Nano Letters最新文献

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Achieving a Noise Limit with a Few-layer WSe2 Avalanche Photodetector at Room Temperature 在室温条件下实现几层 WSe2 雪崩光电探测器的噪声极限

IF 10.8 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03450

Xin Li, Jin Chen, Feilong Yu, Xiaoshuang Chen, Wei Lu, Guanhai Li

We engineered a two-dimensional Pt/WSe₂/Ni avalanche photodetector (APD) optimized for ultraweak signal detection at room temperature. By fine-tuning the work functions, we achieved an ultralow dark current of 10^–14 A under small bias, with a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 8.09 fW/Hz^1/2. This performance is driven by effective dark barrier blocking and a record-long electron mean free path (123 nm) in intrinsic WSe₂, minimizing dark carrier replenishment and suppressing noise under an ultralow electric field. Our APD exhibits a high gain of 5 × 10⁵ at a modulation frequency of 20 kHz, effectively balancing gain and bandwidth, a common challenge in traditional photovoltaic-based APDs. By addressing the typical challenges of high noise and low gain and minimizing dependence on high electric fields, this work highlights the potential of 2D materials in developing efficient, low-power, and ultrasensitive photodetections.

我们设计了一种二维 Pt/WSe2/Ni 雪崩光电探测器 (APD)，它针对室温下的超弱信号检测进行了优化。通过微调工作函数，我们在小偏压下实现了 10-14 A 的超低暗电流，噪声等效功率 (NEP) 为 8.09 fW/Hz1/2。这一性能得益于本征 WSe2 中有效的暗势垒阻断和创纪录的长电子平均自由路径（123 nm），从而最大限度地减少了暗载流子补充，并抑制了超低电场下的噪声。我们的 APD 在 20 kHz 的调制频率下具有 5 × 105 的高增益，有效地平衡了增益和带宽，而这正是传统光电 APD 所面临的共同挑战。通过解决高噪声和低增益的典型挑战，并最大限度地减少对高电场的依赖，这项工作凸显了二维材料在开发高效、低功耗和超灵敏光检测器方面的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Improving Seed Shattering Resistance in Wild O. alta Rice with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Delivery Systems. 利用介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒输送系统提高野生水稻种子的抗破碎性

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02297

Zhujiang Liu, Jingkun Zhang, Yao Cai, Hang Wang, Mingjie Luo, Jiayang Li, Hong Yu, Xiangbing Meng, Yuhong Cao

To address food security challenges and climate change, the polyploid wild rice Oryza alta has been explored as a potential crop, although it suffers from seed shattering. We employed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to deliver small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for targeted gene silencing. Foliar spraying of MSN-siRNA complexes effectively delivered siRNA, resulting in up to 70% gene silencing of the PDS gene and 75% silencing of the transgenic Ruby gene. Additionally, MSN-siRNAs were infiltrated into the panicles of O. alta to target four seed shattering major genes every other day for 2 weeks until heading outdoors. This method silenced all four shattering genes ranging from 10.7% to 49.4% and significantly reduced the formation of the abscission layer between rice grains and pedicels, which enhanced pedicel tensile strength. Our MSN-siRNA system provides a flexible, nonpermanent approach to modifying crop traits, offering a promising tool for sustainable agricultural practices.

为了应对粮食安全挑战和气候变化，多倍体野生稻 Oryza alta 已被视为一种潜在的作物，尽管它存在种子破碎的问题。我们利用介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSNs）输送小干扰 RNAs（siRNAs），以实现靶向基因沉默。叶面喷洒MSN-siRNA复合物可有效传递siRNA，从而使PDS基因的沉默率高达70%，转基因Ruby基因的沉默率高达75%。此外，将MSN-siRNA渗入O. alta的圆锥花序中，针对4个种子破碎的主要基因，每隔一天渗入一次，持续2周，直至萌发到室外。这种方法沉默了 10.7% 到 49.4% 的所有四个碎裂基因，并显著减少了稻粒和花梗之间脱落层的形成，从而增强了花梗的抗拉强度。我们的 MSN-siRNA 系统为改变作物性状提供了一种灵活、非永久性的方法，为可持续农业实践提供了一种前景广阔的工具。

引用次数: 0

Simultaneously Enhancing Brightness and Purity of WSe2 Single Photon Emitter Using High-Aspect-Ratio Nanopillar Array on Metal 在金属上使用高宽比纳米柱阵列同时提高 WSe2 单光子发射器的亮度和纯度

IF 10.8 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03168

Mayank Chhaperwal, Himanshu Madhukar Tongale, Patrick Hays, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Seth Ariel Tongay, Kausik Majumdar

A monolayer semiconductor transferred on nanopillar arrays provides site-controlled, on-chip single photon emission, which is a scalable light source platform for quantum technologies. However, the brightness of these emitters reported to date often falls short of the perceived requirement for such applications. Also, the single photon purity usually degrades as the brightness increases. Hence, there is a need for a design methodology to achieve an enhanced emission rate while maintaining high single photon purity. By using WSe₂ on high-aspect-ratio (∼3, at least 2-fold higher than previous reports) nanopillar arrays, here we demonstrate >10 MHz single photon emission rate in the 770–800 nm band that is compatible with quantum memory and repeater networks (Rb-87-D1/D2 lines) and satellite quantum communication. The emitters exhibit excellent purity (even at high emission rates) and improved out-coupling due to the use of a gold back reflector that quenches the emission away from the nanopillar.

在纳米柱阵列上转移的单层半导体可提供现场控制的片上单光子发射，是量子技术的可扩展光源平台。然而，迄今报道的这些发射器的亮度往往达不到此类应用的预期要求。而且，单光子纯度通常会随着亮度的增加而降低。因此，需要一种设计方法来实现更高的发射率，同时保持较高的单光子纯度。通过在高光谱比（∼3，比以前的报告至少高出 2 倍）纳米柱阵列上使用 WSe2，我们在这里展示了 770-800 纳米波段的 10 MHz 单光子发射率，该发射率与量子存储器和中继器网络（Rb-87-D1/D2 线路）以及卫星量子通信兼容。这种发射器具有出色的纯度（即使在高发射率情况下），并且由于使用了金背反射器来淬灭远离纳米柱的发射，从而改善了外耦合。

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引用次数: 0

Magnetic Detection of Neural Activity by Nanocoil Transducers 利用纳米线圈传感器对神经活动进行磁探测

IF 10.8 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02784

Ilhan Bok, Jack Phillips, Tianxiang Zhu, Jennifer Lu, Elizabeth Detienne, Eduardo Andrade Lima, Benjamin P. Weiss, Alan Jasanoff, Aviad Hai

Electrophysiological recordings from brain cells are performed routinely using implanted electrodes, but they traditionally require a wired connection to the outside of the brain. A completely passive, wireless device that does not require on-board power for active transmission but that still facilitates remote detection could open the door for mass-scale direct recording of action potentials and transform the way we acquire brain signals. We present a nanofabricated coil that forms a neuroelectromagnetic junction, yielding a highly enhanced magnetic field transduction of electrophysiology. We show that this micrometer-scale device enables remote magnetic detection of neuronal fields from the center of the coil using room temperature superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy. Further, time-locked stimulation in conjunction with magnetometry demonstrates thresholding behavior that affirms the viability of the technology for detection with no requirement for wires or on-board power. This strategy may permit unprecedented detection of electrophysiology using magnetoencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging.

利用植入电极对脑细胞进行电生理记录是一项常规工作，但传统上需要与大脑外部进行有线连接。一种完全无源的无线装置不需要机载电源进行主动传输，但仍能方便地进行远程检测，这将为大规模直接记录动作电位打开大门，并改变我们获取大脑信号的方式。我们介绍了一种纳米加工线圈，它能形成神经电磁结，产生高度增强的电生理学磁场转导。我们的研究表明，这种微米级装置可以利用室温超导量子干涉装置（SQUID）显微镜从线圈中心对神经元场进行远程磁场检测。此外，结合磁力测量法的时间锁定刺激显示了阈值行为，证实了该技术在无需导线或板载电源的情况下进行检测的可行性。这种策略可以利用脑磁图和磁共振成像对电生理学进行前所未有的检测。

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引用次数: 0

Membrane-Active Antibiotics Affect Domains in Bacterial Membranes as the First Step of Their Activity. 膜活性抗生素影响细菌膜的结构域，这是它们发挥作用的第一步。

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Epub Date: 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01873

Adéla Melcrová, Christiaan Klein, Wouter H Roos

The need to combat antimicrobial resistance is becoming more and more pressing. Here we investigate the working mechanism of a small cationic agent, N-alkylamide 3d, by conventional and high-speed atomic force microscopy. We show that N-alkylamide 3d interacts with the membrane of Staphylococcus aureus, where it changes the organization and dynamics of lipid domains. After this initial step, supramolecular structures of the antimicrobial agent attach on top of the affected membrane gradually, covering it entirely. These results demonstrate that lateral domains in the bacterial membranes might be affected by small antimicrobial agents more often than anticipated. At the same time, we show a new dual-step activity of N-alkylamide 3d that not only destroys the lateral membrane organization but also effectively covers the whole membrane with aggregates. This final step could render the membrane inaccessible from the outside and possibly prevent signaling and waste disposal of living bacteria.

对抗抗菌药耐药性的需求越来越迫切。在这里，我们通过传统和高速原子力显微镜研究了一种小型阳离子剂 N-alkylamide 3d 的工作机制。我们发现，N-烷基酰胺 3d 与金黄色葡萄球菌的膜相互作用，改变了脂质结构域的组织和动态。在这一初始步骤之后，抗菌剂的超分子结构逐渐附着在受影响的膜上，并将其完全覆盖。这些结果表明，细菌膜上的横向结构域受到小抗菌剂影响的频率可能高于预期。同时，我们还展示了 N- 烷基酰胺 3d 新的双步骤活性，它不仅能破坏侧膜组织，还能有效地用聚集体覆盖整个膜。这最后一步可使膜无法从外部进入，并可能阻止活细菌的信号传递和废物处理。

引用次数: 0

Large-Area Perovskite Nanocrystal Metasurfaces for Direction-Tunable Lasing 用于定向可调激光的大面积 Perovskite 纳米晶体金属表面

IF 10.8 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03921

Nanli Mou, Bing Tang, Bowen Han, Jingyue Yu, Delin Zhang, Zichun Bai, Mou Zhong, Biye Xie, Zhaoyu Zhang, Shikai Deng, Andrey L. Rogach, Jingtian Hu, Jun Guan

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are attractive emissive materials for developing compact lasers. However, manipulation of PNC laser directionality has been difficult, which limits their usage in photonic devices that require on-demand tunability. Here we demonstrate PNC metasurface lasers with engineered emission angles. We fabricated millimeter-scale CsPbBr₃ PNC metasurfaces using an all-solution-processing technique based on soft nanoimprinting lithography. By designing band-edge photonic modes at the high-symmetry X point of the reciprocal lattice, we achieved four linearly polarized lasing beams along a polar angle of ∼30° under optical pumping. The device architecture further allows tuning of the lasing emission angles to 0° and ∼50°, respectively, by adjusting the PNC thickness to shift other high-symmetry points (Γ and M) to the PNC emission wavelength range. Our laser design strategies offer prospects for applications in directional optical antennas and detectors, 3D laser projection displays, and multichannel visible light communication.

过氧化物纳米晶体（PNC）是一种极具吸引力的发射材料，可用于开发紧凑型激光器。然而，操纵 PNC 激光的方向性一直很困难，这限制了它们在需要按需调谐的光子设备中的应用。在这里，我们展示了具有工程发射角的 PNC 超表面激光器。我们采用基于软纳米压印光刻技术的全溶液加工技术，制造出毫米级 CsPbBr3 PNC 元表面。通过在倒易点阵的高对称 X 点设计带边光子模式，我们在光泵浦条件下实现了沿极角 ∼ 30° 的四个线性偏振激光束。通过调整 PNC 厚度，将其他高对称点（Γ 和 M）移至 PNC 发射波长范围，该器件结构还可进一步将激光发射角分别调至 0° 和 ∼ 50°。我们的激光设计策略为定向光学天线和探测器、三维激光投影显示和多通道可见光通信等领域的应用提供了前景。

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引用次数: 0

Light-Armed Nitric Oxide-Releasing Micromotor In Vivo 体内光臂一氧化氮释放微马达

IF 10.8 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03120

Tiange Zhang, Haojiang Ren, Haifeng Qin, Xiaoshuai Liu, Baojun Li, Xianchuang Zheng

The delivery of NO at a high spatiotemporal precision is important but still challenging for existing NO-releasing platforms due to the lack of precise motion control and limited biomedical functions. In this work, we propose an alternative strategy for developing the light-armed nitric oxide-releasing micromotor (LaNorM), in which a main light beam was employed to navigate the microparticle and stimulate NO release and an auxiliary light beam was used to cooperate with the released NO to act as a remotely controlled scalpel for cell separation. Benefiting from the advantages of fully controlled locomotion, photostimulated NO release, and microsurgery ability at the single-cell level, the proposed LaNorM could enable a series of biomedical applications in vivo, including the separation of flowing emboli, selective removal of a specific thrombus, and inhibition of thrombus growth, which may provide new insight into the precise delivery of NO and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

高时空精度地释放一氧化氮非常重要，但由于缺乏精确的运动控制和有限的生物医学功能，现有的一氧化氮释放平台仍面临挑战。在这项工作中，我们提出了开发光臂一氧化氮释放微马达（LaNorM）的另一种策略，即利用主光束导航微粒子并刺激一氧化氮释放，同时利用辅助光束与释放的一氧化氮配合，充当细胞分离的遥控手术刀。由于具有完全可控运动、光刺激 NO 释放和单细胞水平显微手术能力等优点，拟议的 LaNorM 可在体内实现一系列生物医学应用，包括分离流动的栓子、选择性清除特定血栓和抑制血栓生长，从而为精确输送 NO 和治疗心血管疾病提供新的思路。

引用次数: 0

Reconstruction and Solidification of Dion-Jacobson Perovskite Top and Buried Interfaces for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells. 重构和凝固 Dion-Jacobson Perovskite 顶面和埋面，实现高效稳定的太阳能电池。

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03013

Jifei Wang, Guozheng Nie, Wenjin Huang, Yuanyuan Guo, Ying Li, Zhangqiang Yang, Yan Chen, Kang Ding, Ye Yang, Weike Wang, Le-Man Kuang, Kaike Yang, Dongsheng Tang, Yaxin Zhai

Quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskites show great potential in the field of photonic and optoelectronic device applications. However, defects and local lattice dislocation still limit performance and stability improvement by nonradiative recombination, unpreferred phase distribution, and unbonded amines. Here, a low-temperature synergistic strategy for both reconstructing and solidifying the perovskite top and buried interface is developed. By post-treating the 1,4-phenylenedimethanammonium (PDMA) based (PDMA)MA₄Pb₅I₁₆ films with cesium acetate (CsAc) before thermal annealing, a condensation reaction between R-COO^- and -NH₂ and ion exchange between Cs⁺ and MA⁺ occur. It converts the unbonded amines to amides and passivates uncoordinated Pb²⁺. Meanwhile, it adjusts film composition and improves the phase distribution without changing the out-of-plane grain orientation. Consequently, performance of 18.1% and much-enhanced stability (e.g., stability for photo-oxygen increased over 10 times, light-thermal for T₉₀ over 4 times, and reverse bias over 3 times) of (PDMA)MA₄Pb₅I₁₆ perovskite solar cells are demonstrated.

准二维（Q-2D）过氧化物在光子和光电器件应用领域显示出巨大的潜力。然而，缺陷和局部晶格位错仍然限制了非辐射重组、非优选相分布和非键合胺的性能和稳定性的提高。在此，我们开发了一种低温协同策略，既能重构又能固化包晶顶部和埋藏界面。通过在热退火前用醋酸铯（CsAc）对基于 1,4-亚苯基二甲胺（PDMA）的（PDMA）MA4Pb5I16 薄膜进行后处理，R-COO- 和 -NH2 之间会发生缩合反应，Cs+ 和 MA+ 之间会发生离子交换。它将未结合的胺转化为酰胺，并使未配位的 Pb2+ 钝化。同时，它还能在不改变平面外晶粒取向的情况下调整薄膜成分并改善相分布。因此，(PDMA)MA4Pb5I16 包晶体太阳能电池的性能提高了 18.1%，稳定性大大增强（例如，光氧稳定性提高了 10 倍以上，T90 光热稳定性提高了 4 倍以上，反向偏压稳定性提高了 3 倍以上）。

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引用次数: 0

High-Active Surface of Centimeter-Scale β-In2S3 for Attomolar-Level Hg2+ Sensing 用于阿托摩尔级 Hg2+ 传感的厘米级 β-In2S3 高活性表面

IF 10.8 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c04047

Weixuan Zhang, Xuanlin Pan, Junxin Yan, Lixuan Liu, Anmin Nie, Yingchun Cheng, Fusheng Wen, Congpu Mu, Kun Zhai, Jianyong Xiang, Bochong Wang, Tianyu Xue, Zhongyuan Liu

Recognition layer materials play a crucial role in the functionality of chemical sensors. Although advancements in two-dimensional (2D) materials have promoted sensor development, the controlled fabrication of large-scale recognition layers with highly active sites remains crucial for enhancing sensor sensitivity, especially for trace detection applications. Herein, we propose a strategy for the controlled preparation of centimeter-scale non-layered ultrathin β-In₂S₃ materials with tailored high-active sites to design ultrasensitive Hg²⁺ sensors. Our results reveal that the highly active sites of non-layered β-In₂S₃ materials are pivotal for achieving superior sensing performance. Selective detection of Hg²⁺ at the 1 aM level is achieved via selective Hg–S bonding. Additionally, we evaluate that this sensor exhibits excellent performance in detecting Hg²⁺ in the tap water matrix. This work provides a proof-of-concept for utilizing non-layered 2D films in high-performance sensors and highlights their potential for diverse analyte sensing applications.

识别层材料对化学传感器的功能起着至关重要的作用。虽然二维（2D）材料的进步促进了传感器的发展，但受控制备具有高活性位点的大规模识别层对于提高传感器灵敏度仍然至关重要，尤其是在痕量检测应用中。在此，我们提出了一种策略，用于控制制备具有定制高活性位点的厘米级非层状超薄 β-In2S3 材料，以设计超灵敏 Hg2+ 传感器。我们的研究结果表明，非层状 β-In2S3 材料的高活性位点是实现优异传感性能的关键。通过选择性 Hg-S 键合，实现了 1 aM 水平的 Hg2+ 选择性检测。此外，我们还评估了这种传感器在自来水基质中检测 Hg2+ 的优异性能。这项研究为在高性能传感器中使用非层状二维薄膜提供了概念验证，并凸显了二维薄膜在各种分析物传感应用中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Direct Detection of the Magnetic Force and Field Coupling of Electronic Spins Using Photoinduced Magnetic Force Microscopy 利用光诱导磁力显微镜直接检测电子自旋的磁力和磁场耦合

IF 10.8 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03437

Zhenrong Zhang, Qiang Zhu, Liangjie Li, Huan Fei Wen, Hao Guo, Zongmin Ma, Ye Tian, Yasuhiro Sugawara, Yan Jun Li, Jun Tang, Jun Liu

The intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment can provide insights into spintronics. However, the interaction is extremely weak, as is the case with the coupling between an electron’s spin and a magnetic field, and it poses significant experimental challenges. Here we demonstrate the direct measurement of polarized single NV^– centers and their spin–spin coupling behaviors in diamond. By using photoinduced magnetic force microscopy, we obtain the extremely weak magnetic force coupling originating from the electron spin. The polarized spin state of NV^– centers, transitioning from |0⟩ to |±1⟩, and their corresponding Zeeman effect can be characterized through their interaction with a magnetic tip. The result presents an advancement in achieving electron spin measurements by magnetic force, avoiding the need for manufacturing conductive substrates. This facilitates a better understanding and control of electron spin to novel electronic states for future quantum technologies.

电子的固有自旋及其相关磁矩可以让我们深入了解自旋电子学。然而，这种相互作用极其微弱，就像电子自旋与磁场之间的耦合一样，给实验带来了巨大挑战。在这里，我们展示了在金刚石中直接测量极化单个 NV 中心及其自旋-自旋耦合行为的方法。通过使用光诱导磁力显微镜，我们获得了源自电子自旋的极弱磁力耦合。NV- 中心的极化自旋状态（从|0⟩过渡到|±1⟩）及其相应的泽曼效应可以通过它们与磁尖的相互作用来表征。该成果在通过磁力实现电子自旋测量方面取得了进步，避免了制造导电基底的需要。这有助于更好地理解和控制电子自旋，为未来的量子技术提供新的电子状态。

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引用次数: 0

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