More than Normativity. About the Function and Meaning of Magisterial and Military Ordinances during the Second Half of the Thirty Years’ War Research about German-language countries still disputes whether stately decrees (“Policeyordnungen”, “Mandate”) could be implemented by the respective subjects, or whether they should be implemented at all. This is an important question because it determines how we need to understand governance in the early modern period. The present article shows that the previous view of decrees is too narrow. The issue is not just whether decrees were implemented, but what other functions they fulfilled. The article explores these functions by looking at military and civil decrees and the related files during the second half of the Thirty Years’ War in the Duchy of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. It shows that the decrees were not only intended to regulate coexistence, but also served to store administrative knowledge. They also fulfilled diplomatic functions, recording the results of negotiations and serving as a means of sending political signals to foreign powers. By examining the multiple functions of decrees, the article sheds a new light on the military contribution system during the Thirty Years’ War.
{"title":"Mehr als Normativität","authors":"P. Haas","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.48.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.48.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"More than Normativity. About the Function and Meaning of Magisterial and Military Ordinances during the Second Half of the Thirty Years’ War Research about German-language countries still disputes whether stately decrees (“Policeyordnungen”, “Mandate”) could be implemented by the respective subjects, or whether they should be implemented at all. This is an important question because it determines how we need to understand governance in the early modern period. The present article shows that the previous view of decrees is too narrow. The issue is not just whether decrees were implemented, but what other functions they fulfilled. The article explores these functions by looking at military and civil decrees and the related files during the second half of the Thirty Years’ War in the Duchy of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. It shows that the decrees were not only intended to regulate coexistence, but also served to store administrative knowledge. They also fulfilled diplomatic functions, recording the results of negotiations and serving as a means of sending political signals to foreign powers. By examining the multiple functions of decrees, the article sheds a new light on the military contribution system during the Thirty Years’ War.","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"26 1","pages":"41-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81616577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Written City. Inscriptions as Media of Urban Knowledge of Space and Time The article investigates the function of urban inscriptions as media of knowledge about space and time at the transition from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period in the city of Braunschweig. The article starts with the insight that inscriptions in stone or wood on buildings or monuments not only convey knowledge about space and time but at the same time play an essential role in the construction of space and time in the city by the practice of inscribing. The analysis focuses on the steadily deteriorating relationship between the city of Braunschweig and its city lord, the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, and its material manifestation in building and monument inscriptions. The contribution shows that in the course of the escalating conflict over autonomy, a change in epigraphic habit took placed that aimed at claiming both urban space and its history exclusively on behalf of the city as an expression of its autonomy.
{"title":"Die geschriebene Stadt","authors":"Teresa Schröder-Stapper","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.48.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.48.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Written City. Inscriptions as Media of Urban Knowledge of Space and Time The article investigates the function of urban inscriptions as media of knowledge about space and time at the transition from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period in the city of Braunschweig. The article starts with the insight that inscriptions in stone or wood on buildings or monuments not only convey knowledge about space and time but at the same time play an essential role in the construction of space and time in the city by the practice of inscribing. The analysis focuses on the steadily deteriorating relationship between the city of Braunschweig and its city lord, the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, and its material manifestation in building and monument inscriptions. The contribution shows that in the course of the escalating conflict over autonomy, a change in epigraphic habit took placed that aimed at claiming both urban space and its history exclusively on behalf of the city as an expression of its autonomy.","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90070576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Market for Economical Knowledge? On the Difficulties in Recruiting Technical-Economic Specialists in the 17th Century In 1624, Landgrave Moritz of Hesse-Kassel sent his chamber director Wilhelm of Craesbeke to the Netherlands. His task was to meet a number of people who had offered to bring secrets (secreta or Mittel) to his lands shortly before. The economy of Hesse-Kassel stood to benefit substantively from both. It was Craesbeke’s task to find out more and, wherever it seemed worthwhile, to negotiate with the men. The article reconstructs the challenges of recruiting technical-economic specialists in the 17th century. In doing so, it outlines the market for economic knowledge, the precarious status of this knowledge and the roles played by the various market actors. It shows the close connection between knowledge and the economy in the history of the early modern period and emphasizes the importance of competition for technical and economic knowledge in early modern politics.
经济知识市场?1624年，黑森-卡塞尔的兰德格雷夫·莫里茨(Landgrave Moritz)将他的商会主任克雷斯贝克的威廉(Wilhelm of Craesbeke)派往荷兰。他的任务是会见一些不久前提出要把秘密(secreta或Mittel)带到他的土地上的人。黑森-卡塞尔的经济从两者中获益良多。克雷斯贝克的任务是找出更多的信息，并在任何值得的地方与他们谈判。本文重构了17世纪招聘技术经济专家所面临的挑战。在此过程中，它概述了经济知识的市场，这种知识的不稳定地位以及各种市场参与者所扮演的角色。它展示了早期现代历史中知识与经济的密切联系，强调了早期现代政治中技术和经济知识竞争的重要性。
{"title":"Ein Markt für ökonomisierbares Wissen?","authors":"S. Becker","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.47.4.629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.47.4.629","url":null,"abstract":"A Market for Economical Knowledge? On the Difficulties in Recruiting Technical-Economic Specialists in the 17th Century In 1624, Landgrave Moritz of Hesse-Kassel sent his chamber director Wilhelm of Craesbeke to the Netherlands. His task was to meet a number of people who had offered to bring secrets (secreta or Mittel) to his lands shortly before. The economy of Hesse-Kassel stood to benefit substantively from both. It was Craesbeke’s task to find out more and, wherever it seemed worthwhile, to negotiate with the men. The article reconstructs the challenges of recruiting technical-economic specialists in the 17th century. In doing so, it outlines the market for economic knowledge, the precarious status of this knowledge and the roles played by the various market actors. It shows the close connection between knowledge and the economy in the history of the early modern period and emphasizes the importance of competition for technical and economic knowledge in early modern politics.","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"29 1","pages":"629-662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73677932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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