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From Automation to User Empowerment: Investigating the Role of a Semi-automatic Tool in Social Media Accessibility 从自动化到用户赋权:调查半自动工具在社交媒体无障碍环境中的作用
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1145/3647643
Letícia Seixas Pereira, João Guerreiro, André Rodrigues, T. Guerreiro, Carlos Duarte
This paper focuses on evaluating SONAAR (Social Networks Accessible Authoring), a tool that combines automation and end-user empowerment to enhance the accessibility of social media content. SONAAR aims to increase user engagement in creating accessible content and expanding the availability of accessible media online. Additionally, SONAAR provides supplementary information to support the authoring of accessible media content. To assess SONAAR's effectiveness, we conducted three distinct studies. First, we analyzed user patterns and behaviors through log analysis. Next, we evaluated the clarity, helpfulness, and efficiency of the additional documentation and its potential to improve engagement in accessible practices. Finally, we explored user perceptions and challenges when interacting with SONAAR. The obtained findings indicate positive user feedback and provide valuable insights for improvement. These results underscore the importance of raising awareness and offering support for accessible practices, as well as the necessity for enhanced platform backing. Our study contributes to advancing accessible content authoring, promoting inclusivity and accessibility in online social media. We suggest future research directions to facilitate broader adoption of accessible practices and address user engagement challenges, ultimately enhancing the accessibility of social media content.
本文重点评估 SONAAR(社交网络无障碍创作),这是一种将自动化和终端用户授权相结合的工具,可提高社交媒体内容的无障碍程度。SONAAR 旨在提高用户在创建无障碍内容方面的参与度,并扩大无障碍在线媒体的可用性。此外,SONAAR 还为无障碍媒体内容的创作提供补充信息。为了评估 SONAAR 的有效性,我们进行了三项不同的研究。首先,我们通过日志分析对用户模式和行为进行了分析。其次,我们评估了附加文档的清晰度、有用性和效率,以及其提高无障碍实践参与度的潜力。最后,我们探讨了用户与 SONAAR 交互时的感知和挑战。研究结果显示了用户的积极反馈,并提供了宝贵的改进意见。这些结果强调了提高对无障碍实践的认识和提供支持的重要性,以及加强平台支持的必要性。我们的研究有助于推动无障碍内容的编写,促进网络社交媒体的包容性和无障碍性。我们提出了未来的研究方向,以促进更广泛地采用无障碍实践,解决用户参与方面的挑战,最终提高社交媒体内容的无障碍性。
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引用次数: 0
Stress Detection of Autistic Adults during Simulated Job Interviews using a Novel Physiological Dataset and Machine Learning 利用新型生理数据集和机器学习,在模拟求职面试中检测自闭症成人的压力
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1145/3639709
Miroslava Migovich, Deeksha Adiani, Michael Breen, A. Swanson, Timothy J. Vogus, Nilanjan Sarkar
The interview process has been identified as one of the major barriers to employment of autistic individuals, which contributes to the staggering rate of under and unemployment of autistic adults. Decreasing stress during the interview has been shown to improve interview performance. However, in order to effectively provide insights on stress to both interviewees and interviewers, it is necessary to first effectively measure stress. This work explores physiological stress detection through wearable sensing as a means of obtaining quantitative stress measures from young autistic adults undergoing a virtual simulated interview using supervised machine learning techniques. Several supervised learning models were explored and it was found that Elastic Net Regression had the best accuracy with individual models with an accuracy of 84.8% while Support Vector Regression models evaluated with leave-one-out cross validation had a group accuracy of 75.4%. The predictions from the stress model were used with data visualization techniques in order to provide insights on the interview process from both a group and individual viewpoint, showing that stress trends can be found and evaluated using the stress model. This work also addresses a major gap in physiological stress detection literature by presenting a novel dataset of physiological data and ground truth labels for 15 autistic young adults undergoing a simulated interview.
面试过程已被确认为自闭症患者就业的主要障碍之一,这也是自闭症成年人就业不足率和失业率惊人的原因之一。事实证明,减轻面试过程中的压力可以提高面试成绩。然而,为了有效地为受访者和面试官提供有关压力的见解,有必要首先对压力进行有效测量。这项研究探索了通过可穿戴传感技术进行生理压力检测的方法,从而利用监督机器学习技术从正在接受虚拟模拟面试的年轻自闭症成年人那里获得定量压力测量值。研究人员探索了几种监督学习模型,发现弹性网回归(Elastic Net Regression)的准确率最高,单个模型的准确率为 84.8%,而支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression)模型在留一交叉验证(leave-one-out cross validation)的评估下,群体准确率为 75.4%。压力模型的预测结果被用于数据可视化技术,以便从小组和个人的角度对面试过程进行深入分析,这表明可以使用压力模型发现和评估压力趋势。这项研究还填补了生理压力检测文献中的一大空白,为 15 名正在接受模拟面试的自闭症青少年提供了一个包含生理数据和地面实况标签的新数据集。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring the Accuracy of Automatic Speech Recognition Solutions 衡量自动语音识别解决方案的准确性
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1145/3636513
Korbinian Kuhn, Verena Kersken, Benedikt Reuter, Niklas Egger, Gottfried Zimmermann
For d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people, captioning is an essential accessibility tool. Significant developments in artificial intelligence (AI) mean that Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is now a part of many popular applications. This makes creating captions easy and broadly available - but transcription needs high levels of accuracy to be accessible. Scientific publications and industry report very low error rates, claiming AI has reached human parity or even outperforms manual transcription. At the same time the DHH community reports serious issues with the accuracy and reliability of ASR. There seems to be a mismatch between technical innovations and the real-life experience for people who depend on transcription. Independent and comprehensive data is needed to capture the state of ASR. We measured the performance of eleven common ASR services with recordings of Higher Education lectures. We evaluated the influence of technical conditions like streaming, the use of vocabularies, and differences between languages. Our results show that accuracy ranges widely between vendors and for the individual audio samples. We also measured a significant lower quality for streaming ASR, which is used for live events. Our study shows that despite the recent improvements of ASR, common services lack reliability in accuracy.
对于聋人和重听人来说,字幕是必不可少的辅助工具。人工智能(AI)的重大发展意味着自动语音识别(ASR)现在是许多流行应用的一部分。这使得创建字幕变得容易和广泛,但转录需要高水平的准确性才能访问。科学出版物和行业报告的错误率非常低,声称人工智能已经达到了人类的水平,甚至超过了人工转录。与此同时,DHH社区报告了ASR的准确性和可靠性存在严重问题。对于依赖转录的人来说,技术创新和现实生活经验之间似乎存在不匹配。需要独立和全面的数据来捕捉ASR的状态。我们用高等教育讲座的录音测量了11种常见的ASR服务的表现。我们评估了技术条件的影响,如流媒体、词汇的使用和语言之间的差异。我们的结果表明,准确度在供应商和单个音频样本之间的范围很大。我们还测量了用于现场活动的流媒体ASR的质量明显较低。我们的研究表明,尽管ASR最近有所改进,但普通服务在准确性方面缺乏可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Helping or hindering: Inclusive Design of Automated Task Prompting for Workers with Cognitive Disabilities 帮助还是阻碍?针对认知障碍工人的自动化任务提示包容性设计
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1145/3628447
Gavin R. Philips, Morris Huang, Cathy Bodine
Of the ∼8.8 million working-age adults with cognitive disabilities in the United States, only 28.6% are employed, contributing to a poverty rate (26.1%) for people with cognitive disabilities (PwCDs) that is more than twice that for people without disabilities. PwCDs who are employed are often still marginalized via reduced hours and pay, largely due to their more limited capability to perform work efficiently and independently. As evidence, warehouse and shelf stocking jobs that serve as employment for a significant percentage of PwCDs, often require frequent intervention from a job coach in the workplace, impacting the pay and self-esteem of these workers. This study's objective was to remove barriers to employment for PwCD through inclusive design of technology supports in warehouse and similar settings. Specifically, a nonlinear context-aware prompting system (NCAPS) was developed, iteratively refined, and tested. In a pilot crossover study, subjects with cognitive disabilities participated in simulated work sessions, picking orders in a small warehouse environment using the NCAPS and industry standard paper tickets. Their performance was assessed in terms of errors and productivity, and their insights and perspectives were gathered. The resulting NCAPS prevented or corrected all errors for all but one participant. It also increased productivity for participants with the poorest baseline (paper ticket) performance, but decreased productivity for those with high baseline performance. No significant difference was observed in system usability scale (SUS) scores between methods. Topics emerging from user input highlighted the need for technological supports for PwCD to be simple and flexible in operation, and reliable to maintain user trust. By prioritizing robustness and intuitiveness, flexible technology supports can be developed to empower workers with a broad range of abilities, including those with temporary and situational impairments. Such tools would reduce barriers to employment, including stigma, discrimination, and other barriers to equity.
在美国 880 万工作年龄的认知障碍成年人中,只有 28.6% 有工作,这导致认知障碍人士(PwCDs)的贫困率(26.1%)是非残疾人的两倍多。有工作的 PwCDs 仍然经常被边缘化,因为他们的工作时间和工资都被减少了,这主要是由于他们独立高效地完成工作的能力比较有限。仓库和货架上的存货工作就是一个很好的例子,这些工作在很大比例的 PwCDs 中都能找到,但往往需要工作指导员在工作场所进行频繁的干预,从而影响了这些工人的薪酬和自尊。本研究的目标是通过在仓库和类似环境中设计包容性的技术支持来消除 PwCD 的就业障碍。具体来说,我们开发了一个非线性情境感知提示系统(NCAPS),并对其进行了反复改进和测试。在一项试点交叉研究中,有认知障碍的受试者参加了模拟工作环节,在小型仓库环境中使用非线性情境感知提示系统和行业标准纸质票据拣选订单。从错误和生产率的角度对他们的表现进行了评估,并收集了他们的见解和观点。最终,除一名参与者外,NCAPS 为所有参与者防止或纠正了所有错误。它还提高了基线(纸质票据)性能最差的参与者的生产率,但降低了基线性能高的参与者的生产率。不同方法的系统可用性量表(SUS)得分没有明显差异。从用户反馈中发现的问题突出表明,为残疾人提供的技术支持在操作上必须简单灵活、可靠,以保持用户的信任。通过将稳健性和直观性放在首位,可以开发出灵活的技术支持,以增强具有各种能力的工人的能力,包括那些有暂时性和情境性损伤的工人。这些工具将减少就业障碍,包括耻辱、歧视和其他公平障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Supporting Social Inclusion with DIY-ATs: Perspectives of Kenyan Caregivers of Children with Cognitive Disabilities 用diy - at支持社会包容:肯尼亚认知障碍儿童照顾者的观点
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1145/3616378
Foad Hamidi, T. Kidane, P. M. Owuor, M. Hynie, Melanie Baljko
Do-It-Yourself assistive technologies (DIY-ATs) that can be designed, fabricated, or customized by non-technical individuals can enable people with disabilities and their community members to create and customize their own technological solutions. DIY-ATs may better fit user needs than mass-produced alternatives. Recently, researchers have started to explore the possibilities and challenges of using DIY-ATs in contexts other than the Global North, where access to digital ATs is limited. Previous research has not yet studied the perspectives of caregivers of children with disabilities towards these technologies. We present findings from an interview study with caregivers of children and youth with cognitive disabilities in Western Kenya who used a DIY-AT system as a research probe. Participants described how negative beliefs about people with disabilities result in social exclusion and discrimination and explained how increased opportunities for social interaction and learning mediated through DIY and other customizable ATs for their children could support their inclusion, safety, and access to future opportunities.
可以由非技术人员设计、制造或定制的diy辅助技术(diy - at)可以使残疾人及其社区成员创建和定制他们自己的技术解决方案。diy at可能比批量生产的替代品更适合用户需求。最近,研究人员开始探索在全球北方以外的环境中使用diy at的可能性和挑战,在这些环境中,获取数字at的机会有限。以前的研究还没有研究残疾儿童的照顾者对这些技术的看法。我们提出了一项对肯尼亚西部有认知障碍的儿童和青少年照顾者的访谈研究结果,他们使用DIY-AT系统作为研究探针。参与者描述了对残疾人的负面看法如何导致社会排斥和歧视,并解释了如何通过DIY和其他可定制的儿童辅助教育来增加社会互动和学习的机会,从而支持他们的融入、安全和获得未来的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Musical Instruments in Special Educational Needs Schools: Requirements from the Music Teachers’ Perspective and the Status Quo in Germany 特殊教育需要学校的数字乐器:音乐教师视角下的需求及德国现状
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1145/3616015
Andreas Förster, Steffen Lepa
Digital musical instruments (DMIs) offer the possibility to create barrier-free access to active music-making and to unique sound aesthetics for a broad group of people, including those who experience disabling barriers to access when using traditional acoustic musical instruments. However, current music education research focuses primarily on app-based DMIs. Although these devices have numerous advantages, such as ubiquitous availability and flexibility, they may be experienced as disabling by people with severe cognitive or complex disabilities. Thus, they only partially exploit the potential of DMIs for special educational needs (SEN) music practices, which we outline in this article. However, given that no comprehensive studies have yet been conducted on the use of DMIs in SEN schools, the actual motives and barriers for SEN school teachers to employ different types of DMIs in class are largely unknown. To address this research gap, we present the results of a quantitative survey covering all SEN schools in 12 of Germany's 16 federal states. We surveyed the status quo of DMI use in SEN schools and the perceived potential of DMIs and DMI-related information needs from the music teachers’ perspective. Our findings demonstrate that DMIs are only rarely used in Germany, with the exception of established standard DMIs such as keyboards and music apps. Unfortunately, accessible DMIs (ADMIs) are hardly used. Related to the rare use of DMIs in SEN schools, we also identified a lack of domain-specific knowledge among music teachers and concluded that there was a need to develop DMIs specifically designed for use in classroom education. Finally, we discuss the potential of using open-source DMI technology as well as the importance of identifying music teachers’ attitudes during DMI development.
数字乐器(dmi)为广泛的人群提供了无障碍的音乐创作和独特的声音美学的可能性,包括那些在使用传统原声乐器时遇到残疾障碍的人。然而,目前的音乐教育研究主要集中在基于app的dmi上。尽管这些设备有很多优点,比如无处不在的可用性和灵活性,但对于患有严重认知障碍或复杂残疾的人来说,它们可能会造成残疾。因此,他们只是部分地利用了DMIs在特殊教育需求(SEN)音乐实践中的潜力,我们在本文中概述了这一点。然而,鉴于目前还没有对特殊教育学校中使用dmi的情况进行全面的研究,特殊教育学校教师在课堂上使用不同类型dmi的实际动机和障碍在很大程度上是未知的。为了解决这一研究差距,我们提出了一项定量调查的结果,该调查涵盖了德国16个联邦州中12个州的所有SEN学校。我们从音乐教师的角度调查了SEN学校DMI的使用现状、DMI的感知潜力和DMI相关的信息需求。我们的研究结果表明,除了键盘和音乐应用程序等已建立的标准dmi之外,dmi在德国很少使用。不幸的是,可访问的dmi (ADMIs)很少被使用。与特殊教育学校很少使用dmi相关的是,我们还发现音乐教师缺乏特定领域的知识,并得出结论,有必要开发专门用于课堂教育的dmi。最后,我们讨论了使用开源DMI技术的潜力,以及在DMI开发过程中识别音乐教师态度的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
“Why are there so many steps?”: Improving Access to Blind and Low Vision Music Learning through Personal Adaptations and Future Design Ideas “为什么有这么多台阶?”:通过个人适应和未来设计理念改善盲人和低视力音乐学习的机会
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1145/3615663
Leon Lu, K. Cochrane, Jin Kang, A. Girouard
Music can be a catalyst for self-development, creative expression, and community building for blind or low vision (BLV) individuals. However, BLV music learners face complex obstacles in learning music. They are highly reliant on their learning environment and music teachers for accommodations and flexibility. Prior research identified the challenges faced by BLV musicians. Yet, limited research has addressed these challenges through the development of technology. Drawing upon the experience and suggestions of 40 BLV professional musicians, amateur musicians and music teachers (including sighted teachers with experience teaching blind students), we identified five themes: (1) Key Challenges of BLV Music Learning, (2) Personal Adaptations to Overcome Music Learning Challenges, (3) Perspectives on Current and Future Assistive Technologies, (4) Contention Between Braille Music and Auditory Learning, and (5) Role of Human Support for Music Learning. Together, these findings outline a path to make music learning more accessible to BLV people. To this end, we describe opportunities for enhanced audio cues for musical communication, recommend integrating vibrotactile feedback to aid music reading and design technology that supports independence and interdependence in music learning.
音乐可以成为盲人或弱视者自我发展、创造性表达和社区建设的催化剂。然而,BLV音乐学习者在学习音乐时面临着复杂的障碍。他们高度依赖他们的学习环境和音乐老师的住宿和灵活性。先前的研究确定了BLV音乐家面临的挑战。然而,有限的研究已经通过技术的发展解决了这些挑战。根据40位BLV专业音乐家、业余音乐家和音乐教师(包括有教学盲人学生经验的视力正常的教师)的经验和建议,我们确定了五个主题:(1)BLV音乐学习的主要挑战;(2)克服音乐学习挑战的个人适应;(3)当前和未来辅助技术的观点;(4)盲文音乐与听觉学习之间的争论;(5)人类支持音乐学习的作用。总之,这些发现概述了一条使BLV人群更容易学习音乐的途径。为此,我们描述了增强音乐交流的音频线索的机会,建议整合振动触觉反馈来帮助音乐阅读和设计技术,以支持音乐学习的独立性和相互依赖性。
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引用次数: 0
Performance and Pleasure: Exploring the Perceived Usefulness and Appeal of Physical Activity Data Visualizations with Older Adults 表现与愉悦:探索老年人身体活动数据可视化的感知有用性和吸引力
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1145/3615664
Dimitri Vargemidis, K. Gerling, V. Abeele, L. Geurts
Wearable activity trackers hold the promise of making older adults aware of their levels of physical activity (PA), encouraging them to remain or become physically active. However, little is known about older adults’ preferences regarding data visualizations of PA, which is of concern as many of the currently implemented visualizations strongly emphasize performance. In our work, we present findings from a study (N = 44) in which we combined semi-structured interviews and an online survey to explore different approaches towards visualizing PA data for older adults. Through thematic analysis and statistical analysis, we highlight that visualizations’ perceived usefulness and appeal is individual and mediated by the lived experiences of late life, and that the potential of performance and pleasure can be leveraged to be complementary. On this basis, we discuss design opportunities for visualizations of PA data specifically addressing the needs of older adults from the perspective of PA in late life.
可穿戴运动追踪器有望让老年人意识到自己的身体活动水平,鼓励他们保持或变得活跃起来。然而,老年人对PA数据可视化的偏好知之甚少,这是一个值得关注的问题,因为许多目前实施的可视化都非常强调性能。在我们的工作中,我们展示了一项研究(N = 44)的结果,在这项研究中,我们结合了半结构化访谈和在线调查,探索了将老年人PA数据可视化的不同方法。通过主题分析和统计分析,我们强调可视化的感知有用性和吸引力是个体的,并受到晚年生活经验的调节,并且可以利用性能和愉悦的潜力来互补。在此基础上,我们从老年PA的角度讨论了PA数据可视化的设计机会,特别是针对老年人的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Guidelines for Designing Social Networking Sites for Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Thematic Synthesis 老年人社交网站设计指南:主题综合的系统综述
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1145/3615662
Amira Ghenai, Philips Ayeni, Jing Yu, Robin R. Cohen, Karyn Moffatt
Social networking site (SNS) inaccessibility remains a barrier for many older adults. Increasingly, research has sought to address these shortcomings with recommendations for design. However, commercial uptake of these findings remains limited, in part, due to the scattering of recommendations across publications, heterogeneity in the SNS systems and features examined, and a lack of sensitivity within the existing guidelines to the heterogeneity of the target demographic. To counter these challenges, we conducted a systematic review following a thematic synthesis approach of 25 empirical studies on SNS design recommendations for older adults. From these, we synthesized a cohesive set of ten distinct design recommendations. These include ensuring an easy-to-use interface, improving social connection features, ensuring personal privacy, and introducing customized features and personalized content. In synthesizing the results, particular care was taken to capture the ways in which population diversity moderates recommendations. The results of this review can serve as a resource for designers and practitioners working on inclusive SNS for older adults. They also highlight the need for additional research into understanding user diversity in relation to SNS accessibility.
无法访问社交网站对许多老年人来说仍然是一个障碍。越来越多的研究试图通过设计建议来解决这些缺点。然而,这些发现在商业上的应用仍然有限,部分原因是出版物中的建议分散,SNS系统和检查特征的异质性,以及现有指南对目标人口的异质性缺乏敏感性。为了应对这些挑战,我们采用主题综合方法对25项关于老年人社交网站设计建议的实证研究进行了系统回顾。从这些内容中,我们合成了一组有凝聚力的10个不同的设计建议。其中包括确保易于使用的界面、改进社交连接功能、确保个人隐私以及引入自定义功能和个性化内容。在综合结果时,特别注意捕捉到人口多样性对建议的影响。本综述的结果可以作为设计师和从业者为老年人包容性社交网络工作的资源。他们还强调需要进一步研究了解用户多样性与SNS可访问性的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Special Issue on ASSETS’21 asset ' 21特刊简介
IF 2.4 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1145/3605947
João Guerreiro
I am pleased to present three articles that are extended versions of conference papers presented at the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS’21). Authors of accepted full papers were invited to submit a proposal of an extended version to be submitted to TACCESS, of which a subset submitted a manuscript for consideration. All papers submitted underwent a full review process for ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS). The guest editor for this issue is João Guerreiro (LASIGE, University of Lisbon, Portugal). The guest editor thanks the authors for their excellent submissions and also thanks all of the journal reviewers who contributed their time and expertise to this process. The first article, “The Design and Prototyping of an App to Teach Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities to Empower Them Against Abuse” presents the design and prototyping of Recognize, an app that empowers adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities to independently learn about abuse. The findings suggest Recognize as a viable solution, and the authors discuss the implications for the deployment of future versions of Recognize or similar applications. The second article, “Understanding the Usages, Life-Cycle, and Opportunities of Screen Readers’ Plugins” investigates the usage of screen reader plugins, focusing on why and how these plugins are used. The findings showcase a variety of reasons for using plugins, as well as challenges and opportunities – e.g., the authors recommend a plugin-based distribution model, benefiting from a community-driven repository. The third article, “How the Alt Text Gets Made: What Roles and Processes of Alt Text Creation Can Teach Us About Inclusive Imagery” presents a study of image accessibility production practices in a company. The findings provide insights into four different types of alt-text production processes. The authors discuss its implications for future research and changes to production processes.
我很高兴地介绍三篇文章,它们是在第22届国际ACM SIGACCESS计算机和可访问性会议(ASSETS ' 21)上发表的会议论文的扩展版本。被接受的论文全文的作者被邀请提交一份扩展版本的提案提交给TACCESS,其中一个子集提交了一份手稿供审议。所有提交的论文都经过了ACM可访问计算汇刊(TACCESS)的全面审查过程。本期的客座编辑是jo o Guerreiro(葡萄牙里斯本大学LASIGE)。特邀编辑感谢作者们出色的投稿,也感谢所有在此过程中贡献时间和专业知识的期刊审稿人。第一篇文章,“教有智力和发育障碍的成年人抵抗虐待的应用程序的设计和原型”介绍了recognition的设计和原型,这是一款让有智力和发育障碍的成年人独立学习虐待的应用程序。研究结果表明,识别是一种可行的解决方案,作者讨论了未来版本的识别或类似应用程序部署的含义。第二篇文章“了解屏幕阅读器插件的用法、生命周期和机会”调查了屏幕阅读器插件的用法,重点介绍了为什么使用这些插件以及如何使用这些插件。研究结果展示了使用插件的各种原因,以及挑战和机遇——例如,作者推荐基于插件的发行模型,受益于社区驱动的存储库。第三篇文章“Alt文本是如何制作的:Alt文本创作的角色和过程可以教会我们关于包容性图像”,展示了对一家公司图像可访问性生产实践的研究。这些发现提供了对四种不同类型的替代文本生产过程的见解。作者讨论了其对未来研究和生产过程变化的影响。
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ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing
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