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A Method for Creating Scanned Map Metadata for Geoportals, Library Catalogs, and Digital Repositories: Reworking Existing MARC Records of Paper Maps to Create New Records for their Scanned Counterparts 为地理门户、图书馆目录和数字存储库创建扫描地图元数据的方法:对纸质地图的现有MARC记录进行重加工,以创建扫描对应的新记录
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2019.1640166
Timothy M. Kiser, N. Smeltekop
This paper describes our process for creating metadata for digitized (scanned) maps, using the Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) records of the scanned maps’ original paper counterparts as a starting point. Initially prompted by the need for metadata suitable for a consortial geoportal, we created new MARC records by applying a variety of programmatic edits using the software MarcEdit, as well as various manual edits as needed. These MARC records, in addition to supplying discrete records for the scans to our local catalog and WorldCat, served as the starting point for conversions to other metadata formats suitable for use in multiple discovery platforms, including the geoportal, our local digital repository, and the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA). The paper is therefore focused primarily on the MARC-to-MARC conversions – from descriptions of paper maps to descriptions of their scanned counterparts – that represent the first step of the conversions that followed.
本文描述了我们为数字化(扫描)地图创建元数据的过程,使用扫描地图的原始纸质副本的机器可读编目(MARC)记录作为起点。最初,由于需要适合联合地理门户的元数据,我们通过使用MarcEdit软件应用各种程序化编辑以及根据需要进行各种手动编辑来创建新的MARC记录。这些MARC记录,除了为我们的本地目录和WorldCat提供扫描的离散记录外,还作为转换到适合在多个发现平台中使用的其他元数据格式的起点,包括地理门户、我们的本地数字存储库和美国数字公共图书馆(DPLA)。因此,本文主要关注MARC-to-MARC转换——从对纸质地图的描述到对扫描地图的描述——这是随后转换的第一步。
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引用次数: 3
Towards a New Paradigm in Map and Spatial Information Librarianship 走向地图与空间信息图书馆学的新范式
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2019.1662673
Marcy Bidney, N. Piekielek
In this editorial, we continue our conversation with readers about the value of map and geography libraries with a focus on the past and likely future trends that have and will continue to define our profession. In doing so, we identified three paradigm shifts that have occurred in map and spatial information librarianship over the last 25 years. Each shift was precipitated by a desire to stay relevant in the areas of collecting, providing access to, and using spatial information in a changing world. The third paradigm shift described below is ongoing as academic libraries in general and map and geography libraries specifically continue to evolve. As is typical of transitions of many kinds, variation in how the third paradigm shift is being perceived and applied at different institutions is substantial; meaning that there is an opportunity for us to share with one another what we are doing, what is working, and, perhaps more importantly, what is not working. The formal and informal conversations that ensue will help to shape the future of our profession. The Oxford English Dictionary defines paradigm as: “A conceptual or methodological model underlying the theories and practices of a science or discipline at a particular time; (hence) a generally accepted world view.” If we look back, we can see that during the past 25 years we can mark three major paradigm shifts in map librarianship. The first shift coincided with the arrival of decennial United States census data on CD-ROM, and a digital revolution in map libraries followed. The distribution of census data in a machine-readable format meant that libraries needed to have the machines to read the information. Libraries responded by installing public access computers in their spaces, a signal that how we accessed and used geographic information had changed forever. The next shift came with the introduction of another new format—digitized images of print
在这篇社论中,我们继续与读者讨论地图和地理图书馆的价值,重点关注过去和未来可能的趋势,这些趋势已经并将继续定义我们的职业。在这样做的过程中,我们确定了在过去25年中地图和空间信息图书馆工作发生的三个范式转变。在不断变化的世界中,人们希望在收集、提供获取和使用空间信息的领域保持相关性,从而促成了每一次转变。下文所述的第三个范式转变正在进行,因为一般的学术图书馆以及地图和地理图书馆都在不断发展。正如许多类型转变的典型情况一样,不同机构对第三范式转变的感知和应用方式存在很大差异;这意味着我们有机会相互分享我们正在做的事情,有效的事情,也许更重要的是,无效的事情。随后的正式和非正式对话将有助于塑造我们职业的未来。《牛津英语词典》将范式定义为:“在特定时间,一门科学或学科的理论和实践背后的概念或方法模型;(因此)一种普遍接受的世界观。”如果我们回顾过去,我们可以看到,在过去的25年里,我们可以标志着地图图书馆学的三大范式转变。第一次转变恰逢十年一次的美国人口普查数据以CD-ROM形式出现,随之而来的是地图库的数字革命。以机器可读格式分发人口普查数据意味着图书馆需要有机器来读取信息。作为回应,图书馆在其空间内安装了公共访问计算机,这表明我们访问和使用地理信息的方式已经永远改变了。下一个转变是引入了另一种新格式——印刷品的数字化图像
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引用次数: 8
FOSS4G 2018 Conference Highlights FOSS4G 2018会议亮点
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2018.1628500
Theresa Quill, Mireille Djenno
The Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial (FOSS4G) conference took place in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in August 2018. The theme of “Leave No One Behind” centered the conference on issues of diversity and inclusion, and included a wide range of presentations. This article presents a review of FOSS4G2018 from the perspectives of a GIS Librarian and an African Studies Librarian.
2018年8月,在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆举行了自由和开放源码地理空间软件(FOS4G)会议。会议以“不让任何人掉队”为主题,集中讨论多样性和包容性问题,并包括广泛的演讲。本文从地理信息系统馆员和非洲研究馆员的角度对FOS4G2018进行了综述。
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引用次数: 1
Coordination with the Help of Geographical Coordinates: g-Governance in India 借助地理坐标进行协调:印度的g-Governance
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2019.1623149
D. Giribabu, S. S. Rao, Chintala Sudhakar Reddy, P. Rao
Geospatial technologies have evolved as a science for location-based problem solving at varying scales – from local, regional, national and even global levels. Location intelligence is the core strength of geospatial technology and enables efficient public administration and ensures proper delivery of government services. Technical advancements in geospatial technology enabled new modes of government services through the g-governance toolkit. At the heart of this articulation lies the conceptualization of g-Governance as a geospatial plug-in for e-Governance. Emphasis has been given on harnessing geospatial technology for enabling governments to do the public services by exhibiting high-quality and cost-effective operations, delivery of services, citizen engagement, bringing transparency, and accountability in the public administration process. The need of g-Governance in various service verticals was analyzed and compiled in this article.
地理空间技术已经发展成为一门科学,用于在不同的尺度上——从地方、区域、国家甚至全球层面——解决基于位置的问题。位置情报是地理空间科技的核心优势,有助提高公共行政的效率,并确保政府提供适当的服务。地理空间技术的技术进步通过g-governance工具包实现了新的政府服务模式。这种表述的核心是将g-Governance概念化为电子治理的地理空间插件。重点是利用地理空间技术,通过展示高质量和具有成本效益的业务、提供服务、公民参与、在公共行政过程中带来透明度和问责制,使政府能够提供公共服务。本文分析和编译了各种垂直服务中g-Governance的需求。
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引用次数: 3
Best Paper of the Year Award for Volume 13 第13卷获年度最佳论文奖
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2018.1468846
Katherine W. Hart, Paige G. Andrew
The past editors are pleased to present last year's best paper award for Volume 13 of the Journal of Map & Geography Libraries to Ms. Tamar Ganor for her article “An Integrated Spatial Search Engine for Maps and Aerial Photographs on a Google Maps API Platform.” The article was published in the second issue. This article presents a unique approach to collection discovery through a spatial search engine that accommodates the unique spatial metadata components found in maps and aerial photographs. Ganor outlines the problems associated with attempting a single search of both maps and aerial photos based on these variations, and then describes the concepts and technologies to support this alternate approach. This article is a clearly written overview with a timeline of processes. It also provides specific details about the HuFind platform and its outcomes. It is supported with helpful illustrations and meaningful background research and references. Ganor states, “[t]his article presents the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's (HUJI) map and aerial photograph collections and the spatial search engine that was developed in order to provide users with a tool to conduct preliminary independent research, enable access to material that is stored in closed stacks, and introduce complementary cartographic collections side-by-side. The rationale for displaying both material types together is discussed and the process of devising such a search engine is portrayed. This article also presents other spatial search engines that address these issues in different ways, as well as future prospects for the HUJI platform.” The additional unique aspect of this research, beyond that it successfully integrates spatial search outcomes between and across two cartographic formats, is that it encompasses the country of Israel. The Best Paper Award Committee believes that Ganor’s concept, technical approach, and presentation of research will offer valuable new insights and will enable and inspire others with geospatial data platforms to learn from the processes that she has described. In addition, Ganor’s work serves as a positive example of collaboration between different
前几任编辑很高兴将去年《地图与地理图书馆杂志》第13卷的最佳论文奖颁给Tamar Ganor女士,表彰她的文章《基于b谷歌地图API平台的地图和航空照片集成空间搜索引擎》。这篇文章发表在第二期。本文介绍了一种通过空间搜索引擎进行集合发现的独特方法,该引擎可容纳在地图和航空照片中发现的独特空间元数据组件。Ganor概述了尝试基于这些变化对地图和航空照片进行单一搜索的相关问题,然后描述了支持这种替代方法的概念和技术。这篇文章是一个清晰的概述,包含了流程的时间轴。它还提供了关于HuFind平台及其结果的具体细节。它是支持有用的插图和有意义的背景研究和参考资料。Ganor说:“他的文章介绍了耶路撒冷希伯来大学(HUJI)的地图和航空摄影集,以及空间搜索引擎,这是为了给用户提供一种工具来进行初步的独立研究,使人们能够访问存储在封闭堆栈中的材料,并并排介绍互补的地图收藏。讨论了同时显示两种材料类型的基本原理,并描述了设计这样一个搜索引擎的过程。本文还介绍了其他以不同方式解决这些问题的空间搜索引擎,以及HUJI平台的未来前景。这项研究的另一个独特之处在于,它成功地整合了两种地图格式之间和之间的空间搜索结果,它涵盖了以色列这个国家。最佳论文奖委员会认为,Ganor的概念、技术方法和研究展示将提供有价值的新见解,并将使和激励其他地理空间数据平台从她所描述的过程中学习。此外,Ganor的工作是不同文化之间合作的积极范例
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引用次数: 0
From Archive, to Access, to Experience––Historical Documents as a Basis for Immersive Experiences 从档案,到访问,到体验——历史文献作为沉浸式体验的基础
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2018.1498427
Jiawei Huang, M. Bagher, Heather Dohn Ross, N. Piekielek, J. O. Wallgrün, Jiayan Zhao, A. Klippel
Libraries have been the key to preserving culture and historic legacy for centuries. One such treasure cataloged in The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) Libraries is a collection of over 33,000 Sanborn™ Fire Insurance Maps. Originally kept safe in metal drawers, the library has embarked on a journey to digitize this abundance of information, combine it with other media such as photographs, and make it accessible through a web interface. Inspired by these efforts, we accessed this information and took it to the next level. Using state of the art 3D modeling and immersive technologies, we created a historic 3D model and immersive experiences of Penn State, exemplarily for the 1922 campus. The resulting experiences can be accessed through the web but also through head mounted displays (HMDs) and mobile phones in combination with VR viewers such as the Google Cardboard. Additionally, they can be used anywhere in the world or on the campus itself as a way to enable remote and in situ experiences and learning. Immersive experiences let us connect to the past, the present and the future, and as such offer value to digital cultural heritage efforts.
几个世纪以来,图书馆一直是保护文化和历史遗产的关键。宾夕法尼亚州立大学(Penn State)图书馆收录了33,000多张Sanborn™火灾保险地图。图书馆最初被安全地保存在金属抽屉里,现在已经开始将这些丰富的信息数字化,将其与其他媒体(如照片)结合起来,并通过网络界面进行访问。在这些努力的鼓舞下,我们获取了这些信息,并将其提升到了一个新的水平。使用最先进的3D建模和沉浸式技术,我们创建了宾夕法尼亚州立大学的历史3D模型和沉浸式体验,例如1922年的校园。由此产生的体验可以通过网络访问,也可以通过头戴式显示器(hmd)和结合谷歌Cardboard等VR观看器的手机访问。此外,它们可以在世界任何地方或校园内使用,作为远程和现场体验和学习的一种方式。身临其境的体验让我们与过去、现在和未来联系起来,因此为数字文化遗产工作提供了价值。
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引用次数: 6
In Defense of the Map Library 为地图库辩护
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2018.1514856
Marcy Bidney, N. Piekielek
In recent years, the value of print map collections around the world has come into question resulting in the closure and consolidation of many map libraries and their collections (Keller 2001; Andrew and Weimer 2016). The justification for these closures is often that “print maps are no longer relevant in a digital world.” In this editorial, we (Marcy and Nathan) take this opportunity to introduce ourselves to the readership of the Taylor & Francis Journal of Map & Geography Libraries (hereafter “JMGL”), by outlining four major ways we feel that map libraries and the print cartographic collections that they preserve remain relevant and irreplaceable even in a digital world. There are likely other ways that map libraries and their collections remain relevant today and we invite you, the authors and readers of this journal, to contribute your own ideas and writing on the topic in future issues. In our view, there is a dearth of formal writing and scholarship in response to map library closures and if not in this journal, then where would one look for sound reasoning and justification to keep them open? The Oxford English Dictionary defines a map as a “drawing or other representation of the earth’s surface or a part of it made on a flat surface, showing the distribution of physical or geographic features (and often also including socio-economic, political, agricultural, meteorological, etc. information), with each point in the representation corresponding to an actual geographical position according to a fixed scale or projection; a similar representation of the positions of the stars in the sky, the surface of the planet, or the like.” For the purposes of this editorial, we refer to “maps” generically to also include the other print cartographic resources often housed in map libraries like atlases, globes, historic aerial photographs, and others. Print maps (and other print cartographic resources) are often the authoritative geographic and scientific documents of their time, accurately
近年来,世界各地印刷地图收藏的价值受到质疑,导致许多地图图书馆及其收藏的关闭和合并(Keller 2001;Andrew and Weimer 2016)。这些关闭的理由通常是“印刷地图在数字世界中不再相关”。在这篇社论中,我们(Marcy和Nathan)借此机会向《泰勒和弗朗西斯地图与地理图书馆杂志》(以下简称“JMGL”)的读者介绍我们自己,概述了我们认为地图图书馆及其保存的印刷地图馆藏即使在数字世界中仍然具有相关性和不可替代性的四种主要方式。可能还有其他方式使地图图书馆及其馆藏在今天保持相关性,我们邀请您,本杂志的作者和读者,在未来的问题中就这一主题提供您自己的想法和写作。在我们看来,关于地图图书馆关闭的回应缺乏正式的写作和学术研究,如果不在这本杂志上,那么人们将在哪里寻找合理的理由和理由来保持它们的开放?《牛津英语词典》对地图的定义是:“在平面上绘制地球表面或地球表面的一部分,显示物理或地理特征的分布(通常还包括社会经济、政治、农业、气象等信息),根据固定的比例尺或投影,图中的每个点对应一个实际的地理位置;恒星在天空中的位置、行星表面或类似物体的类似表现。”出于这篇社论的目的,我们一般指的“地图”也包括其他印刷地图资源,如地图册、地球仪、历史航空照片等。印刷地图(和其他印刷地图资源)通常是他们那个时代的权威地理和科学文献,准确无误
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引用次数: 7
Surveying Northeastern Pennsylvania: Contextualizing the Flower-Walker Collection at the Tioga Point Museum 调查宾夕法尼亚州东北部:Tioga Point博物馆的花行者系列的背景
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2018.1468847
John J. Swab, Todd M. Babcock
Local museums and historical societies often hold rare and unique cartographic resources that compliment larger map collections. A prime example of this is the Flower-Walker Collection at the Tioga Point Museum in Athens Pennsylvania. The museum holds a collection of over 800 hand-drawn, manuscript maps that depict in detail the development of Pennsylvania’s upper Susquehanna Valley from 1790 to 1940, a formative time period of land speculation and development in the United States’ history. The Flower-Walker collection is unique in that all maps in the collection come from a single family of surveyors who played a central role in documenting the settlement of the land. The Flower-Walker family’s rich tradition of surveying and commitment to preserving regional history, make this cartographic collection an exquisite case study of land speculation and development during the middle of the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries of U.S. history.
当地的博物馆和历史学会经常拥有稀有和独特的地图资源,以补充更多的地图收藏。宾夕法尼亚州雅典的泰奥加角博物馆(Tioga Point Museum)的Flower-Walker藏品就是一个典型的例子。该博物馆收藏了800多幅手绘、手稿地图,详细描绘了1790年至1940年宾夕法尼亚州萨斯奎哈纳河谷上游的发展,这是美国历史上土地投机和发展的形成时期。Flower-Walker系列的独特之处在于,该系列中的所有地图都来自一个测量师家族,他们在记录这片土地的定居过程中发挥了核心作用。弗劳-沃克家族丰富的测量传统和对保存地区历史的承诺,使这个地图收藏成为18至19世纪中期美国历史上土地投机和发展的精美案例研究。
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引用次数: 2
Spatial Discovery of Linked Research Datasets and Documents at a Spatially Enabled Research Library 链接研究数据集和文档的空间发现在一个空间启用的研究图书馆
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2018.1478923
Sara Lafia, W. Kuhn
Current publishing practices in academia tend to result in datasets that are difficult to discover. This is because datasets are not well-integrated across academic domains and they are often not linked to the documents that reference them. For these reasons, discovering datasets across domains can be challenging; for example, discovering archeological observations and biological specimens using the same search is not widely supported, even if both datasets share a similar spatial extent, like Mesoamerica. It is also challenging to retrieve relevant documents that reference datasets; for example, retrieving a series of field reports that reference archeological observations is typically not supported. Our work develops an extensible method for: (1) geographically integrating collections across disciplinary repositories and (2) connecting datasets to related documents. We describe a collection of spatially-referenced researcher datasets, capturing their metadata elements and encoding them as linked open data. We then leverage existing library services to formalize links from datasets to documents. The system described in this work has been deployed, resulting in an experimental open data site for the UCSB campus. Results indicate that this system can be scaled-up with support from an institutional repository in the near future.
目前学术界的出版实践往往导致数据集难以发现。这是因为数据集没有很好地跨学术领域集成,而且它们通常没有与引用它们的文档链接。由于这些原因,跨域发现数据集可能具有挑战性;例如,使用相同的搜索来发现考古观测和生物标本并没有得到广泛支持,即使这两个数据集的空间范围相似,比如中美洲。检索引用数据集的相关文档也是一项挑战;例如,通常不支持检索一系列参考考古观测的现场报告。我们的工作开发了一种可扩展的方法,用于:(1)跨学科存储库在地理上集成集合;(2)将数据集连接到相关文档。我们描述了一组空间参考的研究人员数据集,捕捉它们的元数据元素,并将它们编码为链接的开放数据。然后,我们利用现有的库服务来形式化从数据集到文档的链接。这项工作中描述的系统已经部署,为加州大学旧金山分校校园创建了一个实验性的开放数据站点。结果表明,在不久的将来,该系统可以在机构储存库的支持下扩大规模。
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引用次数: 4
Who Me, a Journal Editor? A Ten Year Journey 我是谁,期刊编辑?十年之旅
IF 0.6 Q4 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/15420353.2017.1416852
Katherine H. Weimer
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Map & Geography Libraries
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