{"title":"Rezension von: Gerd Schwerhoff, Hg., Stadt und Öffentlichkeit in der Frühen Neuzeit, Köln / Weimar / Wien: Böhlau, 2011","authors":"M. Knoll","doi":"10.15463/REC.1189730886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15463/REC.1189730886","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"11 1","pages":"139-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79519430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Emperor Louis IV. Imperial Rule and Princely Consent The rule of Louis IV (1314–1347) has provoked controversial judgments – by his contemporaries as well as by modern scholars. He was both condemned as a predecessor of the Antichrist on earth by the popes in Avignon and praised as a most Christian emperor by his followers. Modernhistoriography has addressed him as “Louis the Bavarian”.But this name implies the absence of the universal virtues attributed to a Roman emperor and accepts the damnation of Louis's enemies. This article discusses the controversial memories of the 14th century as well as the political framework of the Roman-German monarchy. The latter was established by princely elections and accepted by the important political players; one of its features was the imperial coronation in Rome. Louis's struggle for power determined the first decade of his reign. From 1325 to 1330 he shared rule with his Habsburg relative Frederick of Austria, a unique period of double-kingship in medieval ...
{"title":"Kaiser Ludwig IV. Imperiale Herrschaft und reichsfürstlicher Konsens","authors":"Bernd Schneidmüller","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.40.3.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.40.3.369","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Emperor Louis IV. Imperial Rule and Princely Consent The rule of Louis IV (1314–1347) has provoked controversial judgments – by his contemporaries as well as by modern scholars. He was both condemned as a predecessor of the Antichrist on earth by the popes in Avignon and praised as a most Christian emperor by his followers. Modernhistoriography has addressed him as “Louis the Bavarian”.But this name implies the absence of the universal virtues attributed to a Roman emperor and accepts the damnation of Louis's enemies. This article discusses the controversial memories of the 14th century as well as the political framework of the Roman-German monarchy. The latter was established by princely elections and accepted by the important political players; one of its features was the imperial coronation in Rome. Louis's struggle for power determined the first decade of his reign. From 1325 to 1330 he shared rule with his Habsburg relative Frederick of Austria, a unique period of double-kingship in medieval ...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"42 1","pages":"369-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84233012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary “Deadly Temper”? How Peter the Great's Violent Acts Have Been Perceived by Contemporaries and Historians The question of how many people Peter the Great killed during his reign by his own hands, for whatever reason and by whatever right, will be discussed in this article in the context of the civilizing process, the construction of European identity, the exercise of power, the history of emotions, and the role of physical presence in early modern rulers' representation. The survey suggests that historians paid attention to Peter's violent acts if they seemed to illustrate “Muscovite barbarism” or the Tsar's character traits (“hot temper”), but frequently ignored his more serious atrocities if they took place in a situation of “normal” early modern European warfare. Russia's Westernization essentially was not about enlightenment but about militarization – and Peter followed the pattern of European officers' behavior. The Tsar's personal involvement in murderous acts was possible only in consequence...
{"title":"“Tödlicher Jähzorn“ Die Gewalttaten Peters des Großen in der Wahrnehmung von Zeitgenossen und Historikern","authors":"Lorenz Erren","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.40.3.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.40.3.393","url":null,"abstract":"Summary “Deadly Temper”? How Peter the Great's Violent Acts Have Been Perceived by Contemporaries and Historians The question of how many people Peter the Great killed during his reign by his own hands, for whatever reason and by whatever right, will be discussed in this article in the context of the civilizing process, the construction of European identity, the exercise of power, the history of emotions, and the role of physical presence in early modern rulers' representation. The survey suggests that historians paid attention to Peter's violent acts if they seemed to illustrate “Muscovite barbarism” or the Tsar's character traits (“hot temper”), but frequently ignored his more serious atrocities if they took place in a situation of “normal” early modern European warfare. Russia's Westernization essentially was not about enlightenment but about militarization – and Peter followed the pattern of European officers' behavior. The Tsar's personal involvement in murderous acts was possible only in consequence...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"4 1","pages":"393-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87136881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Not “Degeneration”, but Revitalisation. Communal Conflicts in the 18th Century and the Making of Modern Switzerland The Swiss cantons of popular assemblies of the so called „Landsgemeindeorte“ were the most democratic states in the early modern period. The popular opposition against increasing oligarchical hegemony mobilized majorities and so defended fundamental political rights. Discussing Jean Bodin's ideas of sovereignty, the political thinkers of the period adapted theory to their political culture of broad participation. Although the leaders of the protest-movements finally failed and were executed, their deeds were memorialized in many songs, poems and legends. The memory of these conflicts is therefore important for the modern democratic movements of the early 19th century. In my article, I reveal details of political language and mobilization in the „Landsgemeindeorte“ of the 18th century as well as their transformation into the political culture of modern Switzerland.
{"title":"Nicht „Degeneration“, sondern Revitalisierung. Die Landsgemeindekonflikte des 18. Jahrhunderts und das Werden der modernen Schweiz","authors":"Fabian Brändle","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.40.4.593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.40.4.593","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Not “Degeneration”, but Revitalisation. Communal Conflicts in the 18th Century and the Making of Modern Switzerland The Swiss cantons of popular assemblies of the so called „Landsgemeindeorte“ were the most democratic states in the early modern period. The popular opposition against increasing oligarchical hegemony mobilized majorities and so defended fundamental political rights. Discussing Jean Bodin's ideas of sovereignty, the political thinkers of the period adapted theory to their political culture of broad participation. Although the leaders of the protest-movements finally failed and were executed, their deeds were memorialized in many songs, poems and legends. The memory of these conflicts is therefore important for the modern democratic movements of the early 19th century. In my article, I reveal details of political language and mobilization in the „Landsgemeindeorte“ of the 18th century as well as their transformation into the political culture of modern Switzerland.","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"111 1","pages":"593-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83199025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Between Miracle and Reason. The “Atlas Marianus” of the Jesuit Wilhelm Gumppenberg In 1657 the German Jesuit Wilhelm Gumppenberg published a book whose form and aim were original: the “Atlas Marianus”. This little work of handbook size was published in Latin and a year later (1658) in German by the Munich printer Jaecklin. Its purpose was to list all Marian shrines in Europe. These first Latin and German versions consisted of a hundred entries, illustrated by engravings each representing the venerated Virgin. In 1672 after long, hard work, the German Jesuit had collected 1200 entries that he gathered in a prestigious Latin edition. In the first Latin edition the author presented the shrines classified by country, as though he were drawing the outlines of a Europe placed under the protection of the Virgin. In the last and most important edition of 1672, his project assembled 1200 shrines from around the world, which were sorted into twelve sections, each one containing a hundred entries. To make th...
{"title":"Zwischen Wunder und Vernunft : der Atlas Marianus des Jesuiten Wilhelm Gumppenberg","authors":"Naïma Ghermani","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.40.2.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.40.2.227","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Between Miracle and Reason. The “Atlas Marianus” of the Jesuit Wilhelm Gumppenberg In 1657 the German Jesuit Wilhelm Gumppenberg published a book whose form and aim were original: the “Atlas Marianus”. This little work of handbook size was published in Latin and a year later (1658) in German by the Munich printer Jaecklin. Its purpose was to list all Marian shrines in Europe. These first Latin and German versions consisted of a hundred entries, illustrated by engravings each representing the venerated Virgin. In 1672 after long, hard work, the German Jesuit had collected 1200 entries that he gathered in a prestigious Latin edition. In the first Latin edition the author presented the shrines classified by country, as though he were drawing the outlines of a Europe placed under the protection of the Virgin. In the last and most important edition of 1672, his project assembled 1200 shrines from around the world, which were sorted into twelve sections, each one containing a hundred entries. To make th...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"73 1","pages":"2-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91279368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The “Scopes of Action” of “Small” Princes. A New Research Design Tested on the Dukes of Pommern-Stolp (1372–1459) Lately within medieval studies there has been an increased focus on “small” princes. These “small” princes represented the more extensive part of the so-called rank of Imperial princes, the other part of which was represented by important and very well researched dynasties such as the Habsburgs, Luxembourgers, the House of Wittelsbach, or the House of Hohenzollern. In these investigations scholars like to point out that the majority of “small” princes had been, in the best cases, of medium power, mostly of minimum power, and seemingly had almost no “scopes of action” within the imperial structure. This mostly unverified paradigm is now the subject of an innovative approach within political history, which understands politics as spaces of action and communication, in which processes of negotiation and decisions take place. Using such an approach this article will examine the little-know...
{"title":"Zu den Handlungsspielräumen „kleiner“ Fürsten. Ein neues Forschungsdesign am Beispiel der Herzöge von Pommern-Stolp (1372–1459)","authors":"Oliver Auge","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.40.2.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.40.2.183","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The “Scopes of Action” of “Small” Princes. A New Research Design Tested on the Dukes of Pommern-Stolp (1372–1459) Lately within medieval studies there has been an increased focus on “small” princes. These “small” princes represented the more extensive part of the so-called rank of Imperial princes, the other part of which was represented by important and very well researched dynasties such as the Habsburgs, Luxembourgers, the House of Wittelsbach, or the House of Hohenzollern. In these investigations scholars like to point out that the majority of “small” princes had been, in the best cases, of medium power, mostly of minimum power, and seemingly had almost no “scopes of action” within the imperial structure. This mostly unverified paradigm is now the subject of an innovative approach within political history, which understands politics as spaces of action and communication, in which processes of negotiation and decisions take place. Using such an approach this article will examine the little-know...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"29 1","pages":"183-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79192028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Die Aufklärung in der Habsburgermonarchie und ihr Erbe. Ein Forschungsüberblick","authors":"F. Fillafer","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.40.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.40.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"6 1","pages":"35-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80121282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florentine Renaissance Platonism represented syncretistic, eclectic philosophical thinking, which provided humanists a useful justification for their dedication to pagan philosophy and mythological poetry; furthermore it also challenged the authority of the Catholic Church. So far it is unknown how Florentine Platonism came to Spain and was received by the Spaniards, although it is presumed that it had a strong influence on Spanish Golden Age Poetry and Mystic. Towards the end of the 15th century, works of Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola had already been circulated in Spain and were discussed amongst scholars. Humanist teaching at universities and Latin schools provided the environment for the diffusion of these texts. However, the influence of Neo-Platonist thinking did not happen without controversy. At the court of the Catholic Kings, humanists such as Pietro Martire d'Anghiera had to defend their Platonism against orthodox clerics. This controversy was not only about the implementation of mythological writings in the classroom by humanist teachers, but mainly about the authority of theology to interpret religious truth.
{"title":"„… umso gefährlicher ist es, sie zu kennen“. Die kontroverse Aufnahme des Florentiner Renaissanceplatonismus im spanischen Humanismus (1486 – ca. 1530)","authors":"M. Biersack","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.40.4.557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.40.4.557","url":null,"abstract":"Florentine Renaissance Platonism represented syncretistic, eclectic philosophical thinking, which provided humanists a useful justification for their dedication to pagan philosophy and mythological poetry; furthermore it also challenged the authority of the Catholic Church. So far it is unknown how Florentine Platonism came to Spain and was received by the Spaniards, although it is presumed that it had a strong influence on Spanish Golden Age Poetry and Mystic. Towards the end of the 15th century, works of Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola had already been circulated in Spain and were discussed amongst scholars. Humanist teaching at universities and Latin schools provided the environment for the diffusion of these texts. However, the influence of Neo-Platonist thinking did not happen without controversy. At the court of the Catholic Kings, humanists such as Pietro Martire d'Anghiera had to defend their Platonism against orthodox clerics. This controversy was not only about the implementation of mythological writings in the classroom by humanist teachers, but mainly about the authority of theology to interpret religious truth.","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"25 1","pages":"557-592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81500128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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