Summary Church Rule of the Lower Nobility as a Research Problem Was the Princely Reformation and its system of territorial church governance originally part of Wittenberg’s master plan? Or did the collapse of the old church open up a situation in which any secular lord could take his chances?
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Summary Frederick III and the Presence of the Absent Ruler This article takes as a point of departure the frequent use of Emperor Frederick III’s well-known motto „AEIOV“. It will examine this usage to direct closer scrutiny to the role that material culture played in the practice of rulership during the 15th century. It argues that the Emperor’s well-attested love for precious stones, relics and reliquiaries, for building projects, portraits, medals, and treasure pieces was central to his idea of rulership. Moving beyond the traditional view that only Frederick’s personal taste could explain his extensive love for precious items, and refuting the idea that the rise of the individual is the best master-narrative for understanding our sources, the article highlights the novelty of using material culture for establishing presence in the ruler’s often long absences. Cultural historians have emphasized the importance of ritual and performance for pre-modern rulership. Therefore, the king’s or emperor’s absence left a gap that objects could fill: In showing the ruler as St Christopher, naming his motto or showing his coat of arms, in bringing forward his clothes or the carriages the court had used in an adventus, the ruler’s presence was established, remembered, and promised for the future. In using the material culture of his time in this way, Frederick was able to mitigate one of the weak points in his dominion. Its relatively widespread, heterogeneous, and multicentral character necessarily prohibited him from being at all major centres of the Habsburg lands at the same time. Thus, Frederick initiated a new technique of rulership in absence that not only had its root in the wider cultural context of the late Middle Ages, where discourses of presence started to dominate nearly all aspects of society, but also marked the beginning of a development that led to the all-present portraiture of the early modern world. Understudied and almost unnoticed so far, this article brings a major aspect of pre-modern culture to the fore.
{"title":"Friedrich III. und die Präsenthaltung des abwesenden Herrschers","authors":"Romedio Schmitz-Esser","doi":"10.3790/zhf.46.4.575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/zhf.46.4.575","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Frederick III and the Presence of the Absent Ruler This article takes as a point of departure the frequent use of Emperor Frederick III’s well-known motto „AEIOV“. It will examine this usage to direct closer scrutiny to the role that material culture played in the practice of rulership during the 15th century. It argues that the Emperor’s well-attested love for precious stones, relics and reliquiaries, for building projects, portraits, medals, and treasure pieces was central to his idea of rulership. Moving beyond the traditional view that only Frederick’s personal taste could explain his extensive love for precious items, and refuting the idea that the rise of the individual is the best master-narrative for understanding our sources, the article highlights the novelty of using material culture for establishing presence in the ruler’s often long absences. Cultural historians have emphasized the importance of ritual and performance for pre-modern rulership. Therefore, the king’s or emperor’s absence left a gap that objects could fill: In showing the ruler as St Christopher, naming his motto or showing his coat of arms, in bringing forward his clothes or the carriages the court had used in an adventus, the ruler’s presence was established, remembered, and promised for the future. In using the material culture of his time in this way, Frederick was able to mitigate one of the weak points in his dominion. Its relatively widespread, heterogeneous, and multicentral character necessarily prohibited him from being at all major centres of the Habsburg lands at the same time. Thus, Frederick initiated a new technique of rulership in absence that not only had its root in the wider cultural context of the late Middle Ages, where discourses of presence started to dominate nearly all aspects of society, but also marked the beginning of a development that led to the all-present portraiture of the early modern world. Understudied and almost unnoticed so far, this article brings a major aspect of pre-modern culture to the fore.","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44746395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Recommendation and Promotion.German Fire-Engine Makers and Early Modern Practicesof Advertising This paper sets out to analyse early modern practices of advertising beyond traditional modernization narratives. Combining a case-study, the marketing of fire engines in the 18th-century Lower Rhine region, with theoretical considerations, it argues that studying practices of advertising can contribute to historicizing the ‚economic‘ in a broader perspective. The paper examines the interplay between different forms of advertising, e. g. printed advertisements, public demonstrations, and recommendation letters. It identifies various strategies used to display expertise and diversify the groups of potential customers. These strategies are mapped against the particular profile of the engine-makers who moved between the border-crossing milieu of artisan-inventors and the patronage of regional administrative elites. Finally, the paper traces the different ways engine-makers competed with each other in the regional „Intelligenzblatt“ as opposed to in the marketplace, thereby linking the historicization of advertising to current debates in market sociology.
{"title":"Recommendation und Reklame","authors":"Christina Brauner","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.46.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.46.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Recommendation and Promotion.German Fire-Engine Makers and Early Modern Practicesof Advertising This paper sets out to analyse early modern practices of advertising beyond traditional modernization narratives. Combining a case-study, the marketing of fire engines in the 18th-century Lower Rhine region, with theoretical considerations, it argues that studying practices of advertising can contribute to historicizing the ‚economic‘ in a broader perspective. The paper examines the interplay between different forms of advertising, e. g. printed advertisements, public demonstrations, and recommendation letters. It identifies various strategies used to display expertise and diversify the groups of potential customers. These strategies are mapped against the particular profile of the engine-makers who moved between the border-crossing milieu of artisan-inventors and the patronage of regional administrative elites. Finally, the paper traces the different ways engine-makers competed with each other in the regional „Intelligenzblatt“ as opposed to in the marketplace, thereby linking the historicization of advertising to current debates in market sociology.","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43468410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Bateren and Samurai.The Exchange of Knowledge by the Jesuit Mission in Japan This article focuses on the production and exchange of knowledge stimulated by the missionary work of the Jesuit Order in Japan’s „Christian century“ (Charles R. Boxer). The paper shows how the printing and dissemination of Jesuit travel reports and letters created a new image of East Asia, which slowly replaced the older one based mainly on Marco Polo’s book. „Zipangu“ was replaced by „Japan“. The journey of four young Japanese nobles through Portugal, Spain and Italy, misunderstood by European observers as a spectacular diplomatic visit, aroused an overwhelming public interest in their physical appearance, habits and cultural background and made dialogues possible that led to a more detailed knowledge of the Japanese islands. On the other side of the globe, the Japanese were fascinated by the material goods, daily practices and customs of the „Southern barbarians“ (namban-jin), which is what they called the (South) European merchants and missionaries. This namban boom did not last for a long time, but it had significant effects for the geographical knowledge and cartographical practice of the time. In particular, the so-called namban world map screens, highly decorative pieces of art, brought different cultural traditions together and reflected the transcultural interactions that the Jesuit missionaries had initiated.
{"title":"Bateren und Samurai","authors":"Folker Reichert","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.45.3.431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.45.3.431","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Bateren and Samurai.The Exchange of Knowledge by the Jesuit Mission in Japan This article focuses on the production and exchange of knowledge stimulated by the missionary work of the Jesuit Order in Japan’s „Christian century“ (Charles R. Boxer). The paper shows how the printing and dissemination of Jesuit travel reports and letters created a new image of East Asia, which slowly replaced the older one based mainly on Marco Polo’s book. „Zipangu“ was replaced by „Japan“. The journey of four young Japanese nobles through Portugal, Spain and Italy, misunderstood by European observers as a spectacular diplomatic visit, aroused an overwhelming public interest in their physical appearance, habits and cultural background and made dialogues possible that led to a more detailed knowledge of the Japanese islands. On the other side of the globe, the Japanese were fascinated by the material goods, daily practices and customs of the „Southern barbarians“ (namban-jin), which is what they called the (South) European merchants and missionaries. This namban boom did not last for a long time, but it had significant effects for the geographical knowledge and cartographical practice of the time. In particular, the so-called namban world map screens, highly decorative pieces of art, brought different cultural traditions together and reflected the transcultural interactions that the Jesuit missionaries had initiated.","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49139606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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