This paper makes a theoretical analysis of farmers' income and career choice under the two modes of traditional and cooperative management, demonstrates the "direct effect" and "indirect effect" of cooperative operation on farmers' income, and puts forward three influence mechanisms: (1) cooperative operation improves traditional agricultural operation through institutional advantages, making agricultural economy obtain Pareto improved income by operational efficiency; (2) cooperative operation can adjust the imbalance between supply and demand of skilled labor between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, which makes agricultural economy obtain Pareto improvement income by optimizing the use of labor elements; (3) cooperative operation reduces the skill leverage of non-agricultural employment of labor force under the traditional agricultural management model by providing more career choices for labor force, and promotes the equal distribution of farmers' income. On this basis, this paper apply the 1995-2018 National Household Survey Data, using the continuous DID model to verify the mechanism of cooperative operation on farmers' income.
{"title":"Analysis on the Income Effect of Farmers’ Cooperative Management: Based on the Chinese Practice","authors":"Wen Hua","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n12p103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n12p103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper makes a theoretical analysis of farmers' income and career choice under the two modes of traditional and cooperative management, demonstrates the \"direct effect\" and \"indirect effect\" of cooperative operation on farmers' income, and puts forward three influence mechanisms: (1) cooperative operation improves traditional agricultural operation through institutional advantages, making agricultural economy obtain Pareto improved income by operational efficiency; (2) cooperative operation can adjust the imbalance between supply and demand of skilled labor between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, which makes agricultural economy obtain Pareto improvement income by optimizing the use of labor elements; (3) cooperative operation reduces the skill leverage of non-agricultural employment of labor force under the traditional agricultural management model by providing more career choices for labor force, and promotes the equal distribution of farmers' income. On this basis, this paper apply the 1995-2018 National Household Survey Data, using the continuous DID model to verify the mechanism of cooperative operation on farmers' income.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"11 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78418560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The old research revealed that job attitudes were not correlated by a knowledge sharing behavior. This research develops to investigate the role organizational learning culture in context relations forming knowledge sharing behavior. Using a survey, 100 person graduates from Work Training Center involved as a respondent in this project from periods 2019 to 2020. This research was conducted with a quantitative method’s include variables job attitude, OCB, organizational learning culture, and knowledge sharing behavior. The data were measured by likert scale from 1 to 5 and collected by using a questionnaire measure. Research model develops with job attitudes as an independent variable, OCB as a mediation variable, organizational learning culture as a moderator variable and knowledge sharing behavior as a dependent variable was supported by SmartPLS3. The output investigation reveals that job attitude is a significantly factor linked to knowledge sharing behavior, and also correlated to organizational citizenship behavior. The other situation create that organizational citizenship behavior was not a significant variable on knowledge sharing behavior, and also OCB was not a mediation variable for knowledge sharing behavior. The exploration discloses that organizational learning culture has a moderate significant weather OCB towards knowledge sharing behavior or job attitude towards OCB, but insignificant for job attitudes on knowledge sharing behavior. Study concluded that job attitude has a significant outcome on OCB and knowledge sharing behavior. Organizational learning culture provides a strengthening of the association between job attitudes towards OCB and the association between OCB and knowledge sharing behavior. The study gives a new contribution that job attitudes affect both on OCB and on knowledge sharing behavior and organizational learning culture moderate job attitudes on OCB and OCB on knowledge sharing behavior, but not moderate job attitudes on knowledge sharing behavior. This study has limitations on several indicators of OCB and organizational learning culture while there are still other indicators, so the researcher recommends the necessity to practice other indicator that are not covered as a new research agenda in future. The results of the study indicate the direct effect of job attitudes on knowledge sharing behavior is still weak, so the researcher suggested a future research to test the organizational learning culture as a moderator variable that can provide strengthening of knowledge sharing behavior in other sectors such as in business or public sectors.
{"title":"Model of Organizational Learning Culture on Knowledge Sharing Behavior","authors":"Sabaruddin Sondeng, Nurwati, Endro Sukotjo, Sriwiyati Maharani","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p184","url":null,"abstract":"The old research revealed that job attitudes were not correlated by a knowledge sharing behavior. This research develops to investigate the role organizational learning culture in context relations forming knowledge sharing behavior. Using a survey, 100 person graduates from Work Training Center involved as a respondent in this project from periods 2019 to 2020. This research was conducted with a quantitative method’s include variables job attitude, OCB, organizational learning culture, and knowledge sharing behavior. The data were measured by likert scale from 1 to 5 and collected by using a questionnaire measure. Research model develops with job attitudes as an independent variable, OCB as a mediation variable, organizational learning culture as a moderator variable and knowledge sharing behavior as a dependent variable was supported by SmartPLS3. The output investigation reveals that job attitude is a significantly factor linked to knowledge sharing behavior, and also correlated to organizational citizenship behavior. The other situation create that organizational citizenship behavior was not a significant variable on knowledge sharing behavior, and also OCB was not a mediation variable for knowledge sharing behavior. The exploration discloses that organizational learning culture has a moderate significant weather OCB towards knowledge sharing behavior or job attitude towards OCB, but insignificant for job attitudes on knowledge sharing behavior. Study concluded that job attitude has a significant outcome on OCB and knowledge sharing behavior. Organizational learning culture provides a strengthening of the association between job attitudes towards OCB and the association between OCB and knowledge sharing behavior. The study gives a new contribution that job attitudes affect both on OCB and on knowledge sharing behavior and organizational learning culture moderate job attitudes on OCB and OCB on knowledge sharing behavior, but not moderate job attitudes on knowledge sharing behavior. This study has limitations on several indicators of OCB and organizational learning culture while there are still other indicators, so the researcher recommends the necessity to practice other indicator that are not covered as a new research agenda in future. The results of the study indicate the direct effect of job attitudes on knowledge sharing behavior is still weak, so the researcher suggested a future research to test the organizational learning culture as a moderator variable that can provide strengthening of knowledge sharing behavior in other sectors such as in business or public sectors.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"22 1","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78593109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmelo Intrisano, Annapaola Micheli, Anna Maria Calce
This paper aims to ascertain whether differences exist in the composition of the financial sources in listed and unlisted companies. In detail, we conduct a differential analysis of the financial structure, measured as debt to equity ratio (D/E), comparing European listed companies to unlisted peers. Analysis cover the period 2015-2017. The main samples of listed and unlisted companies were grouped in nine sub samples representative of as many economic sectors: Healthcare, Consumer cyclical, Consumer non-cyclical, Energy, Industrials, Basic materials, Technology, Telecommunications and Utilities. We compared the average value of debt to equity ratio for listed and unlisted companies, for different sectors in order to verify if in listed companies the incidence of debt is lower than that for unlisted ones as stated from the majority literature. Then, we calculated the differences between means as “means of D/E for listed companies-means of D/E for unlisted companies” and we used the t-test to observe the statistical significance. Results showed that differences between means were significant at 1% level: so, averages D/E ratio were comparable and they appeared almost always greater for unlisted companies. This confirms that unlisted companies make greater use of debt capital.
{"title":"Financial Structure: A Comparative Study between European Listed and Unlisted Companies","authors":"Carmelo Intrisano, Annapaola Micheli, Anna Maria Calce","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to ascertain whether differences exist in the composition of the financial sources in listed and unlisted companies.\u0000\u0000In detail, we conduct a differential analysis of the financial structure, measured as debt to equity ratio (D/E), comparing European listed companies to unlisted peers. Analysis cover the period 2015-2017. The main samples of listed and unlisted companies were grouped in nine sub samples representative of as many economic sectors: Healthcare, Consumer cyclical, Consumer non-cyclical, Energy, Industrials, Basic materials, Technology, Telecommunications and Utilities. We compared the average value of debt to equity ratio for listed and unlisted companies, for different sectors in order to verify if in listed companies the incidence of debt is lower than that for unlisted ones as stated from the majority literature. Then, we calculated the differences between means as “means of D/E for listed companies-means of D/E for unlisted companies” and we used the t-test to observe the statistical significance. Results showed that differences between means were significant at 1% level: so, averages D/E ratio were comparable and they appeared almost always greater for unlisted companies. This confirms that unlisted companies make greater use of debt capital.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"10 1","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79641484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this paper is to detail preliminary work revolving around modeling. It provides understanding and underpinning implementation procedures of dynamics of large-scale events with Hajj examples, where a large population of people is contained for a significantly long but limited period within certain areas. It is essential to note further that the motivation behind this subject’s discussion could also be fueled by sales, inquiries, or security concerns. However, knowledge emergence on service point procedures implementation suggests that service points implementing data are extinct, and this is obliged to implement the next feature. As such, there is a critical need to reform a process and how to analyze the work. Developing this literature report requires extensive use of factual data for accuracy; as such, data mining and simulation techniques will be essential in explaining what services are needed. The simulation techniques used herein incorporate several databases targeting to exploit the advantage of proficiency in predicting distribution demand for population points based on available current estimates. Henceforth, data mining, in this case, is used to inform intelligent decision making on investing in services points as pushed for by customers’ demand.
{"title":"Optimizing Temporal Business Opportunities","authors":"R. Mohammed","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p104","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to detail preliminary work revolving around modeling. It provides understanding and underpinning implementation procedures of dynamics of large-scale events with Hajj examples, where a large population of people is contained for a significantly long but limited period within certain areas. It is essential to note further that the motivation behind this subject’s discussion could also be fueled by sales, inquiries, or security concerns. However, knowledge emergence on service point procedures implementation suggests that service points implementing data are extinct, and this is obliged to implement the next feature. As such, there is a critical need to reform a process and how to analyze the work. Developing this literature report requires extensive use of factual data for accuracy; as such, data mining and simulation techniques will be essential in explaining what services are needed. The simulation techniques used herein incorporate several databases targeting to exploit the advantage of proficiency in predicting distribution demand for population points based on available current estimates. Henceforth, data mining, in this case, is used to inform intelligent decision making on investing in services points as pushed for by customers’ demand.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"20 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86682751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper estimates water price elasticity and examines spatial patterns of urban water management variables in 70 localities of more than 2 500 inhabitants of the six northern border Mexican states. By using ordinary least squares, spatial econometrics, Lagrange Multipliers, and exploratory spatial data analysis techniques, four variables were analyzed: water price (P), a Non-revenue water index (NRWI), total urban water connections, and water billed volume (BV). In accordance with the literature, we found that water demand is price sensitive but inelastic. Then price as an instrument for controlling water consumption does not offer an efficient alternative for reducing it, as water price increases would have to rise very high to reflect changes in consumption habits. Instead, it could be just a revenue-raising tool. Our findings also confirm a significant spatial autocorrelation in P and the NRWI. More interestingly, we found robust spatial effects on BV. This result implies that the performance of urban water utilities is determined by its counterparts' performance in the region. Given the results and characteristics of water resources in the region, we argue that management policies must consider a regional approach to be effective.
{"title":"Spatial Analysis of Urban Water Use Management in the Northern Border Region of Mexico","authors":"Gregorio Castro-Rosales, Ramiro Esqueda-Walle","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p126","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates water price elasticity and examines spatial patterns of urban water management variables in 70 localities of more than 2 500 inhabitants of the six northern border Mexican states. By using ordinary least squares, spatial econometrics, Lagrange Multipliers, and exploratory spatial data analysis techniques, four variables were analyzed: water price (P), a Non-revenue water index (NRWI), total urban water connections, and water billed volume (BV). In accordance with the literature, we found that water demand is price sensitive but inelastic. Then price as an instrument for controlling water consumption does not offer an efficient alternative for reducing it, as water price increases would have to rise very high to reflect changes in consumption habits. Instead, it could be just a revenue-raising tool. Our findings also confirm a significant spatial autocorrelation in P and the NRWI. More interestingly, we found robust spatial effects on BV. This result implies that the performance of urban water utilities is determined by its counterparts' performance in the region. Given the results and characteristics of water resources in the region, we argue that management policies must consider a regional approach to be effective.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"147 1","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86064191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several research efforts provide insight into the corporate online strategies of luxury brands. However, little research has focused on how consumers perceive the luxury online experience. This research aims to understand the underlying motivations and reservations towards online luxury purchase. The perceived online experience of luxury consumers is examined within the framework of the functional theory of attitudes, rooted in the work of Katz (1960) and Shavitt (1989). An exploratory approach yielded a typology of five motivations: independent browsing, personalized communication, accessibility, and convenience; and three reservations: purchase of unfamiliar brands, lack of spontaneity and uninspiring online retail environments. This research contributes a much needed consumer perspective of luxury online retail to the existing literature. The findings have resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the online shopping luxury experience. Theoretically, the findings support the functional theory of attitudes and the influence of both hedonic and utilitarian dimensions on the online luxury experience. More practically, this work shows that recognition of the underlying motivations and reservations of online luxury consumers informs marketers and brand managers on how to adapt their online presence and initiatives.
{"title":"The Online Experience of Luxury Consumers: Insight into Motives and Reservations","authors":"Lama Halwani","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p157","url":null,"abstract":"Several research efforts provide insight into the corporate online strategies of luxury brands. However, little research has focused on how consumers perceive the luxury online experience. This research aims to understand the underlying motivations and reservations towards online luxury purchase. The perceived online experience of luxury consumers is examined within the framework of the functional theory of attitudes, rooted in the work of Katz (1960) and Shavitt (1989). An exploratory approach yielded a typology of five motivations: independent browsing, personalized communication, accessibility, and convenience; and three reservations: purchase of unfamiliar brands, lack of spontaneity and uninspiring online retail environments. This research contributes a much needed consumer perspective of luxury online retail to the existing literature. The findings have resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the online shopping luxury experience. Theoretically, the findings support the functional theory of attitudes and the influence of both hedonic and utilitarian dimensions on the online luxury experience. More practically, this work shows that recognition of the underlying motivations and reservations of online luxury consumers informs marketers and brand managers on how to adapt their online presence and initiatives.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"8 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84095988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pier Luigi Marchini, Veronica Tibiletti, Alice Medioli, Gianluca Gabrielli
Ever since major accounting scandals and corporate collapses of the early 2000’s, the improved risk taking and the lax approach to risk management procedures, which are viewed as contributing factors to the market breakdown that occurred in the international market and, in particular, in the U.S. in 2007, have led to an increased awareness of the importance of managing risk on the part of listed companies. Risk management has gained importance in the definition of what it means to be the best and most efficient corporate governance structure and mechanism, as it can play a fundamental role in helping to achieve the company’s target. Also disclosure related to risk management is fundamental for the efficient functioning of capital markets since it helps to improve corporate transparency and to reduce the information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and corporate risk-taking behavior and disclosure, as a tool for protecting shareholders, among Italian listed companies. The analysis is devoted to the Italian stock market because it is strongly characterized by a high ownership concentration and by the presence of a family ownership model; and this scenario makes the Italian one an interesting case to study. Based on a sample of 233 Italian listed companies, through a multivariate regression, we find that a high level of ownership concentration is positively related to a firms' low level of risk taking by the board of directors, so giving interesting insights to regulators and practitioners, as well as for further research.
{"title":"Corporate Ownership Structure as a Determinant of “Risk Taking”: Insights from Italian Listed Companies","authors":"Pier Luigi Marchini, Veronica Tibiletti, Alice Medioli, Gianluca Gabrielli","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p138","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since major accounting scandals and corporate collapses of the early 2000’s, the improved risk taking and the lax approach to risk management procedures, which are viewed as contributing factors to the market breakdown that occurred in the international market and, in particular, in the U.S. in 2007, have led to an increased awareness of the importance of managing risk on the part of listed companies. Risk management has gained importance in the definition of what it means to be the best and most efficient corporate governance structure and mechanism, as it can play a fundamental role in helping to achieve the company’s target. Also disclosure related to risk management is fundamental for the efficient functioning of capital markets since it helps to improve corporate transparency and to reduce the information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and corporate risk-taking behavior and disclosure, as a tool for protecting shareholders, among Italian listed companies. The analysis is devoted to the Italian stock market because it is strongly characterized by a high ownership concentration and by the presence of a family ownership model; and this scenario makes the Italian one an interesting case to study. Based on a sample of 233 Italian listed companies, through a multivariate regression, we find that a high level of ownership concentration is positively related to a firms' low level of risk taking by the board of directors, so giving interesting insights to regulators and practitioners, as well as for further research.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"46 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83615175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates how firms within the financial industry disclose financial and non-financial information in their integrated reports, by analyzing a sample of the banking sector published over five years (2014–2018). During the first phase, a content analysis methodology was conducted to investigate the disclosure level of six forms of capital, i.e., capitals. A principal component analysis then was implemented to reduce the dimensionality and investigate the relationship between capitals’ information. The main findings show that during the observed period, the focus mainly is on financial capital, while information on non-financial capitals is underdeveloped. A relationship exists among all non-financial capitals, but not between financial and non-financial capitals. The paper contributes to the academic debate on the use of integrated reports (IRs) in practice, providing useful insights regarding financial and non-financial disclosure.
{"title":"Disclosing Information on Financial and Non-Financial Capitals in the Integrated Report: An Empirical Analysis of Financial Industry","authors":"S. Santis, Michela Bianchi","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p62","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how firms within the financial industry disclose financial and non-financial information in their integrated reports, by analyzing a sample of the banking sector published over five years (2014–2018). During the first phase, a content analysis methodology was conducted to investigate the disclosure level of six forms of capital, i.e., capitals. A principal component analysis then was implemented to reduce the dimensionality and investigate the relationship between capitals’ information. The main findings show that during the observed period, the focus mainly is on financial capital, while information on non-financial capitals is underdeveloped. A relationship exists among all non-financial capitals, but not between financial and non-financial capitals. The paper contributes to the academic debate on the use of integrated reports (IRs) in practice, providing useful insights regarding financial and non-financial disclosure.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"7 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90744395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this paper is to investigate policy networks in Migori, a small county in the Western part of Kenya, near the border with Tanzania and Victoria Lake. In this study we build a unique network database and we use Social Network Analysis techniques to detect the structural relations among different stakeholders (e.g. institutions and civil society actors) within this county and we focus on different topics (i.e. overall interactions, training and cooperation, and for specific decision making on health and nutrition, and agricultural issues). The main results show the importance to distinguish, in policy networks, the rationale of interactions and their intensity, i.e. weak or strong ties. Institutions and civil society organizations are differently connected according to the functions and intensity of networks in which they operate. For example, for health and nutrition the Ministry is the core actor; the opposite occurs in agriculture, where local communities are the core players; and finally in training and coordination we have an intermediate layout, if compared to the two previous ones.
{"title":"Institutions and Civil Society Relations in Migori County (Kenya): A Social Network Analysis of Weak and Strong Ties","authors":"T. Uberti, F. Salsano","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p1","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to investigate policy networks in Migori, a small county in the Western part of Kenya, near the border with Tanzania and Victoria Lake. In this study we build a unique network database and we use Social Network Analysis techniques to detect the structural relations among different stakeholders (e.g. institutions and civil society actors) within this county and we focus on different topics (i.e. overall interactions, training and cooperation, and for specific decision making on health and nutrition, and agricultural issues). The main results show the importance to distinguish, in policy networks, the rationale of interactions and their intensity, i.e. weak or strong ties. Institutions and civil society organizations are differently connected according to the functions and intensity of networks in which they operate. For example, for health and nutrition the Ministry is the core actor; the opposite occurs in agriculture, where local communities are the core players; and finally in training and coordination we have an intermediate layout, if compared to the two previous ones.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86909334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many organizations have collapsed due to lack of creativity and others have also made giant strides due to the creative and innovative ideas of the managers. Hence, creativity is important concept that can change the fortunes of organizations. This study has been conducted to examine the impact of the managerial empowerment on managerial creativity in Greater Amman Municipality. Managerial empowerment has been taken as independent variable. Freedom of choice, self-efficacy, and development of job has been used as the proxy dimensions of managerial empowerment. Moreover, managerial creativity has been taken as dependent variable. Creativity in the product, marketing creativity, and regulatory creativity have been used as the proxy dimensions of managerial creativity. Questionnaires have been used to collect data. The results highlighted that all the dimensions of managerial empowerment are statistically significant on the creativity in the product. The study recommended that proper attention should be paid to the empowerment of workers, especially in the lower administrative levels by encouraging them to take on responsibilities and to look at their mistakes in order to enhance the potential for creativity in Greater Amman Municipality.
{"title":"Managerial Empowerment and Its Impact on Managerial Creativity: An Empirical Study in Greater Amman Municipality","authors":"Nehaya Nawaf Al Homud","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p32","url":null,"abstract":"Many organizations have collapsed due to lack of creativity and others have also made giant strides due to the creative and innovative ideas of the managers. Hence, creativity is important concept that can change the fortunes of organizations. This study has been conducted to examine the impact of the managerial empowerment on managerial creativity in Greater Amman Municipality. Managerial empowerment has been taken as independent variable. Freedom of choice, self-efficacy, and development of job has been used as the proxy dimensions of managerial empowerment. Moreover, managerial creativity has been taken as dependent variable. Creativity in the product, marketing creativity, and regulatory creativity have been used as the proxy dimensions of managerial creativity. Questionnaires have been used to collect data. The results highlighted that all the dimensions of managerial empowerment are statistically significant on the creativity in the product. The study recommended that proper attention should be paid to the empowerment of workers, especially in the lower administrative levels by encouraging them to take on responsibilities and to look at their mistakes in order to enhance the potential for creativity in Greater Amman Municipality.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"79 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82052645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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