Achieving active, multistate control over the topology of in-plane polaritons is crucial for developing advanced nanophotonic devices, yet existing platforms are fundamentally limited by intrinsic structures of natural materials or restricted tuning mechanisms. Here, we overcome these limitations by introducing a graphene grating/α-MoO3 heterostructure that merges static, synthetic geometric design with dynamic tuning via doping. By engineering the interaction between the intrinsic anisotropy of α-MoO3 and the tunable synthetic anisotropy of the graphene metasurface, we realize a doping-driven re-entrant topological transition (Hyperbolic-Elliptic-Hyperbolic). Moreover, we show that the system can be designed to exhibit a predetermined number of topological transitions by geometrically setting the fill factor of the grating. Finally, by rotationally misaligning the two anisotropic axes, we experimentally validate tilted, asymmetric polaritons and vortex-like patterns via s-SNOM. This work establishes a framework for programming polaritonic topology, directionality, and symmetry, opening a route toward advanced reconfigurable nanophotonic devices.
{"title":"Programmable Re-entrant Topological Polaritons in Graphene Grating/α-MoO3 Heterostructure","authors":"Hanchao Teng,Chengyu Jiang,Min Liu,Yunpeng Qu,Shenghan Zhou,Zhuoxin Xue,Hualong Zhu,Jiayi Gui,Shuang Xi,Yejing Yang,Na Chen,Hai Hu,Qing Dai","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06162","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving active, multistate control over the topology of in-plane polaritons is crucial for developing advanced nanophotonic devices, yet existing platforms are fundamentally limited by intrinsic structures of natural materials or restricted tuning mechanisms. Here, we overcome these limitations by introducing a graphene grating/α-MoO3 heterostructure that merges static, synthetic geometric design with dynamic tuning via doping. By engineering the interaction between the intrinsic anisotropy of α-MoO3 and the tunable synthetic anisotropy of the graphene metasurface, we realize a doping-driven re-entrant topological transition (Hyperbolic-Elliptic-Hyperbolic). Moreover, we show that the system can be designed to exhibit a predetermined number of topological transitions by geometrically setting the fill factor of the grating. Finally, by rotationally misaligning the two anisotropic axes, we experimentally validate tilted, asymmetric polaritons and vortex-like patterns via s-SNOM. This work establishes a framework for programming polaritonic topology, directionality, and symmetry, opening a route toward advanced reconfigurable nanophotonic devices.","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"288 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achieving active, multistate control over the topology of in-plane polaritons is crucial for developing advanced nanophotonic devices, yet existing platforms are fundamentally limited by intrinsic structures of natural materials or restricted tuning mechanisms. Here, we overcome these limitations by introducing a graphene grating/α-MoO3 heterostructure that merges static, synthetic geometric design with dynamic tuning via doping. By engineering the interaction between the intrinsic anisotropy of α-MoO3 and the tunable synthetic anisotropy of the graphene metasurface, we realize a doping-driven re-entrant topological transition (Hyperbolic-Elliptic-Hyperbolic). Moreover, we show that the system can be designed to exhibit a predetermined number of topological transitions by geometrically setting the fill factor of the grating. Finally, by rotationally misaligning the two anisotropic axes, we experimentally validate tilted, asymmetric polaritons and vortex-like patterns via s-SNOM. This work establishes a framework for programming polaritonic topology, directionality, and symmetry, opening a route toward advanced reconfigurable nanophotonic devices.
{"title":"Programmable Re-entrant Topological Polaritons in Graphene Grating/α-MoO3 Heterostructure","authors":"Hanchao Teng,Chengyu Jiang,Min Liu,Yunpeng Qu,Shenghan Zhou,Zhuoxin Xue,Hualong Zhu,Jiayi Gui,Shuang Xi,Yejing Yang,Na Chen,Hai Hu,Qing Dai","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06162","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving active, multistate control over the topology of in-plane polaritons is crucial for developing advanced nanophotonic devices, yet existing platforms are fundamentally limited by intrinsic structures of natural materials or restricted tuning mechanisms. Here, we overcome these limitations by introducing a graphene grating/α-MoO3 heterostructure that merges static, synthetic geometric design with dynamic tuning via doping. By engineering the interaction between the intrinsic anisotropy of α-MoO3 and the tunable synthetic anisotropy of the graphene metasurface, we realize a doping-driven re-entrant topological transition (Hyperbolic-Elliptic-Hyperbolic). Moreover, we show that the system can be designed to exhibit a predetermined number of topological transitions by geometrically setting the fill factor of the grating. Finally, by rotationally misaligning the two anisotropic axes, we experimentally validate tilted, asymmetric polaritons and vortex-like patterns via s-SNOM. This work establishes a framework for programming polaritonic topology, directionality, and symmetry, opening a route toward advanced reconfigurable nanophotonic devices.","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interfacial degradation is a major bottleneck for LiFe1–xMnxPO4 (LMFP) cathodes. Conventional surface modifications, such as inert coatings or doped layers, can mitigate interfacial metal dissolution but often at the cost of Li+ transport, leading to a long-standing trade-off between interfacial stability and interfacial electrochemical kinetics. Here, we reconciles this conflict by constructing a surface-confined Li–Fe antisite defect layer via a simple ferrocene-assisted thermal treatment. A moderate antisite concentration (∼3.2%) simultaneously densifies the surface lattice, significantly suppressing Mn and Fe dissolution while enabling a transition of Li+ diffusion from one-dimensional (1D) to three-dimensional (3D) at the surface. This dual-function surface significantly improves both cycling stability and kinetics of the LMFP. Beyond practical improvements, these results overturn the conventional view of antisite defects as purely detrimental, establishing controlled antisite engineering as a versatile paradigm for reconciling interfacial stability with fast ion transport in phosphate cathodes.
{"title":"Surface Antisite Defect-Induced Three-Dimensional Li+ Diffusion Enables Stable and Kinetic-Enhanced LiFe1–xMnxPO4 Cathodes","authors":"Zhujing Lu,Ruijie Xu,Xianji Qiao,Wujun Zhang,Guokang Chen,Yixiao Zhang,Weihong Li,Lei Fang,Le Yang,Huabin Kong,Yanbin Shen,Hongwei Chen,Liwei Chen,Zhujing Lu,Ruijie Xu,Xianji Qiao,Wujun Zhang,Guokang Chen,Yixiao Zhang,Weihong Li,Lei Fang,Le Yang,Huabin Kong,Yanbin Shen,Hongwei Chen,Liwei Chen","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06021","url":null,"abstract":"Interfacial degradation is a major bottleneck for LiFe1–xMnxPO4 (LMFP) cathodes. Conventional surface modifications, such as inert coatings or doped layers, can mitigate interfacial metal dissolution but often at the cost of Li+ transport, leading to a long-standing trade-off between interfacial stability and interfacial electrochemical kinetics. Here, we reconciles this conflict by constructing a surface-confined Li–Fe antisite defect layer via a simple ferrocene-assisted thermal treatment. A moderate antisite concentration (∼3.2%) simultaneously densifies the surface lattice, significantly suppressing Mn and Fe dissolution while enabling a transition of Li+ diffusion from one-dimensional (1D) to three-dimensional (3D) at the surface. This dual-function surface significantly improves both cycling stability and kinetics of the LMFP. Beyond practical improvements, these results overturn the conventional view of antisite defects as purely detrimental, establishing controlled antisite engineering as a versatile paradigm for reconciling interfacial stability with fast ion transport in phosphate cathodes.","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crystalline porous organic frameworks, including covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), provide geometrically tunable platforms for exotic electronic phenomena. Through symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that two-dimensional organic breathing kagome (BK) COF and HOF exhibit pronounced orbital Hall effect (OHE), nonlinear Hall effect (NHE), and nonequilibrium orbital magnetization (NEOM) driven by breathing-induced inversion-symmetry breaking (ISB). Due to the negligible spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in organic materials, these responses originate purely from geometric modulation, enabling reversible control of the orbital angular momentum and Berry curvature and thus switchable OHE, NHE, and NEOM. Notably, OHE persists across gaps induced by both Haldane and ISB effects, while NHE and NEOM are exclusively observed in the ISB regime and maintain breathing-tunable characteristics. Our findings identify organic BK lattices as an ideal SOC-free geometry-controllable platform for realizing and manipulating OHE and NHE.
{"title":"Breathing-Controlled Pure Orbital and Nonlinear Hall Effects in 2D Organic Kagome Frameworks","authors":"Lei Yang, , , Jinming Dong, , , Zhikuan Wang, , , Dongmei Li, , , Chuanhui Chen, , , Bing Huang*, , , Desheng Liu*, , and , Bin Cui*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05719","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05719","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Crystalline porous organic frameworks, including covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), provide geometrically tunable platforms for exotic electronic phenomena. Through symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that two-dimensional organic breathing kagome (BK) COF and HOF exhibit pronounced orbital Hall effect (OHE), nonlinear Hall effect (NHE), and nonequilibrium orbital magnetization (NEOM) driven by breathing-induced inversion-symmetry breaking (ISB). Due to the negligible spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in organic materials, these responses originate purely from geometric modulation, enabling reversible control of the orbital angular momentum and Berry curvature and thus switchable OHE, NHE, and NEOM. Notably, OHE persists across gaps induced by both Haldane and ISB effects, while NHE and NEOM are exclusively observed in the ISB regime and maintain breathing-tunable characteristics. Our findings identify organic BK lattices as an ideal SOC-free geometry-controllable platform for realizing and manipulating OHE and NHE.</p>","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"26 4","pages":"1455–1461"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05340
Emma M. Simmerman,Aaron R. Altman,Felipe H. da Jornada
Plasmonic nanocatalysts have emerged as highly tunable photocatalytic systems for driving nonequilibrium chemistry. However, the underlying microscopic mechanisms are poorly understood, since prevailing models wash out many-body interactions or atomistic details. Here, we address this gap by studying a prototypical small plasmonic nanoparticle within a first-principles GW plus Bethe–Salpeter equation approach. Despite their metallic composition, we find that electronic correlations qualitatively change the electronic and optical properties of this system. The optical response is dominated by plexcitons─plasmons hybridized with strongly bound (>2 eV) electron–hole pairs─showing that the established understanding of nanoparticles underpinned by free electron models is qualitatively incorrect for small nanoparticles. Additionally, we develop a quantitative metric of plasmonicity based on the excited-state wavefunctions and find that one dopant atom perturbs both the low-energy excitons and plasmonic states. Our results suggest that excitonic effects may influence optically driven chemical reactions in small metallic nanoparticles.
{"title":"Giant Plasmon-Exciton Coupling in Small Plasmonic Nanoparticles from an Ab Initio GW-BSE Approach","authors":"Emma M. Simmerman,Aaron R. Altman,Felipe H. da Jornada","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05340","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic nanocatalysts have emerged as highly tunable photocatalytic systems for driving nonequilibrium chemistry. However, the underlying microscopic mechanisms are poorly understood, since prevailing models wash out many-body interactions or atomistic details. Here, we address this gap by studying a prototypical small plasmonic nanoparticle within a first-principles GW plus Bethe–Salpeter equation approach. Despite their metallic composition, we find that electronic correlations qualitatively change the electronic and optical properties of this system. The optical response is dominated by plexcitons─plasmons hybridized with strongly bound (>2 eV) electron–hole pairs─showing that the established understanding of nanoparticles underpinned by free electron models is qualitatively incorrect for small nanoparticles. Additionally, we develop a quantitative metric of plasmonicity based on the excited-state wavefunctions and find that one dopant atom perturbs both the low-energy excitons and plasmonic states. Our results suggest that excitonic effects may influence optically driven chemical reactions in small metallic nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achieving active, multistate control over the topology of in-plane polaritons is crucial for developing advanced nanophotonic devices, yet existing platforms are fundamentally limited by intrinsic structures of natural materials or restricted tuning mechanisms. Here, we overcome these limitations by introducing a graphene grating/α-MoO3 heterostructure that merges static, synthetic geometric design with dynamic tuning via doping. By engineering the interaction between the intrinsic anisotropy of α-MoO3 and the tunable synthetic anisotropy of the graphene metasurface, we realize a doping-driven re-entrant topological transition (Hyperbolic-Elliptic-Hyperbolic). Moreover, we show that the system can be designed to exhibit a predetermined number of topological transitions by geometrically setting the fill factor of the grating. Finally, by rotationally misaligning the two anisotropic axes, we experimentally validate tilted, asymmetric polaritons and vortex-like patterns via s-SNOM. This work establishes a framework for programming polaritonic topology, directionality, and symmetry, opening a route toward advanced reconfigurable nanophotonic devices.
{"title":"Programmable Re-entrant Topological Polaritons in Graphene Grating/α-MoO3 Heterostructure","authors":"Hanchao Teng,Chengyu Jiang,Min Liu,Yunpeng Qu,Shenghan Zhou,Zhuoxin Xue,Hualong Zhu,Jiayi Gui,Shuang Xi,Yejing Yang,Na Chen,Hai Hu,Qing Dai","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06162","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving active, multistate control over the topology of in-plane polaritons is crucial for developing advanced nanophotonic devices, yet existing platforms are fundamentally limited by intrinsic structures of natural materials or restricted tuning mechanisms. Here, we overcome these limitations by introducing a graphene grating/α-MoO3 heterostructure that merges static, synthetic geometric design with dynamic tuning via doping. By engineering the interaction between the intrinsic anisotropy of α-MoO3 and the tunable synthetic anisotropy of the graphene metasurface, we realize a doping-driven re-entrant topological transition (Hyperbolic-Elliptic-Hyperbolic). Moreover, we show that the system can be designed to exhibit a predetermined number of topological transitions by geometrically setting the fill factor of the grating. Finally, by rotationally misaligning the two anisotropic axes, we experimentally validate tilted, asymmetric polaritons and vortex-like patterns via s-SNOM. This work establishes a framework for programming polaritonic topology, directionality, and symmetry, opening a route toward advanced reconfigurable nanophotonic devices.","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05416
D Manikandan,Suman Chakraborty
Memristors, whose conductance depends on their past electrical history, are the foundation of emerging brain-inspired artificial computing architectures. Here, we demonstrate a unipolar memristor in which both ionic conductance and electroosmotic flow exhibit pronounced hysteresis, enabling dual-mode memory in charge and water transport. Strikingly, this behavior emerges without structural asymmetry or chemical modification. Instead, it originates from a novel mechanism, which involves a reversible transition in a nanoconfined system driven by charge inversion, where counterions overcompensate surface charge. This transition marks a boundary between two distinct electrostatic states in response to an applied electric field. We harness this unique mechanism to emulate synaptic plasticity and implement learning and classification in artificial neural networks and convolutional models. These findings establish a new class of field-tunable aqueous platforms, unlocking opportunities in neuromorphic logic, adaptive computing, biointerfacing, and real-time environmental sensing.
{"title":"Reversible Charge Inversion Enables Field-Programmable Nanofluidic Memristor and Synapse for Neuromorphic Applications.","authors":"D Manikandan,Suman Chakraborty","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05416","url":null,"abstract":"Memristors, whose conductance depends on their past electrical history, are the foundation of emerging brain-inspired artificial computing architectures. Here, we demonstrate a unipolar memristor in which both ionic conductance and electroosmotic flow exhibit pronounced hysteresis, enabling dual-mode memory in charge and water transport. Strikingly, this behavior emerges without structural asymmetry or chemical modification. Instead, it originates from a novel mechanism, which involves a reversible transition in a nanoconfined system driven by charge inversion, where counterions overcompensate surface charge. This transition marks a boundary between two distinct electrostatic states in response to an applied electric field. We harness this unique mechanism to emulate synaptic plasticity and implement learning and classification in artificial neural networks and convolutional models. These findings establish a new class of field-tunable aqueous platforms, unlocking opportunities in neuromorphic logic, adaptive computing, biointerfacing, and real-time environmental sensing.","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"395 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06176
Zhaoyi Joy Zheng,Haosen Guan,Danrui Ni,Guangming Cheng,Yanyu Jia,Ipsita Das,Yue Tang,Ayelet J. Uzan-Narovlansky,Lihan Shi,Kenji Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Nan Yao,Robert J. Cava,Sanfeng Wu,Zhaoyi Joy Zheng,Haosen Guan,Danrui Ni,Guangming Cheng,Yanyu Jia,Ipsita Das,Yue Tang,Ayelet J. Uzan-Narovlansky,Lihan Shi,Kenji Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Nan Yao,Robert J. Cava,Sanfeng Wu
Synthesizing single crystals suitable for quantum electronic discoveries remains challenging for many emerging materials. We introduce van der Waals (vdW) stacks as nanochemical reactors for single-crystal synthesis and demonstrate their broad applicability in growing both elemental and compound crystals at the micrometer scale. By encapsulating atomically thin reactants that are stacked compactly with inert vdW layers, we achieve nanoconfined synthesis with the resulting crystals remaining encapsulated. As a proof of concept, we synthesized isolated single crystals of elemental tellurium and distinct types of Pd–Te compounds. Structural characterization confirms the high crystalline quality of the products. We observe the intrinsic semiconducting gap of tellurium and superconductivity in nonstoichiometric PdTe1–x with a significantly reduced Te content. The concept of vdW nanoreactors is broadly generalizable, chip-integrable, well-suited to a wide range of processing conditions, and compatible with nanofabrication, offering a versatile pathway to expand the accessible landscape of quantum materials.
{"title":"van der Waals Nanochemical Reactors","authors":"Zhaoyi Joy Zheng,Haosen Guan,Danrui Ni,Guangming Cheng,Yanyu Jia,Ipsita Das,Yue Tang,Ayelet J. Uzan-Narovlansky,Lihan Shi,Kenji Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Nan Yao,Robert J. Cava,Sanfeng Wu,Zhaoyi Joy Zheng,Haosen Guan,Danrui Ni,Guangming Cheng,Yanyu Jia,Ipsita Das,Yue Tang,Ayelet J. Uzan-Narovlansky,Lihan Shi,Kenji Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Nan Yao,Robert J. Cava,Sanfeng Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06176","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesizing single crystals suitable for quantum electronic discoveries remains challenging for many emerging materials. We introduce van der Waals (vdW) stacks as nanochemical reactors for single-crystal synthesis and demonstrate their broad applicability in growing both elemental and compound crystals at the micrometer scale. By encapsulating atomically thin reactants that are stacked compactly with inert vdW layers, we achieve nanoconfined synthesis with the resulting crystals remaining encapsulated. As a proof of concept, we synthesized isolated single crystals of elemental tellurium and distinct types of Pd–Te compounds. Structural characterization confirms the high crystalline quality of the products. We observe the intrinsic semiconducting gap of tellurium and superconductivity in nonstoichiometric PdTe1–x with a significantly reduced Te content. The concept of vdW nanoreactors is broadly generalizable, chip-integrable, well-suited to a wide range of processing conditions, and compatible with nanofabrication, offering a versatile pathway to expand the accessible landscape of quantum materials.","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04732
Kai Tang, , , Liyin Tian, , , Zihan Shen, , , Wen Xie, , , Song Kiat Jacob Lim, , , Longcheng Zhang, , , Pengfei Song, , and , Zhichuan J. Xu*,
Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs), coupling lithiated cathodes and bare anode current collectors, deliver advantages in both energy density and safety. Nevertheless, AFLMBs suffer from a limited cycling life due to the parasitic reactions and vulnerable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). In this study, a chromium nitride nanofilm is coated on copper foil by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) to optimize Li deposition and participate in forming a gradient SEI. This gradient SEI has a LiF-rich surface and a CrF3-rich middle layer, mitigating parasitic electrolyte decomposition by reducing electron leakage into the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the inner region of the SEI is predominately composed of Li3N, which facilitates smooth Li+ transport and uniform Li deposition. Under lean-electrolyte conditions (1.75 g of Ah–1), the anode-free pouch cell (0.72 Ah) achieves a high energy density of 453 Wh kg–1. This work presents a scalable route to nanoscale lithiophilic coatings, advancing AFLMB technology toward practical application.
无阳极锂金属电池（aflmb），耦合锂化阴极和裸阳极集流器，在能量密度和安全性方面都具有优势。然而，由于寄生反应和脆弱的固体-电解质间相（SEI）， aflmb的循环寿命有限。在本研究中，通过过滤阴极真空电弧（FCVA）在铜箔上涂覆氮化铬纳米膜，以优化Li沉积并参与梯度SEI的形成。这种梯度SEI具有富liff的表面和富crf3的中间层，通过减少电子泄漏到电解质中来减轻寄生电解质分解。同时，SEI内部区域主要由Li3N组成，有利于Li+的顺利运输和Li的均匀沉积。在稀薄电解质条件下（1.75 g Ah-1），无阳极袋状电池（0.72 Ah）达到453 Wh kg-1的高能量密度。这项工作为纳米级亲锂涂层提供了一条可扩展的途径，推动了AFLMB技术走向实际应用。
{"title":"Seeding a Gradient Solid-Electrolyte Interphase in Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries","authors":"Kai Tang, , , Liyin Tian, , , Zihan Shen, , , Wen Xie, , , Song Kiat Jacob Lim, , , Longcheng Zhang, , , Pengfei Song, , and , Zhichuan J. Xu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04732","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04732","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs), coupling lithiated cathodes and bare anode current collectors, deliver advantages in both energy density and safety. Nevertheless, AFLMBs suffer from a limited cycling life due to the parasitic reactions and vulnerable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). In this study, a chromium nitride nanofilm is coated on copper foil by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) to optimize Li deposition and participate in forming a gradient SEI. This gradient SEI has a LiF-rich surface and a CrF<sub>3</sub>-rich middle layer, mitigating parasitic electrolyte decomposition by reducing electron leakage into the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the inner region of the SEI is predominately composed of Li<sub>3</sub>N, which facilitates smooth Li<sup>+</sup> transport and uniform Li deposition. Under lean-electrolyte conditions (1.75 g of Ah<sup>–1</sup>), the anode-free pouch cell (0.72 Ah) achieves a high energy density of 453 Wh kg<sup>–1</sup>. This work presents a scalable route to nanoscale lithiophilic coatings, advancing AFLMB technology toward practical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"26 4","pages":"1211–1219"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04868
Ningzhi Xie, , , Vishwanath Saragadam, , , Johannes E. Fröch, , , Karl F. Böhringer, , and , Arka Majumdar*,
Hyperspectral imaging provides detailed spectral information beyond the capabilities of traditional color imaging, with a far-reaching impact in precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, and medical imaging. However, most existing systems based on tunable filters, line-scan spectrometry, and multiapertures are limited by stringent trade-offs between imaging speeds, spectral and spatial resolutions, and low light efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system featuring a metasurface code mask and compressed sensing reconstruction. Our proof-of-concept system achieves a spatial resolution of 200 × 140 pixels and 21 spectral bands that span the 480–680 nm wavelength range with a photon efficiency of 39%. This work highlights the potential of metasurface-enabled hyperspectral imaging systems, paving the way for ultracompact, high-performance hyperspectral cameras.
{"title":"Snap-Shot Hyperspectral Imaging Enabled by Metasurface","authors":"Ningzhi Xie, , , Vishwanath Saragadam, , , Johannes E. Fröch, , , Karl F. Böhringer, , and , Arka Majumdar*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04868","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04868","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hyperspectral imaging provides detailed spectral information beyond the capabilities of traditional color imaging, with a far-reaching impact in precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, and medical imaging. However, most existing systems based on tunable filters, line-scan spectrometry, and multiapertures are limited by stringent trade-offs between imaging speeds, spectral and spatial resolutions, and low light efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system featuring a metasurface code mask and compressed sensing reconstruction. Our proof-of-concept system achieves a spatial resolution of 200 × 140 pixels and 21 spectral bands that span the 480–680 nm wavelength range with a photon efficiency of 39%. This work highlights the potential of metasurface-enabled hyperspectral imaging systems, paving the way for ultracompact, high-performance hyperspectral cameras.</p>","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":"26 4","pages":"1246–1253"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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