Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1215/15366936-10220458
R. Kuokkanen
In the nineteenth-century prairies, the buffalo was nearly exterminated as the result of the European economic and ecological invasion. Today in Scandinavia, reindeer are being threatened by the renewable energy transition, also known as the Green Shift. The Green Shift has led to an explosion of the wind industry in many countries, including Norway. Many of the onshore wind development projects have been built in areas central to reindeer herding. This article asks whether reindeer have become the new buffalo that are being sacrificed in the race to build green energies. It considers the view of reindeer herding as a vanishing livelihood and the pervasive colonial discourse of manifest destiny, which sees Indigenous peoples as disappearing in the process of natural selection and progress. The article also examines the Feminist Green New Deal (FGND) as an example of a policy framework calling for a broader intersectional approach that places race, unequal relations of power, and Indigenous rights at the heart of policy making. It considers whether the FGND is able to tackle and engage with the trajectories of settler colonialism, including manifest destiny and green colonialism. The article focuses specifically on Norway for its leading role in the energy transition and wind energy development in the Nordic countries.
{"title":"Are Reindeer the New Buffalo?","authors":"R. Kuokkanen","doi":"10.1215/15366936-10220458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15366936-10220458","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the nineteenth-century prairies, the buffalo was nearly exterminated as the result of the European economic and ecological invasion. Today in Scandinavia, reindeer are being threatened by the renewable energy transition, also known as the Green Shift. The Green Shift has led to an explosion of the wind industry in many countries, including Norway. Many of the onshore wind development projects have been built in areas central to reindeer herding. This article asks whether reindeer have become the new buffalo that are being sacrificed in the race to build green energies. It considers the view of reindeer herding as a vanishing livelihood and the pervasive colonial discourse of manifest destiny, which sees Indigenous peoples as disappearing in the process of natural selection and progress. The article also examines the Feminist Green New Deal (FGND) as an example of a policy framework calling for a broader intersectional approach that places race, unequal relations of power, and Indigenous rights at the heart of policy making. It considers whether the FGND is able to tackle and engage with the trajectories of settler colonialism, including manifest destiny and green colonialism. The article focuses specifically on Norway for its leading role in the energy transition and wind energy development in the Nordic countries.","PeriodicalId":54178,"journal":{"name":"Meridians-Feminism Race Transnationalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89461968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1215/15366936-10220469
Chandra Frank
This essay draws on the feminist and queer organization Flamboyant, the first and only nationwide Black and migrant women–run meeting place, active in the 1980s in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After five years, the collective was forced to leave their space due to a lack of funding and burnout. The organization was named after the tropical flamboyant tree (Delonix regia), which according to the founders “has not been tamed and would prefer to die instead of shrinking in the Dutch living room.” I argue that this metaphorical mission statement is an articulation of wildness that rejects Dutch colonial expectations of integration and order. Flamboyant’s refusal to be tamed eventually led to the demise of the only archive run by Black women and women of color. This essay firmly situates Flamboyant within a Black and women of color (WOC) European scholarly and activist experience. Drawing on archival materials and geographical reflections of place, I demonstrate how the loss of Dutch feminist and queer of color spaces and archives are embedded within transnational feminist genealogies of mourning.
{"title":"Flamboyant","authors":"Chandra Frank","doi":"10.1215/15366936-10220469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15366936-10220469","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay draws on the feminist and queer organization Flamboyant, the first and only nationwide Black and migrant women–run meeting place, active in the 1980s in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After five years, the collective was forced to leave their space due to a lack of funding and burnout. The organization was named after the tropical flamboyant tree (Delonix regia), which according to the founders “has not been tamed and would prefer to die instead of shrinking in the Dutch living room.” I argue that this metaphorical mission statement is an articulation of wildness that rejects Dutch colonial expectations of integration and order. Flamboyant’s refusal to be tamed eventually led to the demise of the only archive run by Black women and women of color. This essay firmly situates Flamboyant within a Black and women of color (WOC) European scholarly and activist experience. Drawing on archival materials and geographical reflections of place, I demonstrate how the loss of Dutch feminist and queer of color spaces and archives are embedded within transnational feminist genealogies of mourning.","PeriodicalId":54178,"journal":{"name":"Meridians-Feminism Race Transnationalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83099880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1215/15366936-10221089
{"title":"2023 Paula J. Giddings Best Article Award","authors":"","doi":"10.1215/15366936-10221089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15366936-10221089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54178,"journal":{"name":"Meridians-Feminism Race Transnationalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88176566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1215/15366936-10220524
Amey Victoria Adkins-Jones
This essay analyzes Christiaen van Couwenbergh’s The Rape of the Negress (1632). The author argues the image as theological artifact, capturing the emergence of a white colonial gaze and the Dutch state concern of Christian piety as an emerging colonial power. The article reviews the context of the image and the art reception history that resisted naming it an image of rape. The author juxtaposes the painting with a Marian statue hidden and thus saved from the Dutch iconoclasm—now one of the most famous Black Madonnas in Europe—to locate theologically the process of colonial unseeing and the refusal to name Black female flesh as sacred. She rereads these visual artifacts through the question of iconicity, and claim these images as sites of Black feminist fugitivity and resistance.
{"title":"Couwenbergh’s The Rape of the Negress","authors":"Amey Victoria Adkins-Jones","doi":"10.1215/15366936-10220524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15366936-10220524","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay analyzes Christiaen van Couwenbergh’s The Rape of the Negress (1632). The author argues the image as theological artifact, capturing the emergence of a white colonial gaze and the Dutch state concern of Christian piety as an emerging colonial power. The article reviews the context of the image and the art reception history that resisted naming it an image of rape. The author juxtaposes the painting with a Marian statue hidden and thus saved from the Dutch iconoclasm—now one of the most famous Black Madonnas in Europe—to locate theologically the process of colonial unseeing and the refusal to name Black female flesh as sacred. She rereads these visual artifacts through the question of iconicity, and claim these images as sites of Black feminist fugitivity and resistance.","PeriodicalId":54178,"journal":{"name":"Meridians-Feminism Race Transnationalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76956424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1215/15366936-10220502
L. Gordillo
This essay first analyzes the construction of a “Muslim Woman Other” as a particular social reality through the dissemination of academic and media discourses, militarization of the border, and the implementation of immigration policies and practices that allow “for the normalization of exclusionary practices,” which the Nijmegen school calls a process of “B/Ordering as Ordering and Othering.” Second, it positions porteadoras’ deaths and risks to their health within the political and the religious order; Muslim Moroccan women operate within strong religious and cultural spaces that dominate their everyday lives. The concept of “bordering and ordering” through “Othering” helps frame the Nador/Melilla border as the site where the “Muslim Woman Other” is constructed either as a de facto trope of victimhood in need of saving or as a national threat transgressing the management and ordering of the border and in need of violent discipline. The militarization of the Nador/Melilla border and implementation of immigration laws have served as major justifications to covertly exploit and cheapen the labor of Moroccan Muslim working-class women through globalized free market economies that erode welfare policies while supporting the free exchange of consumer goods.
{"title":"Gendering the Nador/Melilla Border","authors":"L. Gordillo","doi":"10.1215/15366936-10220502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15366936-10220502","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay first analyzes the construction of a “Muslim Woman Other” as a particular social reality through the dissemination of academic and media discourses, militarization of the border, and the implementation of immigration policies and practices that allow “for the normalization of exclusionary practices,” which the Nijmegen school calls a process of “B/Ordering as Ordering and Othering.” Second, it positions porteadoras’ deaths and risks to their health within the political and the religious order; Muslim Moroccan women operate within strong religious and cultural spaces that dominate their everyday lives. The concept of “bordering and ordering” through “Othering” helps frame the Nador/Melilla border as the site where the “Muslim Woman Other” is constructed either as a de facto trope of victimhood in need of saving or as a national threat transgressing the management and ordering of the border and in need of violent discipline. The militarization of the Nador/Melilla border and implementation of immigration laws have served as major justifications to covertly exploit and cheapen the labor of Moroccan Muslim working-class women through globalized free market economies that erode welfare policies while supporting the free exchange of consumer goods.","PeriodicalId":54178,"journal":{"name":"Meridians-Feminism Race Transnationalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76408100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1215/15366936-10220436
Ginetta E. B. Candelario
{"title":"Editor’s Introduction","authors":"Ginetta E. B. Candelario","doi":"10.1215/15366936-10220436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15366936-10220436","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54178,"journal":{"name":"Meridians-Feminism Race Transnationalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135671936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1215/15366936-10220491
A. Emejulu, Francesca Sobande
Abstract:In this article we examine how intersectional vulnerabilities are experienced and made sense of by women of color activists in Europe. We name intersectional vulnerabilities as a broad, sometimes contradictory, set of emotions, all tied to activists’ complex experiences of insecurity and community. Intersectional vulnerabilities are those risks and rewards, derived from women of color activists’ positioning in relation to race, class, gender, sexuality, disability, and legal status, which shape the possibilities of women of color’s activist labor. These vulnerabilities are Janus-faced, in that they are experienced as social harms that oftentimes lead to community. Our article grapples with the bittersweetness of vulnerability and how the banality of harms meted out to women of color nevertheless contains the seeds of resistance, solidarity, and self-love.
{"title":"Intersectional Vulnerabilities and the Banality of Harm: The Dangerous Desires of Women of Color Activists","authors":"A. Emejulu, Francesca Sobande","doi":"10.1215/15366936-10220491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15366936-10220491","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article we examine how intersectional vulnerabilities are experienced and made sense of by women of color activists in Europe. We name intersectional vulnerabilities as a broad, sometimes contradictory, set of emotions, all tied to activists’ complex experiences of insecurity and community. Intersectional vulnerabilities are those risks and rewards, derived from women of color activists’ positioning in relation to race, class, gender, sexuality, disability, and legal status, which shape the possibilities of women of color’s activist labor. These vulnerabilities are Janus-faced, in that they are experienced as social harms that oftentimes lead to community. Our article grapples with the bittersweetness of vulnerability and how the banality of harms meted out to women of color nevertheless contains the seeds of resistance, solidarity, and self-love.","PeriodicalId":54178,"journal":{"name":"Meridians-Feminism Race Transnationalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41808380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1215/15366936-10220546
O. Diallo, Jasmine Kelekay, Maimuna Abdullahi, L. Sawyer
Can counter-archiving be a form of social care? This essay is a dialogue on this topic among four Afro-Nordic feminists writing to each other in the form of letters over a five-month period during 2021. Using an explorative and intuitive practice informed by Black feminist thought, the authors dive into the archives of their families and of the communities that they relate to and are part of as a way to communicate how and why they approach counter-archiving. Black diasporic contributions to Nordic histories are widely erased, silenced, and forgotten, both in the past and present, which is why the authors write them into being. The aim of the essay is to communicate some of the specificities of living and negotiating a Black feminist life in the Nordics. The authors also want to inscribe the Nordics into the Black European archive. The following themes are used to organize the dialogue: 1) positionalities and contexts; 2) Multigenerational legacies: silences, gifts, stories, 3) Counter-Archiving (as) mobilization, transformation, refusal, 4) Imagining otherwise: letter writing as a practice of care. Finally, we argue that counter-archiving through letter-writing dialogue can be a pleasurable, caring, and collective form of knowledge creation that transgresses traditional academic forms.
{"title":"Writing Letters as Counter-Archiving","authors":"O. Diallo, Jasmine Kelekay, Maimuna Abdullahi, L. Sawyer","doi":"10.1215/15366936-10220546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15366936-10220546","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Can counter-archiving be a form of social care? This essay is a dialogue on this topic among four Afro-Nordic feminists writing to each other in the form of letters over a five-month period during 2021. Using an explorative and intuitive practice informed by Black feminist thought, the authors dive into the archives of their families and of the communities that they relate to and are part of as a way to communicate how and why they approach counter-archiving. Black diasporic contributions to Nordic histories are widely erased, silenced, and forgotten, both in the past and present, which is why the authors write them into being. The aim of the essay is to communicate some of the specificities of living and negotiating a Black feminist life in the Nordics. The authors also want to inscribe the Nordics into the Black European archive. The following themes are used to organize the dialogue: 1) positionalities and contexts; 2) Multigenerational legacies: silences, gifts, stories, 3) Counter-Archiving (as) mobilization, transformation, refusal, 4) Imagining otherwise: letter writing as a practice of care. Finally, we argue that counter-archiving through letter-writing dialogue can be a pleasurable, caring, and collective form of knowledge creation that transgresses traditional academic forms.","PeriodicalId":54178,"journal":{"name":"Meridians-Feminism Race Transnationalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81831132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1215/15366936-10220480
Paulina de los Reyes, Diana Mulinari
This article explores how young women born in Sweden, or arriving in Sweden as toddlers, who belong to the Latin American diaspora give meaning to and act on their experiences of being the daughters of migrant mothers, whose political activism shapes their views and practices of mothering and migration. The analysis is inspired by feminist/antiracist methodologies and consists of eight in-depth interviews with young adult women, all of them daughters of political refugees who came to Sweden to escape persecution by the military dictatorships in Latin America in the late 1970s. The interviews are combined with two focus groups that took place in the two largest Swedish cities. The category we will bring to light is that of the daughters; adults now, aged between thirty and forty-five (six of them mothers themselves). The central question in this article is what perceptions of mothering can be articulated from the perspective of daughters of Latin American migrant mothers, in a context where memories of political persecution and exile and experiences of institutional and everyday racism shape the conditions of motherwork for both the migrant mothers and their daughters.
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