Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.1017/s006723782300036x
G. Egry
{"title":"András B. Göllner, ed. The Forgotten Revolution: The 1919 Hungarian Republic of Councils Chicago: Black Rose Books, 2019. Pp. 274.","authors":"G. Egry","doi":"10.1017/s006723782300036x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s006723782300036x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"259 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48199563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.1017/S0067237823000346
Rosamund Johnston
in summer 1938, planned forced emigration and deportation, while the Gestapo controlled the Jewish community, punished individual Jews, issued anti-Jewish regulations, and organized the looting of assets in Vienna (365). For the mass deportations of Austrian Jews to the occupied East, the authors emphasize that Eichmann’s Central Office acted in close cooperation with the Vienna Gestapo. The Gestapo arrested many escaped Jews and non-Jewish Austrians who helped them. They also organized the expropriation of Jewish belongings by creating unique offices for this purpose. In March 1945, Karl Ebner reported to Himmler assets of one billion Reichsmarks for the Nazi State (201). Challenging previous scholarly assumptions about Nazi society, the authors emphasize that the Vienna Gestapo did not depend on denunciations for their fight against “enemies,” except for public protest and so-called radio and economic crimes during the war. Illustrated by short case studies, the authors describe Gestapo actions against Catholicism in Austria, including the seizure of property and writings; the persecution of Freemasons; and the even harsher crackdown on Jehovah’s Witnesses. With the help of a huge system of turncoat informants from the resistance milieu, often produced by centrally legalized torture, the Gestapo dismantled resistance groups of all political colors. The repression of communist resistance could be called their greatest success, according to the authors. In 1943/44, after most organized resistance was squashed, 77 percent of all Gestapo arrests targeted foreign forced laborers and Soviet POWs, whose resistance is still under-researched. As in Germany, Austrian perpetrators rarely received severe punishments after the war. Although many went to trial, they often got away with short sentences—not for their actual crimes but for being illegal Nazi Party members before the annexation. When the Gestapo head Huber claimed that he had helped Jews, the allies released him with a small fine and one year of probation. Supposedly, he had executed his tasks “as fairly and reasonable as possible” and was not a supporter of Nazi ideology (106). Some officers received more severe prison sentences but were released early. Overall, the book provides an overview of the establishment, activities, and aftermath of this largest regional Gestapo office, and it contains a useful bibliography. Unfortunately, excessive subtitles and the repetition of facts hinder the flow of the text. Comparisons with available German Gestapo studies, for example on Düsseldorf, could have helped this work, which often provides more description than analysis. There are some mistakes, such as the suggestion that the Reich Security Main Office existed during the time of the annexation, though it was founded only in September 1939 (63). At times, available literature on Austria could have prevented errors, such as the assertion that since summer 1939 Jews were recruited for minimal paid force
{"title":"Felix Jeschke. Iron Landscapes: National Space and the Railways in Interwar Czechoslovakia New York: Berghahn, 2021. Pp. 256.","authors":"Rosamund Johnston","doi":"10.1017/S0067237823000346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0067237823000346","url":null,"abstract":"in summer 1938, planned forced emigration and deportation, while the Gestapo controlled the Jewish community, punished individual Jews, issued anti-Jewish regulations, and organized the looting of assets in Vienna (365). For the mass deportations of Austrian Jews to the occupied East, the authors emphasize that Eichmann’s Central Office acted in close cooperation with the Vienna Gestapo. The Gestapo arrested many escaped Jews and non-Jewish Austrians who helped them. They also organized the expropriation of Jewish belongings by creating unique offices for this purpose. In March 1945, Karl Ebner reported to Himmler assets of one billion Reichsmarks for the Nazi State (201). Challenging previous scholarly assumptions about Nazi society, the authors emphasize that the Vienna Gestapo did not depend on denunciations for their fight against “enemies,” except for public protest and so-called radio and economic crimes during the war. Illustrated by short case studies, the authors describe Gestapo actions against Catholicism in Austria, including the seizure of property and writings; the persecution of Freemasons; and the even harsher crackdown on Jehovah’s Witnesses. With the help of a huge system of turncoat informants from the resistance milieu, often produced by centrally legalized torture, the Gestapo dismantled resistance groups of all political colors. The repression of communist resistance could be called their greatest success, according to the authors. In 1943/44, after most organized resistance was squashed, 77 percent of all Gestapo arrests targeted foreign forced laborers and Soviet POWs, whose resistance is still under-researched. As in Germany, Austrian perpetrators rarely received severe punishments after the war. Although many went to trial, they often got away with short sentences—not for their actual crimes but for being illegal Nazi Party members before the annexation. When the Gestapo head Huber claimed that he had helped Jews, the allies released him with a small fine and one year of probation. Supposedly, he had executed his tasks “as fairly and reasonable as possible” and was not a supporter of Nazi ideology (106). Some officers received more severe prison sentences but were released early. Overall, the book provides an overview of the establishment, activities, and aftermath of this largest regional Gestapo office, and it contains a useful bibliography. Unfortunately, excessive subtitles and the repetition of facts hinder the flow of the text. Comparisons with available German Gestapo studies, for example on Düsseldorf, could have helped this work, which often provides more description than analysis. There are some mistakes, such as the suggestion that the Reich Security Main Office existed during the time of the annexation, though it was founded only in September 1939 (63). At times, available literature on Austria could have prevented errors, such as the assertion that since summer 1939 Jews were recruited for minimal paid force","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"262 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44252110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1017/s0067237823000231
M. Stibbe
{"title":"Holger Afflerbach. On a Knife Edge: How Germany Lost the First World War Translated by Anne Buckley and Caroline Summers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. Pp. xiii + 557.","authors":"M. Stibbe","doi":"10.1017/s0067237823000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237823000231","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"252 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42888417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1017/s0067237823000164
P. Becker
{"title":"Karl-Peter Krauss. Mord an der Donau: Leopold von Márffy und die deutschen Untertanen in Tscheb (1802–1812), Eine Mikrogeschichte der Gewalt. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2018. Pp. 306.","authors":"P. Becker","doi":"10.1017/s0067237823000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237823000164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"222 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48765255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1017/S0067237823000280
P. Zając
{"title":"Larry Wolff. Disunion within the Union: The Uniate Church and the Partitions of Poland Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020. Pp. 160.","authors":"P. Zając","doi":"10.1017/S0067237823000280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0067237823000280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"219 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46083723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1017/s0067237823000073
R. D. Billinger
publications
出版物
{"title":"Barbora Pásztorová. Metternich, the German Question and the Pursuit of Peace, 1840–1848 Berlin: DeGruyter, 2022. Pp. 340.","authors":"R. D. Billinger","doi":"10.1017/s0067237823000073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237823000073","url":null,"abstract":"publications","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"226 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46468266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1017/s0067237823000334
Ernest Gyidel
{"title":"Paweł Markiewicz. Unlikely Allies: Nazi German and Ukrainian Nationalist Collaboration in the General Government During World War II West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2021. Pp. 366.","authors":"Ernest Gyidel","doi":"10.1017/s0067237823000334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237823000334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"264 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43144282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1017/s006723782300022x
G. Kranjc
{"title":"Alfred J. Rieber Storms over the Balkans During the Second World War Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. Pp. 281.","authors":"G. Kranjc","doi":"10.1017/s006723782300022x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s006723782300022x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"269 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1017/s0067237823000358
W. Gruner
{"title":"Elisabeth Boeckl-Klamper, Thomas Mang, and Wolfgang Neugebauer. The Vienna Gestapo, 1938–1945: Crimes, Perpetrators, Victims Translated by John Nicholson and Nick Somers. New York: Berghahn, 2022. Pp. 407.","authors":"W. Gruner","doi":"10.1017/s0067237823000358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237823000358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"261 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42135277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1017/S0067237823000218
Andrei Zavadski
Stephan Jaeger ’ s book is an important contribution to the extant knowledge on museal representations of World War II (WWII) and, more broadly, to museum studies, memory studies, and public history. Consisting of nine chapters, a prologue
Stephan Jaeger的书对现存的关于第二次世界大战博物馆再现的知识做出了重要贡献，更广泛地说，对博物馆研究、记忆研究和公共历史都做出了重要贡献。由九个章节组成，一个序言
{"title":"Stephan Jaeger. The Second World War in the Twenty-First-Century Museum: From Narrative, Memory, and Experience to Experientiality Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020. Pp. xiv + 354.","authors":"Andrei Zavadski","doi":"10.1017/S0067237823000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0067237823000218","url":null,"abstract":"Stephan Jaeger ’ s book is an important contribution to the extant knowledge on museal representations of World War II (WWII) and, more broadly, to museum studies, memory studies, and public history. Consisting of nine chapters, a prologue","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"271 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46766491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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