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Sales & operations planning: case study on the engineer-to -order production model in the entertainment industry 销售与运营计划:娱乐行业工程师到订单生产模式的案例研究
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.016
Luciana de Oliveira Pedra Romão, Luis Felipe Scavarda, M. Seeling
Goal: This article characterizes the application of the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process in an audiovisual content production industry, whose production model is Engineer-To-Order (ETO), adding important empirical knowledge for S&OP in this production strategy within a unique context.   Design / Methodology / Approach: The methodology adopted is based on an exploratory case study. The research adopts a well-known framework to characterize the process observed within the company.  Results: The findings characterize the S&OP process based on the main components of the context, inputs, structure and process and outcomes / results, demonstrating that, even with the particularities of the industry, S&OP can be a key process to manage the business complexity and to achieve the objectives by the company.  Limitations of the investigation: This study was based on the observations made in only one company, which is a research limitation towards the generalizability of the findings. Thus, for a deeper understanding of the theme, future research is necessary, expanding the observations to other companies.  Practical implications: Practitioners can take stock of the S&OP characterization and the lessons learned herein to help to support their S&OP initiatives, especially regarding ETO contexts.  Originality / Value: This article sought to reduce the research-practice gap in the literature concerning the need for a complete characterization of the S&OP process from empirical researches and the understanding of S&OP application in the ETO production model.
目标:本文描述了销售和运营计划(S&OP)过程在视听内容生产行业中的应用,其生产模式是工程师到订单(ETO),在独特的背景下为这种生产策略中的S&OP增加了重要的经验知识。设计/方法/方法:采用的方法是基于一个探索性的案例研究。本研究采用了一个众所周知的框架来描述公司内部观察到的过程。结果:研究结果基于上下文、输入、结构和过程以及结果/结果的主要组成部分对S&OP过程进行了表征,表明即使具有行业的特殊性,S&OP也可以成为公司管理业务复杂性和实现目标的关键过程。调查的局限性:本研究仅基于对一家公司的观察,这是对研究结果的普遍性的研究局限性。因此,为了更深入地理解这一主题,未来的研究是必要的,将观察范围扩大到其他公司。实际含义:从业者可以对S&OP特征和在此学到的经验教训进行评估,以帮助支持他们的S&OP计划,特别是关于ETO上下文。原创性/价值:本文试图缩小文献研究与实践的差距,即需要从实证研究中完整地表征S&OP过程,以及理解S&OP在ETO生产模型中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on logistics performance, economic growth and tourism industry of Thailand: an empirical forecasting using ARIMA 新冠肺炎疫情对泰国物流绩效、经济增长和旅游业的影响:基于ARIMA的实证预测
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.001
L. Janjua, F. Muhammad, Patthaphon Sukjai, A. Rehman, Zhang Yu
Goal: The tourism sector always plays a vital role among other sectors, which contributes heavily to Thailand’s GDP. Due to the recent Pandemic crises, the tourism industry worldwide faces a decline. The aim of writing this paper is to forecast, tourist inflow for Thailand for the next nine months by using ARIMA forecasting Design / Methodology / Approach: In order to meet the study objective, we adopted the univariate time series forecasting of tourist arrival. The AR(12) and MA(12) process with d(1) order to specify the appropriate model also applied for forecasting selection of international tourist arrivals, after diagnostic checking of series through correlogram Q-statistics and correlogram of residuals for adjusted ARIMA (12,1,12) in which we found low residual against 70 lags. Results: The evidence predicts that in the next nine months, Thailand will face significant negative zone arrival of international tourists due to the COVID-19 pandemic crises, which adversely affect Thailand’s economy due to the shortfall of international tourist arrivals. However decline in tourist arrival will eventually decrease air pollution in Thailand, thus it positively impact on environmental quality. Limitations of the investigation: In terms of limitation of this study, this forecasting is only valid for Thailand based on historical and current data. Practical implications: We highly recommend government of Thailand for enchasing overall logistics performance and furthermore increase use to renewable energy and green performance in their tourism sector. Originality / Value: This study provides tourism forecasting estimation for Thailand, which can help government to reshape their tourism policies due to Covid-19 pandemic crises. As this study is the first attempt to provide forecasting related with Covid-19 for tourism sector. © 2021, Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao. All rights reserved.
目标:旅游业在其他行业中一直扮演着至关重要的角色,对泰国的国内生产总值贡献巨大。由于最近的大流行危机,全球旅游业面临衰退。本文的目的是利用ARIMA预测设计/方法/方法来预测未来九个月泰国的游客流入。为了达到研究目的,我们采用了单变量时间序列预测游客到达。AR(12)和MA(12)过程与d(1)顺序指定适当的模型也适用于预测国际游客数量的选择,在通过相关图q统计和残差相关图对调整后的ARIMA(12,1,12)进行序列诊断检查后,我们发现残差对70滞后较低。结果:有证据预测,在未来9个月,由于新冠肺炎大流行危机,泰国将面临明显的国际游客负区到达,这将导致国际游客数量不足,对泰国经济产生不利影响。然而,游客数量的减少最终会减少泰国的空气污染,从而对环境质量产生积极影响。调查的局限性:就本研究的局限性而言,该预测仅对泰国有效,基于历史和当前数据。实际意义:我们强烈建议泰国政府提高整体物流绩效,并进一步提高旅游部门对可再生能源和绿色绩效的使用。独创性/价值:本研究为泰国提供旅游预测估计,可以帮助政府在Covid-19大流行危机下重塑其旅游政策。由于本研究是首次尝试为旅游业提供与Covid-19相关的预测。©2021,Associacao Brasileira de engharia de Producao。版权所有。
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引用次数: 11
Implications of Industry 4.0 to companies performance: a comparison between Brazil and Germany 工业4.0对公司绩效的影响:巴西和德国的比较
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.009
Paulo Henrique Brunheroto, Dagmar Piotr Tomanek, F. Deschamps
Goal: The present paper aims to investigate what are the main implications of Industry 4.0 technologies for production management. Design / Methodology / Approach: The study was carried out through a survey with companies of the metal-mechanic and automotive industry of the Curitiba Metropolitan Region (Brazil) and of the Upper Bavaria Region (Germany) in order to determine the overall implementation level of technologies commonly associated with Industry 4.0 and their respective impacts to operations performance objectives. Results: The results reveal that the overall implementation and improvement levels of the Industry 4.0 technologies is higher in Germany than in Brazil. Regarding the technologies, the Internet of Things presented one of the highest overall improvement levels for both regions, showing that the adoption of these technology could bring significant improvements for all performance objectives. Limitations of the investigation: The results obtained with the present research refer only to the scenario of Curitiba and Metropolitan Region and the Upper Bavaria Region, more specifically from the companies of the metal-mechanic and automotive sectors and may differ from other sectors or regions. Practical implications: From this research, companies that are willing to invest in new technologies can find a starting point to understand the benefits that they can possibly achieve based on results obtained from companies that have already adopted the technologies in Brazil and Germany. Originality / Value: Studies that formally discuss the implications of the Industry 4.0 technologies for production management are lacking. Most studies focus excessively on the technologies without approaching their impact on management systems.
目的:本文旨在探讨工业4.0技术对生产管理的主要影响。设计/方法/方法:本研究通过对库里蒂巴大都会区(巴西)和上巴伐利亚地区(德国)的金属机械和汽车工业公司进行调查,以确定通常与工业4.0相关的技术的总体实施水平及其各自对运营绩效目标的影响。结果:结果显示,德国工业4.0技术的整体实施和提升水平高于巴西。在技术方面,物联网在这两个地区的整体改进水平都是最高的,这表明采用这些技术可以为所有绩效目标带来显著改善。调查的局限性:本研究的结果仅涉及库里蒂巴和大都会地区以及上巴伐利亚地区的情况,更具体地说,来自金属机械和汽车行业的公司,可能与其他行业或地区有所不同。实际意义:从这项研究中,愿意投资新技术的公司可以找到一个起点,了解他们可能根据巴西和德国已经采用该技术的公司获得的结果获得的利益。原创性/价值:缺乏正式讨论工业4.0技术对生产管理影响的研究。大多数研究过度关注技术,而没有探讨它们对管理系统的影响。
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引用次数: 6
Job, career or calling: a qualitative exploration of the meaning of work among Brazilian undergraduate architecture students 工作,职业或职业:对巴西建筑系本科生工作意义的定性探索
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.002
Pedro Grillo, Daniel Pereira de Almeira, Édison Renato Silva
Goal: To explore the relationship between different motivations and expectations and attributed meanings of work: as a job, career or calling. Design / Methodology / Approach: A survey with 82 undergraduate architecture and urbanism students was carried out, using with two seminal meaning of work questionnaires. Results were analyzed qualitatively. Results: (i) It is viable to analyze work as a job, career or calling; (ii) most of the interviewees (90%) faces work as something more than a job; (iii) It was shown that each subgroup has different motivations; (iv) It was also demonstrated that this subject is perceived as of great relevance for young people. Limitations of the investigation: Samples (size and subgroup) and qualitative analyses of the results were the major limitations. Therefore, bigger samples and different interviewees could increase validity of results. Practical implications: For organizations, the human resources department could add strategies about work perception on the employee hiring process. For individuals, the awareness of multiple meanings of work could be helpful in changing personal insights that influence careers and wellness. Originality / Value: The paper brings unprecedent approach and has some contributions to the field, such as: questionnaires translations and their use combined for the first time, besides the sample choice, which has also never been addressed before with this approach.
目的:探讨不同动机和期望与工作的归属意义之间的关系:作为一份工作,职业或职业。设计/方法/方法:对82名建筑学和城市学本科生进行了调查,使用了两个具有开创性意义的工作问卷。对结果进行定性分析。结果:(i)将工作作为工作、职业或职业来分析是可行的;(ii)大部分受访者(90%)认为工作不只是一份工作;结果表明,每一小组都有不同的动机;还表明,这个问题被认为与青年人非常相关。调查的局限性:样本(大小和亚组)和结果的定性分析是主要的局限性。因此,更大的样本和不同的受访者可以增加结果的效度。实践启示:对于组织来说,人力资源部门可以在员工招聘过程中增加关于工作感知的策略。对于个人来说,意识到工作的多重意义可能有助于改变影响职业和健康的个人见解。原创性/价值:本文带来了前所未有的方法,并对该领域做出了一些贡献,例如:问卷的翻译和使用第一次结合,除了样本的选择,这也是以前从未解决过的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Economic evaluation of hazard control technology in a wet process cement plant 湿法水泥厂危害控制技术的经济评价
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.005
O. O. Akinyemi, H. O. Adeyemi, Adeshinaayomi Lawal Akintan, M. Sulaiman, A. O. Sadiq, O. Folorunsho
Goal:  Retrofit technology has been suggested for the reduction of CO2 emission in cement manufacturing but the economic justification of this retrofit technology is rarely or not available. This research study aimed to evaluate the beneficial value of retrofit technology aimed at reducing CO2 emission in a wet process cement plant. Design / Methodology / Approach: Engineering Economic and cost estimation techniques were used to evaluate the overall annual cost of combination of retrofit technology. The overall annual cost of retrofit technology was determined in terms of capital cost, operation and maintenance cost and energy cost savings of retrofit. Results: The best strategy to reduce CO2 emission is the combination of adjustable speed drive for kiln; kiln drive efficiency improvement for kiln and process control and management system for kiln at 6% reduction target, giving a cost savings of $520,836 on retrofit for 10years and 1.41% reduction in total cost. Limitations of the investigation: Getting adequate plant data in Nigeria was a constraint during the research. Practical implications:  The results presented if implemented by Cement plant operators will ensure reduction in the CO2 emission and government can enforce Cement plant operators to adhere to strict environmental and safety regulations while litigations and sanctions can be employed to implements this policy. Originality / Value:  The study established economic justification of retrofit technology for CO2 emission reduction before eventual implementation.
目标:改造技术已被建议用于减少水泥制造中的二氧化碳排放,但这种改造技术的经济理由很少或根本没有。本研究旨在评估湿法水泥厂减少二氧化碳排放的改造技术的有益价值。设计/方法/方法:工程经济和成本估算技术被用于评估改造技术组合的总体年度成本。改造技术的总体年度成本是根据改造的资本成本、运行维护成本和节能成本来确定的。结果:减少CO2排放的最佳策略是结合窑炉调速驱动;窑炉驱动效率的提高,窑炉过程控制和管理系统的降低目标为6%,在10年的改造中节省成本520,836美元,总成本降低1.41%。调查的局限性:在尼日利亚获得足够的植物数据是研究过程中的一个限制。实际意义:如果水泥厂运营商实施,所呈现的结果将确保减少二氧化碳排放,政府可以强制水泥厂运营商遵守严格的环境和安全法规,同时可以采用诉讼和制裁来实施这一政策。原创性/价值:该研究在最终实施之前建立了二氧化碳减排改造技术的经济合理性。
{"title":"Economic evaluation of hazard control technology in a wet process cement plant","authors":"O. O. Akinyemi, H. O. Adeyemi, Adeshinaayomi Lawal Akintan, M. Sulaiman, A. O. Sadiq, O. Folorunsho","doi":"10.14488/BJOPM.2021.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14488/BJOPM.2021.005","url":null,"abstract":"Goal:  Retrofit technology has been suggested for the reduction of CO2 emission in cement manufacturing but the economic justification of this retrofit technology is rarely or not available. This research study aimed to evaluate the beneficial value of retrofit technology aimed at reducing CO2 emission in a wet process cement plant. \u0000Design / Methodology / Approach: Engineering Economic and cost estimation techniques were used to evaluate the overall annual cost of combination of retrofit technology. The overall annual cost of retrofit technology was determined in terms of capital cost, operation and maintenance cost and energy cost savings of retrofit. \u0000Results: The best strategy to reduce CO2 emission is the combination of adjustable speed drive for kiln; kiln drive efficiency improvement for kiln and process control and management system for kiln at 6% reduction target, giving a cost savings of $520,836 on retrofit for 10years and 1.41% reduction in total cost. \u0000Limitations of the investigation: Getting adequate plant data in Nigeria was a constraint during the research. \u0000Practical implications:  The results presented if implemented by Cement plant operators will ensure reduction in the CO2 emission and government can enforce Cement plant operators to adhere to strict environmental and safety regulations while litigations and sanctions can be employed to implements this policy. \u0000Originality / Value:  The study established economic justification of retrofit technology for CO2 emission reduction before eventual implementation.","PeriodicalId":54139,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management","volume":"87 17 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90752521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Influence of artificial intelligence on public employment and its impact on politics: a systematic literature review 人工智能对公共就业的影响及其对政治的影响:系统的文献综述
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.010
João Reis, Paula Espírito Santo, N. Melão
Goal: Public administration is constantly changing in response to new challenges, including the implementation of new technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). This new dynamic has caught the attention of political leaders who are finding ways to restrain or regulate AI in public services, but also of scholars who are raising legitimate concerns about its impacts on public employment. In light of the above, the aim of this research is to analyze the influence of AI on public employment and the ways politics are reacting. Design/Methodology/Approach: We have performed a systematic literature review to disclose the state-of-the-art and to find new avenues for future research. Results: The results indicate that public services require four kinds of intelligence – mechanical, analytical, intuitive, and empathetic – albeit, with much less expression than in private services. Limitations of the investigation: This systematic review provides a snapshot of the influence of AI on public employment. Thus, our research does not cover the whole body of knowledge, but it presents a holistic understanding of the phenomenon. Practical implications: As private companies are typically more advanced in the implementation of AI technologies, the for-profit sector may provide significant contributions in the way states can leverage public services through the deployment of AI technologies. Originality/Value: This article highlights the need for states to create the necessary conditions to legislate and regulate key technological advances, which, in our opinion, has been done, but at a very slow pace.
目标:公共行政不断变化,以应对新的挑战,包括机器人和人工智能(AI)等新技术的实施。这种新的动态引起了政治领导人的注意,他们正在寻找限制或监管公共服务领域人工智能的方法,但也引起了学者们的注意,他们对人工智能对公共就业的影响提出了合理的担忧。鉴于上述,本研究的目的是分析人工智能对公共就业的影响以及政治的反应方式。设计/方法/方法:我们进行了系统的文献综述,以揭示最新的技术,并为未来的研究找到新的途径。结果:结果表明,公共服务需要四种智能——机械智能、分析智能、直觉智能和移情智能——尽管与私人服务相比,这种智能的表达要少得多。调查的局限性:这一系统综述提供了人工智能对公共就业影响的快照。因此,我们的研究并没有涵盖整个知识体系,但它呈现了对这一现象的整体理解。实际影响:由于私营公司在实施人工智能技术方面通常更先进,因此营利性部门可能会在各州通过部署人工智能技术来利用公共服务的方式上做出重大贡献。原创性/价值:这篇文章强调了各国需要创造必要的条件来立法和规范关键的技术进步,在我们看来,这已经完成了,但速度非常缓慢。
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引用次数: 5
Application of costing methods: a case study in a retailer in the Triângulo Mineiro 成本核算方法的应用:以三区一家零售商为例
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.006
A. Solon, F. Araújo, Flavia Brito Araújo
Goal: The aim of this article is to show the importance of applying costing methods to increase the contribution margin and decision-making, besides helping the company to become more competitive against competitors. Design / Methodology / Approach: This study carried out a case study of a quantitative nature, based on bibliographic works. He employed a semi-structured interview. The Direct / Variable Costing method was used to recognize points that could be improved. In addition, the data was organized into spreadsheets in the Office package. Results: The results of the survey show at the end of the action survey that the company chose to outsource the raw material from its second item of highest revenue: cheese bread. With the change, the item increased its contribution margin by 30.16% and reduced costs by 77.98%, increasing the company's profit, reducing the product's equilibrium point from 54.14% to 4.14% of average daily production. Limitations of the research: As limitations of the study, we highlight that the company passed on the already established costs for some products, so the costs were calculated considering this percentage. Practical Implications: Its practical implications are to demonstrate the importance of the relationship between costs and sales price as a decision-making strategy. Originality / Value: The study contributes to the academic area and adds knowledge related to costs and sales price for the bakery sector, being useful for users and interested in the bakery sector and its costs.
目的:这篇文章的目的是显示应用成本核算方法的重要性,以增加贡献边际和决策,除了帮助公司变得更具竞争力的竞争对手。设计/方法/方法:本研究在书目的基础上进行了一个定量的案例研究。他采用了半结构化的面试方式。采用直接/可变成本法确定可以改进的点。此外,数据被组织到Office软件包中的电子表格中。结果:调查结果显示,在行动调查结束时,该公司选择外包其第二项收入最高的原材料:奶酪面包。该项目的贡献边际提高了30.16%,成本降低了77.98%,增加了公司的利润,产品的平衡点从平均日产量的54.14%降低到4.14%。研究的局限性:作为研究的局限性,我们强调公司转嫁了一些产品已经建立的成本,所以成本是考虑这个百分比计算的。实际意义:其实际意义是证明成本和销售价格之间的关系作为决策策略的重要性。原创性/价值:该研究为学术领域做出了贡献,并为烘焙行业增加了与成本和销售价格相关的知识,对用户和对烘焙行业及其成本感兴趣的用户有用。
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引用次数: 0
Systematic literature review: opportunities and trends to the post-outbreak period of COVID-19 系统文献综述:COVID-19疫情后时期的机遇与趋势
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.030
B. Tokarz, E. Kohlbeck, F. H. Beuren, A. B. Fagundes, D. Pereira
Goal: The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review to identify opportunities to minimize Covid-19 impacts on businesses. Design / Methodology / Approach: The methodology used corresponds to a literature systematic review, covering bibliometric and content analysis. For this purpose, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was employed in the literature search. In total, 98 papers were selected to compose the bibliometric analysis, of which 14 are within the scope of the investigation (content analysis). Results: Bibliometric results present a grouping of keywords, authors' co-citation network, geographic distribution of publications and main journals. In the content analysis, trends for post-pandemic economy are pointed out, unveiling guidelines and opportunities to ensure the resilience of business proposals. Limitations of the investigation: The conclusions present limitations inherent to literature review papers, where filters are used to limit the search. In this work, the research was restricted to articles, published between 2015 and 2020 and written in English. Practical implications: This article proposes perspectives to react in a resilient way in the post-Pandemic period of Covid-19, in order to guarantee the permanence and competitiveness of the companies in the market. Originality / Value: Product-Service Systems and Circular Economy were found to be related to the trends and opportunities identified for the short-future economy. © 2021, Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao. All rights reserved.
目标:本研究的目的是进行系统的文献综述,以确定将Covid-19对企业的影响降到最低的机会。设计/方法/方法:使用的方法对应于文献系统综述,涵盖文献计量学和内容分析。为此,在文献检索中采用了系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)。共选取了98篇论文进行文献计量分析,其中14篇论文属于调查范围(内容分析)。结果:文献计量结果显示了关键词分组、作者共被引网络、出版物地理分布和主要期刊。在内容分析中,指出了大流行后经济的趋势,揭示了确保商业提案具有弹性的指导方针和机会。调查的局限性:结论存在文献综述论文固有的局限性,其中使用过滤器来限制搜索。在这项工作中,研究仅限于2015年至2020年间发表的英文文章。实际意义:本文提出了在Covid-19大流行后时期以弹性方式应对的观点,以保证公司在市场上的持久性和竞争力。原创性/价值:产品服务系统和循环经济被发现与短期未来经济的趋势和机会有关。©2021,Associacao Brasileira de engharia de Producao。版权所有。
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引用次数: 7
COVID-19 and the fragility of Brazilian small farming resilience 2019冠状病毒病与巴西小农复原力的脆弱性
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.027
Alessandra Bellas, M. C. Cordeiro, Luan Santos, Luís Marujo
Goal: The paper aims to investigate the insights of the resilience mechanisms of Brazilian small farms facing COVID-19. Design / Methodology / Approach: The research path involves three cases studies: two small but relevant producers of fruit and vegetable and a cooperative of family farmers in Rio de Janeiro through semi-structured interviews and concept maps. We also made data triangulation using literature review. Results: We observed that the main challenges for resilience in agro business are: 1) tight budgets and difficulty in accessing credit, 2) Many producers are in an informal fiscal situation, 3) Lack of human resources, 4) Low-technology methods, 5) Difficulty in adding value to “raw” products. Besides, we have also identified a dangerous reduction in federal investments in family farming incentive programs in recent years, which may have worsened the weaknesses of these businesses in the face of COVID-19 Limitations of the investigation: Since this is a qualitative study for preliminary investigation of the topic through mental models, the sample of focal respondents was small (three cases). Practical implications: This study enables the analysis of the Brazilian small farms challenges to survive in times of growing uncertainty. Originality / Value: This research lays the foundations for future research to explore the underlying theory and practice involved, with the aim of creating resilient local supply chains. © 2021, Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao. All rights reserved.
目的:本文旨在探讨巴西小农场面对COVID-19的抵御能力机制。设计/方法/途径:研究路径包括三个案例研究:通过半结构化访谈和概念图进行的两个小型但相关的水果和蔬菜生产商和里约热内卢的一个家庭农民合作社。我们还采用文献回顾法对数据进行三角剖分。结果:我们观察到农业企业弹性的主要挑战是:1)预算紧张和难以获得信贷,2)许多生产者处于非正式的财政状况,3)缺乏人力资源,4)低技术方法,5)“原始”产品增值困难。此外,我们还发现,近年来联邦政府对家庭农业激励计划的投资出现了危险的减少,这可能加剧了这些企业在COVID-19面前的弱点。调查的局限性:由于这是一项通过心理模型对该主题进行初步调查的定性研究,因此重点受访者的样本很小(三个案例)。实际意义:本研究能够分析巴西小农场在不确定性日益增加的时代面临的生存挑战。原创性/价值:本研究为未来的研究奠定了基础,以探索所涉及的潜在理论和实践,目的是创建有弹性的本地供应链。©2021,Associacao Brasileira de engharia de Producao。版权所有。
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引用次数: 3
A multi-objective scheduling algorithm for multi-mode resource constrained projects in the presence of uncertain resource availability 资源可用性不确定情况下多模式资源约束项目的多目标调度算法
IF 1.1 Q3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.14488/BJOPM.2021.007
Pouya Mehrdad, Aidin Delgoshaei, Ahad Ali
Goal: The issue of resource allocation is a major concern for project engineers in the scheduling process of a project. Resources over-allocation are often seen in practice after the scheduling of a project, which makes scheduling unhelpful. Modifying an over-allocated schedule is very complicated and requires a lot of effort and time. Besides, during the scheduling process of resource-constrained projects in the constructing companies, managers should concern more than one objective at the same time. This research aims to propose a new heuristic algorithm for minimizing project completion time, cost or maximizing quality of execution of activities simultaneously while multi-mode activities are taken into consideration. Design / Methodology / Approach: In this research, a new heuristic method is proposed for solving multi-objective scheduling problem for multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problems (MRCPSPs) where the aim is maximizing the net present value (NPV) of project, minimize completion time and maximize the quality of executing activities simultaneously and along with emerging the uncertainty of resources availability and activity durations. The proposed method is then coded by Matlab® 2016. Results: The outcomes of solving small, medium and large scale case studies, the following results achieved: (i) the algorithm could solve all problems in different circumstances with no difficulties; (ii) the large scale problems (with 200 activities, 20 resources and 3 execution modes for each activity) could be solved in 4.43 seconds. (iii) in none of the studied cases over-allocation problem. The proposed method can be considered among the fastest scheduling algorithms found in the literature. In addition, it is found that makespan, NPV and quality have co-relation must be taken into consideration during the scheduling process. Limitations of the investigation: The main limitations of this research is that it only covers resource constrained project scheduling. Moreover, risk factors associated with the objectives of this research have yet to be addressed in future research studies. Practical implications: The performance of the algorithm is validated by using 24 series of dataset that are found in the literature. In order to verify its performance in real practice, it has been applied for a part of a construction project in Malaysia. The outcomes indicated that the algorithm scheduled the problem with 23 activities, 5 constrained resources and 2 execution modes in less than a second and with no over-allocations. The proposed multi-objective algorithm allows the project managers to consider NPV, completion time and quality of activities while scheduling a multi-mode project. In practice, this algorithm can provide a better atmosphere for managers while they aim to consider more than one objective during the scheduling process. Originality / Value: The proposed algorithm is original and can be of great value for future studies
目标:资源分配问题是项目工程师在项目调度过程中主要关心的问题。在实践中,资源的过度分配经常出现在项目调度之后,这使得调度没有帮助。修改一个过度分配的时间表是非常复杂的,需要大量的精力和时间。此外,在施工公司资源受限项目的调度过程中,管理者需要同时关注多个目标。本研究旨在提出一种新的启发式算法,在考虑多模式活动的情况下,最小化项目完成时间、成本或最大化活动同时执行的质量。设计/方法/方法:针对多模式资源约束项目调度问题(MRCPSPs),提出了一种新的启发式方法来解决多目标调度问题,该问题的目标是最大化项目的净现值(NPV),最小化完成时间和最大化同时执行活动的质量,同时出现了资源可用性和活动持续时间的不确定性。然后用Matlab®2016对所提出的方法进行编码。结果:解决小型、中型和大型案例研究的结果,取得了以下结果:(i)该算法可以无困难地解决不同情况下的所有问题;(ii)大规模问题(200个活动,20个资源,每个活动3种执行模式)可以在4.43秒内解决。(iii)在所有研究个案中,均没有超量分配的问题。该方法可以被认为是文献中最快的调度算法之一。此外,还发现最大完工时间、净现值和质量三者之间存在相关关系,必须在调度过程中加以考虑。调查的局限性:本研究的主要局限性是它只涵盖了资源受限的项目调度。此外,与本研究目标相关的风险因素在未来的研究中还有待解决。实际意义:通过使用文献中发现的24个系列数据集来验证算法的性能。为了验证其在实际应用中的性能,已将其应用于马来西亚某建筑项目的一部分。结果表明,该算法在不到1秒的时间内调度了23个活动、5个受限资源和2种执行模式的问题,并且没有过度分配。提出的多目标算法允许项目经理在调度多模式项目时考虑NPV、完成时间和活动质量。在实践中,该算法可以为管理者在调度过程中考虑多个目标提供更好的氛围。独创性/价值:提出的算法具有独创性,对于未来的研究和管理者在多目标多模式资源约束项目调度过程中防止资源过度分配具有重要价值。此外,它可以帮助项目经理更快、更准确地为复杂的多目标资源约束项目找到接近最优的解决方案。
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Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management
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