and prolonged the hatred of the Lombardy Poplar as a ‘useless foreigner’, but this paper argues that though certainly tied to the early nativist movement, the shunning of the tree was more complex. It began in Philadelphia, with an unfounded claim that the Lombardy poplar produced a worm whose bite caused instant death, which led to panicked calls for the destruction of all poplars in the city. The worm fiasco was followed by changes in horticultural fashion, a growing sense of pride in all things American, and a greater appreciation for the admirable, even superior, qualities of their own native trees.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42707241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2100148
Sylvia W. S. Lee
Abstract Increasing numbers of scholars study seventeenth-century Chinese garden builders, such as Ji Cheng 計成 (b.1582) and Zhang Lian 張漣 (1587-c.1671). We are now better informed about their lives, design approaches, the gardens they designed, their clients, their social networks, their successors, and how they were respected in literati circles. However, these studies rarely consider the business operations of garden builders or the economic rewards they earned. Hence, studies often overlook two crucial points. First, scholarly discussions only view the garden builders as designers but fail to consider that they needed to make their livings in this trade. Second, seventeenth-century garden builders worked in a fiercely competitive environment. This paper will address those two oversights and investigate the business operations of garden builders, such as the roles of a garden builder in constructing gardens, how a garden builder received new project assignments, and the competitive business environment. This paper proposes that garden builders would promote their skill, establish their fame, and differentiate themselves within a competitive environment through initiating writing projects. This paper argues that garden builders became successful not only because they were great designers but also because they were competent communicators and promoters of their works.
{"title":"Business and fame: the operations of seventeenth-century Chinese garden builders","authors":"Sylvia W. S. Lee","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2100148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2100148","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increasing numbers of scholars study seventeenth-century Chinese garden builders, such as Ji Cheng 計成 (b.1582) and Zhang Lian 張漣 (1587-c.1671). We are now better informed about their lives, design approaches, the gardens they designed, their clients, their social networks, their successors, and how they were respected in literati circles. However, these studies rarely consider the business operations of garden builders or the economic rewards they earned. Hence, studies often overlook two crucial points. First, scholarly discussions only view the garden builders as designers but fail to consider that they needed to make their livings in this trade. Second, seventeenth-century garden builders worked in a fiercely competitive environment. This paper will address those two oversights and investigate the business operations of garden builders, such as the roles of a garden builder in constructing gardens, how a garden builder received new project assignments, and the competitive business environment. This paper proposes that garden builders would promote their skill, establish their fame, and differentiate themselves within a competitive environment through initiating writing projects. This paper argues that garden builders became successful not only because they were great designers but also because they were competent communicators and promoters of their works.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48623585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2022.2037915
Rocío G. Sumillera
Abstract: Hernando Colón, second son to Christopher Columbus, was not only an outstanding book collector but also the devisor of an ambitious garden, the Huerta de Goles, where he grew endemic New World trees and plants. His pioneering botanical enterprises were well known among his contemporaries, and they became a model to follow for subsequent generations of Spanish botanists. This article analyses what is known about Hernando’s magnificent garden project by considering various sources, from legal documents to contemporary literary accounts, and sheds light on his botanic endeavours by connecting them to his universal library, thereby understanding the indivisibility of libraries and gardens in the imaginations of early modern authors and scientists.
摘要:埃尔南多Colón是克里斯托弗·哥伦布的次子，他不仅是一位杰出的书籍收藏家，而且还是一个雄心勃勃的花园Huerta de Goles的设计者，在那里他种植了新大陆特有的树木和植物。他开创的植物学事业在他的同时代人中是众所周知的，并成为后来几代西班牙植物学家效仿的榜样。本文通过考虑各种来源，从法律文件到当代文学报道，分析了埃尔南多宏伟的花园项目，并通过将它们与他的通用图书馆联系起来，揭示了他的植物学努力，从而理解了早期现代作家和科学家想象中的图书馆和花园的不可分割性。
{"title":"Unearthing the garden of Hernando Colón (1488–1539)","authors":"Rocío G. Sumillera","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2022.2037915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2022.2037915","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Hernando Colón, second son to Christopher Columbus, was not only an outstanding book collector but also the devisor of an ambitious garden, the Huerta de Goles, where he grew endemic New World trees and plants. His pioneering botanical enterprises were well known among his contemporaries, and they became a model to follow for subsequent generations of Spanish botanists. This article analyses what is known about Hernando’s magnificent garden project by considering various sources, from legal documents to contemporary literary accounts, and sheds light on his botanic endeavours by connecting them to his universal library, thereby understanding the indivisibility of libraries and gardens in the imaginations of early modern authors and scientists.","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48002085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：