Christeena Varghese, Lingaraju H G, Shankramma Kalikeri
In India, airborne pollutant is serious, and a growing illness cause of concern, adding considerably to the country ' s disease burden. Atmospheric effects are generally known to have several harmful health implications. India ' s air pollution has risen signi fi cantly because of population expansion, rising vehicle numbers, fuel usage, inef fi cient transit networks, poor land use patterns, industrialisation, and most importantly, insuf fi cient environmental legislation. Because air pollution is a major factor, this has an impact on human health. People gradually understood that contaminated outdoor air had detrimental consequences on human health. Hypercholesterolemia, breathing problems, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma are all connected to ambient air pollution on a global scale. The purpose of this research is to review the literature on air quality and how it impacts population livelihoods.
{"title":"Understanding the Status of Important Criteria Air Pollutants and Its Health Effects – A Review","authors":"Christeena Varghese, Lingaraju H G, Shankramma Kalikeri","doi":"10.55691/2278-344x.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55691/2278-344x.1006","url":null,"abstract":"In India, airborne pollutant is serious, and a growing illness cause of concern, adding considerably to the country ' s disease burden. Atmospheric effects are generally known to have several harmful health implications. India ' s air pollution has risen signi fi cantly because of population expansion, rising vehicle numbers, fuel usage, inef fi cient transit networks, poor land use patterns, industrialisation, and most importantly, insuf fi cient environmental legislation. Because air pollution is a major factor, this has an impact on human health. People gradually understood that contaminated outdoor air had detrimental consequences on human health. Hypercholesterolemia, breathing problems, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma are all connected to ambient air pollution on a global scale. The purpose of this research is to review the literature on air quality and how it impacts population livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88069464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem to solve especially in developing countries like India. Antibiotic use in India increased several times since 2005. Many studies in India have reported inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics which could be one of the possible reasons for increased antibiotic resistance in the country. This is an important and urgent issue that mandates strict regulations regarding the rational use of antibiotics. World Health Organization (WHO) has done a major revision to the essential medicines list which classifies antibiotics into three categories (access, watch, and reserve) to ensure the availability and correct use of antibiotics. Several countries started antimicrobial stewardship programs to promote e appropriate use of antibiotics, reduce antibiotic resistance as well a financial burden. Indian government started a national action plan on antibiotic resistance in 2017 to promote the rational use of antibiotics but it is still in its formative stage as all stewardship components are yet to be implemented. This review emphasizes the importance and the need for implementing WHO's AWaRe strategy and antimicrobial stewardship to promote rational antibiotic use in the country.
{"title":"WHO AWaRe strategy and antimicrobial stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance: An Indian perspective","authors":"D. Meena, Jayanthi Mathaiyan, G. Gauthaman","doi":"10.55691/2278-344x.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55691/2278-344x.1008","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem to solve especially in developing countries like India. Antibiotic use in India increased several times since 2005. Many studies in India have reported inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics which could be one of the possible reasons for increased antibiotic resistance in the country. This is an important and urgent issue that mandates strict regulations regarding the rational use of antibiotics. World Health Organization (WHO) has done a major revision to the essential medicines list which classifies antibiotics into three categories (access, watch, and reserve) to ensure the availability and correct use of antibiotics. Several countries started antimicrobial stewardship programs to promote e appropriate use of antibiotics, reduce antibiotic resistance as well a financial burden. Indian government started a national action plan on antibiotic resistance in 2017 to promote the rational use of antibiotics but it is still in its formative stage as all stewardship components are yet to be implemented. This review emphasizes the importance and the need for implementing WHO's AWaRe strategy and antimicrobial stewardship to promote rational antibiotic use in the country.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79402036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sushmashree Krishnappa, Shankramma Kalikeri, Raj Kumar H. Garampalli, Lingaraju H G, Charan Kumar Kachintaya
Nanotechnology is progressively becoming a popular fi eld of research because it has been successful in changing our agricultural and food systems. According to research published by the UNFAO, agriculture as well as its derivatives would be in high demand sooner or later, owing to nutritional changes. Nanoparticles have been reported to be used in an agricultural sector, because of its capacity to encourage crop growth and yield. Among metal nanoparticles, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are attracting a lot of attention. We have highlighted some of the agricultural uses of AgNPs, which include pest management, plant disease detection, crop enhancement, and crop production.
{"title":"A brief review of the impact of silver nanoparticles on agriculture and certain biological properties: A case study","authors":"Sushmashree Krishnappa, Shankramma Kalikeri, Raj Kumar H. Garampalli, Lingaraju H G, Charan Kumar Kachintaya","doi":"10.55691/2278-344x.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55691/2278-344x.1010","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is progressively becoming a popular fi eld of research because it has been successful in changing our agricultural and food systems. According to research published by the UNFAO, agriculture as well as its derivatives would be in high demand sooner or later, owing to nutritional changes. Nanoparticles have been reported to be used in an agricultural sector, because of its capacity to encourage crop growth and yield. Among metal nanoparticles, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are attracting a lot of attention. We have highlighted some of the agricultural uses of AgNPs, which include pest management, plant disease detection, crop enhancement, and crop production.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72458824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_34_21
Zayapragassarazan Z
Behavior, social, psychological, and biological factors affect health and disease. It is widely recognized that behavioral and social sciences should become an integral part of medical training. Integrating behavioral and social science into the curriculum is a key issue emphasized in many research. Despite the critical role of behavior and social science in health-care performance, these have not been effectively incorporated in the medical and allied health sciences curriculum. This article emphasizes the role, purpose, and importance of social and behavioral science in the medical curriculum. It also discusses how effectively these domains can be integrated into the medical school curriculum to train future doctors in social and behavioral sciences relevant to medical practice. Such medical education and training will help future doctors to practice with a fully informed medical system.
{"title":"The need for integrating social and behavioral sciences in the Indian medical curriculum","authors":"Zayapragassarazan Z","doi":"10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_34_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_34_21","url":null,"abstract":"Behavior, social, psychological, and biological factors affect health and disease. It is widely recognized that behavioral and social sciences should become an integral part of medical training. Integrating behavioral and social science into the curriculum is a key issue emphasized in many research. Despite the critical role of behavior and social science in health-care performance, these have not been effectively incorporated in the medical and allied health sciences curriculum. This article emphasizes the role, purpose, and importance of social and behavioral science in the medical curriculum. It also discusses how effectively these domains can be integrated into the medical school curriculum to train future doctors in social and behavioral sciences relevant to medical practice. Such medical education and training will help future doctors to practice with a fully informed medical system.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"311 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77744394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_254_20
Meera Padhy, Prabhati Pati, S. Monteiro
BACKGROUND: Well-being is a desired and optimal state of functioning of individuals, which may be modified through various psychological factors. Mindfulness is a cultivable state of mind, which enhances experiential processing of stimuli. It is hypothesized that apart from mindfulness, the social environment of the individual vis-à-vis social support may help predict well-being. This study was done to examine mindfulness, social support, and well-being, their relationship and role in the Indian population. METHODS: Through purposive sampling, 375 men and women (mean age = 35.05 years; standard deviation = 12.82) were recruited into the study and were administered the cognitive and affective mindfulness scale-revised, interpersonal support evaluation list, and the brief inventory of thriving. The obtained quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson's r), and multiple hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The results showed a positive correlation among mindfulness, social support and its dimensions (tangible, appraisal, and belonging), and well-being. Regression analyses revealed that mindfulness and social support in combination contributed to well-being, where belonging support was seen to be a unique significant predictor. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that both mindfulness and social support are significant indices of well-being, and this is especially useful in developing psychosocial interventions that would enhance well-being. Implications and limitations of the study have also been discussed.
{"title":"Well-being indices: A role of mindfulness and social support","authors":"Meera Padhy, Prabhati Pati, S. Monteiro","doi":"10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_254_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_254_20","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Well-being is a desired and optimal state of functioning of individuals, which may be modified through various psychological factors. Mindfulness is a cultivable state of mind, which enhances experiential processing of stimuli. It is hypothesized that apart from mindfulness, the social environment of the individual vis-à-vis social support may help predict well-being. This study was done to examine mindfulness, social support, and well-being, their relationship and role in the Indian population. METHODS: Through purposive sampling, 375 men and women (mean age = 35.05 years; standard deviation = 12.82) were recruited into the study and were administered the cognitive and affective mindfulness scale-revised, interpersonal support evaluation list, and the brief inventory of thriving. The obtained quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson's r), and multiple hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The results showed a positive correlation among mindfulness, social support and its dimensions (tangible, appraisal, and belonging), and well-being. Regression analyses revealed that mindfulness and social support in combination contributed to well-being, where belonging support was seen to be a unique significant predictor. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that both mindfulness and social support are significant indices of well-being, and this is especially useful in developing psychosocial interventions that would enhance well-being. Implications and limitations of the study have also been discussed.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"263 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84551548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_65_21
S. Sowmmya, Melanahalli Dayananda, J. Rao
CONTEXT: Costing enables administrators in planning for future expansion, evaluates cost-effectiveness, and helps in mobilization of resources. Costing of services like blood banking and transfusion is complex, more particularly in a service-oriented (not for profit) setup. Activity-based costing (ABC) helps in identifying all the resources involved at every step. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the cost of processing blood components in the blood transfusion services (BTS) department (blood center) of a private trust-funded tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a retrospective study and an economic evaluation. METHODOLOGY: Cost an activities data was collected by observation and unstructured interviews of Blood Centre staff. The costing model was created based on the activities, cost heads and the costs were apportioned appropriately followed by calculation of the final costs. RESULTS: An ABC model with nine steps, which identified fifty substeps modeling the activities, was used to estimate the cost. The manpower cost (direct and indirect) was the highest cost driver followed by the direct material cost of the blood bag. ABC analysis revealed that component separation was the most expensive process step followed by cross-matching, specialized packed cells preparation, storage, and infection testing. CONCLUSIONS: Despite excluding fixed costs related to land, infrastructure, building, and equipment capital and depreciation, the ABC model costing was higher than the Government of India released costing. A homogenized ABC model helps in identifying and refining methods to adopt cost efficiency measures at the institutional level but also raises the question whether cost-efficiency requires a policy-level intervention. Additional data collected across the country and analyzed in a standardized manner can aid in the same.
{"title":"Cost of a unit of blood – An activity-based costing in a tertiary care teaching hospital","authors":"S. Sowmmya, Melanahalli Dayananda, J. Rao","doi":"10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_65_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_65_21","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT: Costing enables administrators in planning for future expansion, evaluates cost-effectiveness, and helps in mobilization of resources. Costing of services like blood banking and transfusion is complex, more particularly in a service-oriented (not for profit) setup. Activity-based costing (ABC) helps in identifying all the resources involved at every step. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the cost of processing blood components in the blood transfusion services (BTS) department (blood center) of a private trust-funded tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a retrospective study and an economic evaluation. METHODOLOGY: Cost an activities data was collected by observation and unstructured interviews of Blood Centre staff. The costing model was created based on the activities, cost heads and the costs were apportioned appropriately followed by calculation of the final costs. RESULTS: An ABC model with nine steps, which identified fifty substeps modeling the activities, was used to estimate the cost. The manpower cost (direct and indirect) was the highest cost driver followed by the direct material cost of the blood bag. ABC analysis revealed that component separation was the most expensive process step followed by cross-matching, specialized packed cells preparation, storage, and infection testing. CONCLUSIONS: Despite excluding fixed costs related to land, infrastructure, building, and equipment capital and depreciation, the ABC model costing was higher than the Government of India released costing. A homogenized ABC model helps in identifying and refining methods to adopt cost efficiency measures at the institutional level but also raises the question whether cost-efficiency requires a policy-level intervention. Additional data collected across the country and analyzed in a standardized manner can aid in the same.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"98 12 1","pages":"300 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83327332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_148_20
H. Rajeshwari, T Sivapriya T
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to estimate the nutrients, phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of Zea mays L. (Poaceae) Stigma maydis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aqueous extract of Zea mays L. (Poaceae) Stigma maydis was used for nutrient, phytochemical antioxidant, and antimicrobial analysis. Total carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and energy were assessed according to British Pharmacopeia. Phytochemicals were screened by Trease and Evans method. Antioxidant assay was done by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar well-diffusion method. RESULTS: The amount of carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and energy present Zea mays L.(Poaceae) Stigma maydis was 6.12 g, 20.2 g, 0, 1.35 g, and 117.3 kilo calories, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical assay established the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids. The antioxidant activity was estimated as 76.75% at 700 nm by FRAP assay and 65.19% at 517 nm by DPPH assay. The zone of inhibition was found to be 1.5 mm against Escherichia coli. CONCLUSION: Zea mays L. (Poaceae) Stigma maydis can be used as a functional food to eradicate communicable as well as noncommunicable diseases due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. It can be incorporated into food products for effective usage.
{"title":"Analysis of nutrients, phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of corn silk extract (Zea mays L. Stigma)","authors":"H. Rajeshwari, T Sivapriya T","doi":"10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_148_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_148_20","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to estimate the nutrients, phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of Zea mays L. (Poaceae) Stigma maydis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aqueous extract of Zea mays L. (Poaceae) Stigma maydis was used for nutrient, phytochemical antioxidant, and antimicrobial analysis. Total carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and energy were assessed according to British Pharmacopeia. Phytochemicals were screened by Trease and Evans method. Antioxidant assay was done by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar well-diffusion method. RESULTS: The amount of carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and energy present Zea mays L.(Poaceae) Stigma maydis was 6.12 g, 20.2 g, 0, 1.35 g, and 117.3 kilo calories, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical assay established the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids. The antioxidant activity was estimated as 76.75% at 700 nm by FRAP assay and 65.19% at 517 nm by DPPH assay. The zone of inhibition was found to be 1.5 mm against Escherichia coli. CONCLUSION: Zea mays L. (Poaceae) Stigma maydis can be used as a functional food to eradicate communicable as well as noncommunicable diseases due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. It can be incorporated into food products for effective usage.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"275 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86567430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_46_21
B. Shrinivasa, P. Chandrasekaran, J. Chadwick, M. Murekhar
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many health service systems including tuberculosis (TB) control in India. As of October 19, 2020, India has the second highest number of COVID cases globally, amounting to 7.55 million reported COVID-19 cases and 114,640 deaths. Indian Council of Medical Research's Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine study among elderly individuals in COVID-19 hotspots involves the following strategy such as COVID screening by antibody testing and real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction, TB screening by symptom and chest X-ray, and those who are tested positive will be linked to the national tuberculosis elimination programme for the management, this could be a sustainable new strategy in combating the two pandemic diseases, especially in India with high TB and COVID-19 disease burden. To ensure no one is left behind, the paradigm shift of screening for TB and COVID should be in place to sustain the progress made toward TB elimination.
{"title":"Adult Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination during the pandemic of COVID-19 in India","authors":"B. Shrinivasa, P. Chandrasekaran, J. Chadwick, M. Murekhar","doi":"10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_46_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_46_21","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many health service systems including tuberculosis (TB) control in India. As of October 19, 2020, India has the second highest number of COVID cases globally, amounting to 7.55 million reported COVID-19 cases and 114,640 deaths. Indian Council of Medical Research's Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine study among elderly individuals in COVID-19 hotspots involves the following strategy such as COVID screening by antibody testing and real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction, TB screening by symptom and chest X-ray, and those who are tested positive will be linked to the national tuberculosis elimination programme for the management, this could be a sustainable new strategy in combating the two pandemic diseases, especially in India with high TB and COVID-19 disease burden. To ensure no one is left behind, the paradigm shift of screening for TB and COVID should be in place to sustain the progress made toward TB elimination.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"173 1","pages":"307 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72789187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_44_20
Meenakshi Bhilwar, Poornima Tiwari, P. Parija, Priyanka Sharma, S. Saha
BACKGROUND: According to the WHO, about 830 women die from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications globally and can be attributed to the three delays that influence the outcome of any pregnancy. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is one of the most conceptual and logical means of addressing these delays. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study BPCR among pregnant women visiting ANC clinic at a tertiary care government hospital in Delhi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 200 pregnant women, irrespective of gestational age visiting the hospital. Information was gathered using a pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire by an interview about BPCR. Descriptive analysis was done and tests of significance were applied to determine association. RESULTS: Awareness about dangers signs during pregnancy and childbirth and symptoms indicating onset of labor were all found to be poor, none of subjects were aware of all the signs. About 76% believed they should identify an institution for delivery ahead of time, while 68.5% had identified one and 64 (32%) had arranged a mode of transport. One hundred sixteen women (58%) believed that they should save money for the incurring costs of pregnancy, while 105 (52.5%) were saving money for the same. Sixty-three women (31.5%) agreed that it is necessary to identify a blood donor; however, only 7.5% had identified one. The BPCR index for the current study was 37.12. CONCLUSION: Efforts should be targeted to increase the awareness about various components of BPCR along with increased involvement of community health workers and health-care providers.
{"title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women visiting a government hospital in Delhi, India","authors":"Meenakshi Bhilwar, Poornima Tiwari, P. Parija, Priyanka Sharma, S. Saha","doi":"10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_44_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_44_20","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: According to the WHO, about 830 women die from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications globally and can be attributed to the three delays that influence the outcome of any pregnancy. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is one of the most conceptual and logical means of addressing these delays. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study BPCR among pregnant women visiting ANC clinic at a tertiary care government hospital in Delhi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 200 pregnant women, irrespective of gestational age visiting the hospital. Information was gathered using a pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire by an interview about BPCR. Descriptive analysis was done and tests of significance were applied to determine association. RESULTS: Awareness about dangers signs during pregnancy and childbirth and symptoms indicating onset of labor were all found to be poor, none of subjects were aware of all the signs. About 76% believed they should identify an institution for delivery ahead of time, while 68.5% had identified one and 64 (32%) had arranged a mode of transport. One hundred sixteen women (58%) believed that they should save money for the incurring costs of pregnancy, while 105 (52.5%) were saving money for the same. Sixty-three women (31.5%) agreed that it is necessary to identify a blood donor; however, only 7.5% had identified one. The BPCR index for the current study was 37.12. CONCLUSION: Efforts should be targeted to increase the awareness about various components of BPCR along with increased involvement of community health workers and health-care providers.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"673 1","pages":"293 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74757803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_68_21
S. Kumar, B. Shrinivasa, S. Hissar, M. Rajasakthivel
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease, is transmitted by inhalation of droplet nuclei discharged in the air. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), now National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) of India, has made significant gains in strengthening the support structures, program architecture, and implementation environment for TB control in India. Kass's framework for public health includes an analytic tool that consists of a step-by-step list of six questions for deciding how the burdens and benefits of an intervention can be fairly balanced. We have tried to apply each of the elements addressed in the framework with context to RNTCP/NTEP measures, reviewing relevant literature evidence and attempt to view from the “ receiver's” perspective instead of looking at from “ provider's” perspective. We feel the NTEP provides a sound delivery of ethical principles in the program. Involvement of private sectors into the program for TB control, which is a challenging task, is a requirement for a fair provision of uniform TB care across the nation.
{"title":"Ethical implications of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme in India: A framework-based analysis","authors":"S. Kumar, B. Shrinivasa, S. Hissar, M. Rajasakthivel","doi":"10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_68_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_68_21","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease, is transmitted by inhalation of droplet nuclei discharged in the air. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), now National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) of India, has made significant gains in strengthening the support structures, program architecture, and implementation environment for TB control in India. Kass's framework for public health includes an analytic tool that consists of a step-by-step list of six questions for deciding how the burdens and benefits of an intervention can be fairly balanced. We have tried to apply each of the elements addressed in the framework with context to RNTCP/NTEP measures, reviewing relevant literature evidence and attempt to view from the “ receiver's” perspective instead of looking at from “ provider's” perspective. We feel the NTEP provides a sound delivery of ethical principles in the program. Involvement of private sectors into the program for TB control, which is a challenging task, is a requirement for a fair provision of uniform TB care across the nation.","PeriodicalId":54094,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"253 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82178936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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