Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2017.1300206
Martin Davis, A. Kent
The collapse of the Soviet Union has seen the emergence of its unprecedentedly comprehensive global military mapping programme and the commercial availability of a vast number of detailed topographic maps and city plans at several scales. Many libraries and archives around the world are discovering and acquiring these maps and plans, developing vast potential to provide researchers in a variety of fields with a wealth of previously inaccessible topographic data. However, significant differences exist in the cataloguing, classification, translation and transliteration between and within the major collections, potentially limiting access to this important new resource. This paper presents a survey of how Soviet military city plans are described in the catalogues of forty libraries and highlights these inconsistencies. It proposes a method for their description that is based on an identification of key sheet characteristics, with a view to facilitating the cataloguing of new acquisitions and improving access to these important sources for current and future users.
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Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2016.1249446
Linda R. Zellmer
Librarians who work with maps and other forms of spatial information are often asked for information about the location of a place. These questions can range from the location of a village or farm where an ancestor lived to more cryptic questions, such as the location of the Garden of Eden based on its Biblical description. Most librarians will attempt to answer locational questions by directing users to resources such as gazetteers, atlases, maps, and plat books. However, the locations of archaeological sites and caves are protected by federal and state laws. This article provides a summary of federal and state laws protecting archaeological sites and caves, the reasons for the laws, issues to consider when asked for locations of archaeological sites and caves, and additionally, suggests a policy for dealing with users requesting information about archaeological sites and caves.
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Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2017.1335264
The three issues published in 2016 of the Journal of Map & Geography Libraries hold a wealth of thought-provoking and valuable information. As we do each year, we have the challenge to select one article that stands out above the others and is named our Best Paper. It gives the editors of the Journal of Map & Geography Libraries great pleasure to announce that the article, “Putting the World in Its ‘Proper Colour’: Exploring Hand-Coloring in Early Modern Maps,” by Stephanie Elizabeth Stillo has been chosen for the Best Paper Award for volume 12. As Stillo explains in her abstract, “This article explores the utility of X-Ray Florescence (XRF) in identifying pigments used in early modern hand-colored prints. Published accounts of the use of XRF on hand-colored documents are rare. As a consequence, historians and conservators know little about the pigments used in hand-colored prints, information that is not only vital for the preservation of extant colored documents, but also essential for helping historians periodize hand-coloring and assess its usage.” This study compared early modern coloring manuals with XRF analysis of printed and hand-colored cartographic compilations from Amsterdam and London. “The combination of textual and technological analysis resulted in a more nuanced understanding of the materials used in hand-coloring prints in early modern Europe. The study also exposed surprising actors in the history of the analyzed documents, highlighting the exciting potential of XRF to verify the historical authenticity of hand-coloring.” One of the strengths of this article is the human side. It combines the scientific inquiry into types of pigments used in the hand-coloring process, what they are made of, and even “cataloging” them based on colors generated with the role that women played in this enterprise and industry. “Putting the World in Its ‘Proper Colour’ ... describes how X-Ray Flourescence (XRF) can help librarians and archivists address the questions of provenance and authorship of hand-colored maps. It also illustrates [the] potential of collaborations between the STEM fields and the humanities.” By using two historical atlases as examples for testing purposes, Stillo details the use of a newer form of spectrometry to detail the elements involved for different pigment types that has little information about this process in the literature. Further, she delves into the social aspects such as how hand-coloring became a broader “hobby” over time as much as a special niche in the cartographic world. This paper fills a void in the literature about hand-coloring as a cartographic technique.
2016年出版的三期《地图与地理图书馆杂志》包含了丰富的发人深省和有价值的信息。正如我们每年所做的那样，我们面临着选择一篇脱颖而出并被评为最佳论文的挑战。《地图与地理图书馆杂志》的编辑们非常高兴地宣布，Stephanie Elizabeth Stillo的文章《让世界呈现‘正确的颜色’：探索早期现代地图中的手绘》被选为第12卷最佳论文奖。正如Stillo在她的摘要中所解释的那样，“本文探讨了X射线荧光（XRF）的实用性用于识别早期现代手绘版画中使用的颜料。关于在手绘文档上使用XRF的公开报道很少。因此，历史学家和保护学家对手绘版画中使用的颜料知之甚少，这些信息不仅对保存现存的彩色文献至关重要，而且对帮助历史学家分期手绘并评估其使用情况也至关重要。”这项研究将早期现代着色手册与阿姆斯特丹和伦敦印刷和手绘地图汇编的XRF分析进行了比较。“文本分析和技术分析相结合，使人们对现代欧洲早期手绘版画中使用的材料有了更细致的理解。这项研究还揭示了被分析文件历史上令人惊讶的参与者，突出了XRF在验证手绘历史真实性方面的令人兴奋的潜力。“这篇文章的优点之一是人性化的一面。它结合了对手工着色过程中使用的颜料类型、它们是由什么制成的科学研究，甚至根据女性在这一企业和行业中所扮演的角色产生的颜色对它们进行“编目”。“将世界置于‘合适的颜色’……描述了X射线荧光（XRF）如何帮助图书馆员和档案管理员解决手绘地图的来源和作者问题。它还说明了STEM领域和人文学科之间合作的潜力。”通过使用两个历史地图集作为测试目的的例子，Stillo详细介绍了使用一种新形式的光谱法来详细说明不同颜料类型所涉及的元素，而文献中几乎没有关于这一过程的信息。此外，她还深入研究了社会方面的问题，比如手绘是如何随着时间的推移成为一种更广泛的“爱好”，同时也是制图界的一个特殊领域。本文填补了有关手绘作为一种制图技术的文献空白。
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Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2016.1277574
T. Ganor
A traditional library catalog does not do justice to maps and aerial photographs. Text can never fully describe them and maps' and aerial photographs' geographic coverage or perimeters cannot be displayed visually in the online public access catalog (OPAC), so searching based on their textual metadata without specific spatial reference data used also for display purposes is often not enough to locate relevant items. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem's (HUJI) Geography Department has developed a spatial search engine for their scanned aerial photographs collection that allows users to locate one or more aerial photographs according to the area of the Earth's surface that was photographed and their accompanying metadata. The Humanities and Social Sciences Library, which holds a large unscanned print map collection, has asked to integrate a similar map search mechanism in the Department's existing search engine, and a new website was launched in December 2015 (http://ccg.huji.ac.il/aerialphotos/) showing the aerial photographs' center points alongside the maps' rectangle perimeter. The search engine retrieves maps and aerial photographs that intersect with a user-drawn rectangle. This article discusses the characteristics of these collections, the rationale behind searching for maps and aerial photographs together, and the process of defining and building this spatial search engine. This method allows users to view which items are available in their area of interest side-by-side, on a Google Maps background map.
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Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2017.1340702
Paige G. Andrew, Katherine H. Weimer
Many of our readers will be aware of efforts to “save” data. Data rescue events have cropped up at libraries across the US and Canada. Through these events, libraries are working to actively store federal data. These events also serve to create awareness of the fragile nature of data, and the roles that libraries have to obtain, organize, and preserve data of all types. Numerous collaborations have been created that seek near term and long term solutions, among them, Data Refuge1, Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe (LOCKSS)2, Preservation of Electronic Government information (PEGI)3, and Libraries + Network4. We encourage our readers to learn more, reach out to these and other like-minded groups, and to work together toward long term data preservation solutions. While the current issue isn’t about data rescue efforts directly, it is about continuing to grow scholarship centered on geospatial data and information. Issue two contains a range of diverse geospatial topics and from a wide range of locations as well. These international perspectives are among the strengths of the Journal of Map & Geography Libraries. Another strength is in the diversity of research that is presented, in this case from working with access to aerial photograph collections to descriptive cataloging to learning ways in which to help protect sensitive natural and cultural sites in our daily work. In Protected Places: A Survey of Laws on Archaeological Site and Cave Location Confidentiality and Their Potential Impact on Library Reference Policies and Services, Linda Zellmer shares her experiences with this littlediscussed but ethically driven aspect to map librarianship. This detailed article includes information about a range of federal and state laws in the United States pertaining to locations of natural and civilization resources and archaeological sites of historical and research value. Zellmer provides a set of recommendations for library staff that assist researchers who seek information about these special locations. This compilation of the legal history and present laws in this regard and their implications in a library setting may be the first of its kind. We hope that this research stimulates thought and action across the library community to everyone’s benefit. Another intriguing article in this issue is from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel, focusing on discovery and access to aerial photographs. Tamar Ganor’s An Integrated Spatial Search Engine for Maps and Aerial Photographs on a Google Maps API Platform provides details into a unique spatial search application. This article also highlights a partnership between
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Paige G. Andrew, Katherine H. Weimer","doi":"10.1080/15420353.2017.1340702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2017.1340702","url":null,"abstract":"Many of our readers will be aware of efforts to “save” data. Data rescue events have cropped up at libraries across the US and Canada. Through these events, libraries are working to actively store federal data. These events also serve to create awareness of the fragile nature of data, and the roles that libraries have to obtain, organize, and preserve data of all types. Numerous collaborations have been created that seek near term and long term solutions, among them, Data Refuge1, Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe (LOCKSS)2, Preservation of Electronic Government information (PEGI)3, and Libraries + Network4. We encourage our readers to learn more, reach out to these and other like-minded groups, and to work together toward long term data preservation solutions. While the current issue isn’t about data rescue efforts directly, it is about continuing to grow scholarship centered on geospatial data and information. Issue two contains a range of diverse geospatial topics and from a wide range of locations as well. These international perspectives are among the strengths of the Journal of Map & Geography Libraries. Another strength is in the diversity of research that is presented, in this case from working with access to aerial photograph collections to descriptive cataloging to learning ways in which to help protect sensitive natural and cultural sites in our daily work. In Protected Places: A Survey of Laws on Archaeological Site and Cave Location Confidentiality and Their Potential Impact on Library Reference Policies and Services, Linda Zellmer shares her experiences with this littlediscussed but ethically driven aspect to map librarianship. This detailed article includes information about a range of federal and state laws in the United States pertaining to locations of natural and civilization resources and archaeological sites of historical and research value. Zellmer provides a set of recommendations for library staff that assist researchers who seek information about these special locations. This compilation of the legal history and present laws in this regard and their implications in a library setting may be the first of its kind. We hope that this research stimulates thought and action across the library community to everyone’s benefit. Another intriguing article in this issue is from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel, focusing on discovery and access to aerial photographs. Tamar Ganor’s An Integrated Spatial Search Engine for Maps and Aerial Photographs on a Google Maps API Platform provides details into a unique spatial search application. This article also highlights a partnership between","PeriodicalId":54009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Map & Geography Libraries","volume":"13 1","pages":"145 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15420353.2017.1340702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44596800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01Epub Date: 2016-11-11DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2617-0
Sisi Zhang, Shunjiao Lu, Shuangshuang Yi, Hongji Han, Lei Liu, Jiaqi Zhang, Manzhu Bao, Guofeng Liu
Main conclusion: Five SEP -like genes were cloned and identified from Platanus acerifolia through the analysis of expression profiles, protein-protein interaction patterns, and transgenic phenotypes, which suggested that they play conservative and diverse functions in floral initiation and development, fruit development, bud growth, and dormancy. SEPALLATA (SEP) genes have been well characterized in core eudicots and some monocots, and they play important and diverse roles in plant development, including flower meristem initiation, floral organ identity, and fruit development and ripening. However, the knowledge on the function and evolution of SEP-like genes in basal eudicot species is very limited. Here, we cloned and identified five SEP-like genes from London plane (Platanus acerifolia), a basal eudicot tree that is widely used for landscaping in cities. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that three genes (PlacSEP1.1, PlacSEP1.2, and PlacSEP1.3) belong to the SEP1/2/4 clade, while the other two genes (PlacSEP3.1 and PlacSEP3.2) are grouped into the SEP3 clade. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that all PlacSEPs, except PlacSEP1.1 and PlacSEP1.2, were expressed during the male and female inflorescence initiation, and throughout the flower and fruit development process. PlacSEP1.2 gene expression was only detected clearly in female inflorescence at April. PlacSEP1.3 and PlacSEP3.1 were also expressed, although relatively weak, in vegetative buds of adult trees. No evident PlacSEPs transcripts were detected in various organs of juvenile trees. Overexpression of PlacSEPs in Arabidopsis and tobacco plants resulted in different phenotypic alterations. 35S:PlacSEP1.1, 35S:PlacSEP1.3, and 35S:PlacSEP3.2 transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed evident early flowering, with less rosette leaves but more cauline leaves, while 35S:PlacSEP1.2 and PlacSEP3.1 transgenic plants showed no visible phenotypic changes. 35S:PlacSEP1.1 and 35S:PlacSEP3.2 transgenic Arabidopsis plants also produced smaller and curled leaves. Overexpression of PlacSEP1.1 and PlacSEP3.1 in tobacco resulted in the early flowering and producing more lateral branches. Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicated that PlacSEPs proteins can form homo- or hetero-dimers with the Platanus APETALA1 (AP1)/FRUITFULL (FUL), B-, C-, and D-class MADS-box proteins in different interacting patterns and intensities. Our results suggest that the five PlacSEP genes may play important and divergent roles during floral initiation and development, as well as fruit development, by collaborating with FUL, B-, C-, and D-class MADS-box genes in London plane; PlacSEP1.3 and PlacSEP3.1 genes might also involve in vegetative bud growth and dormancy. The results provide valuable data for us to understand the functional evolution of SEP-like genes in basal eudicot species.
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Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2017.1307306
Pierre-Henri Paris, N. Abadie, Carmen Brando
In our work, we are interested in facilitating the exploration by scholars of the geography of texts: in particular, historical narrative texts describing routes. Semantic annotation constitutes the first step to enrich such text with the necessary information for producing analytical maps. The present article focuses on the disambiguation of spatial named entities (SNE) by the attribution of an identifier of the ever-growing Web of Data. This giant knowledge base (KB) provides qualitative spatial information about geographic entities, in particular spatial relations such as (:Paris :southOf :Lille), (:Paris :country :France). We thus propose a graph-matching algorithm relying on the A* algorithm and graph-edit distances for choosing the best referent in the KB for the SNE. We performed preliminary experiments and noted the clear gain in performance. We propose some examples of maps that are built semi-automatically. Finally, we draw conclusions and describe our plans of future work.
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Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2017.1307303
Rainer Simon, Elton T. E. Barker, L. Isaksen, Pau De Soto CaÑamares
Recogito 2 is an open source annotation tool currently under development by Pelagios, an international initiative aimed at facilitating better linkages between online resources documenting the past. With Recogito 2, we aim to provide an environment for efficient semantic annotation—i.e., the task of enriching content with references to controlled vocabularies—in order to facilitate links between online data. At the same time, we address a perceived gap in the performance of existing tools, by emphasizing the development of mechanisms for manual intervention and editorial control that support the curation of quality data. While Recogito 2 provides an online workspace for general-purpose document annotation, it is particularly well-suited for geo-annotation, in other words annotating documents with references to gazetteers, and supports the annotation of both texts and images (i.e., digitized maps). Already available for testing at http://recogito.pelagios.org, its formal release to the public occurred in December 2016.
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Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2017.1308291
M. McGee, K. Durante, Katherine H. Weimer
This article highlights an ongoing investigation into Linked Open Data (LOD) description models for cartographic resources. The Linked Data for Production (LD4P) project is a multi-institutional effort that is exploring the use of the Library of Congress’ Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) as a means to semantically annotate library metadata using LOD principles. The LD4P Cartographic Materials subproject is focusing both on evaluating the existing BIBFRAME ontology and extending it in order to enable the description of cartographic resources in LOD environments.
{"title":"Toward a Linked Data Model for Describing Cartographic Resources","authors":"M. McGee, K. Durante, Katherine H. Weimer","doi":"10.1080/15420353.2017.1308291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2017.1308291","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights an ongoing investigation into Linked Open Data (LOD) description models for cartographic resources. The Linked Data for Production (LD4P) project is a multi-institutional effort that is exploring the use of the Library of Congress’ Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) as a means to semantically annotate library metadata using LOD principles. The LD4P Cartographic Materials subproject is focusing both on evaluating the existing BIBFRAME ontology and extending it in order to enable the description of cartographic resources in LOD environments.","PeriodicalId":54009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Map & Geography Libraries","volume":"13 1","pages":"133 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15420353.2017.1308291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42157778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2017.1307307
Carmen Brando, Francesca Frontini
This issue of the Journal of Map & Geography Libraries presents extended contributions from the workshop “A Place for Places: Current Trends and Challenges in the Development and Use of Geo-historical Gazetteers,” held on July 11, 2016 in Kraków, Poland in conjunction with the Digital Humanities conference (DH2016). The workshop—endorsed by the GeoHumanities Special Interest Group (SIG) of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations—was dedicated to an area of research that lies at the crossroads between geographic information science, corpus linguistics, natural language processing, and the semantic Web. It is undeniable that, in recent years many humanistic disciplines, such as History and Literary Studies, have undergone the effects of what has been termed a “digital turn,” and that this has led, among other things, to an increase in the application of quantitative approaches that strongly rely on natural language processing and corpus linguistics techniques for geographic information extraction and aggregation. Consequently, a plethora of projects has seen the light in recent years in which novel methods for analyzing and visualizing spatial-temporal phenomena described in documents from the past have been developed and put to use. Such methods depend heavily on algorithms for the automatic annotation of texts, such as Named Entity taggers and linkers, which have necessitated in turn the provision of reliable, domain-adapted sources of information. Understandably, then, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the creation and use of semantic historical gazetteers, namely geographical data sets exposed as linked data describing places in their historical dimension. An exemplary project in this genre is the Pleiades gazetteer of the ancient world1 (Elliott and Gillies 2009). Built initially from cartographic resources describing the past, such as the Barrington Atlas, it has evolved into a digital semantic resource that is constantly being enlarged through the efforts of the community, and that has become in turn the basis of many other projects. Other noteworthy efforts include PastPlace2 (Southall, Mostern, and Berman 2011; Southall, von Luenen, and Aucott 2009) and the China Historical GIS.3
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