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Form data as a resource in architectural analysis: an architectural distant reading of wooden churches from the Carpathian Mountain regions of Eastern Europe 作为建筑分析资源的形式数据:东欧喀尔巴阡山地区木制教堂的建筑远读
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2023.2201281
Michael Hasey, Jinmo Rhee, Daniel Cardoso Llach
ABSTRACT Recent research into architectural form analysis using deep learning (DL) methods has shown potential to identify features from large collections of building data, shedding new light into formal aspects of our built environment. As these methods begin to enter architectural, urban, and policy design contexts, it becomes important to develop critical approaches to employing them. In this paper, we document and reflect upon our efforts to create a custom dataset of 3-D models of 331 wooden churches located within the Carpathian Mountains of Eastern Europe, and to use DL methods to explore this dataset with the goal of revealing unexpected formal traits and advancing architectural scholarship on this subject. While existing scholarship groups them into four distinct stylistic categories, our analysis reveals stylistic overlaps, previously undetected micro styles, and shared architectural features. We posit the resulting analyses as an example of an ‘architectural distant reading’ that enriches our understanding of this architectural typology through an unprecedentedly detailed portrait of its formal characteristics based on a large architectural dataset. Crucially, drawing on recent developments in critical data and algorithm studies, we show how the dataset construction and subsequent analyses, and their results, were shaped by slow, manual data curation processes, methodological constraints, subjective decisions, and engagements with archives, domain experts. We thus illustrate how DL techniques might be contextualized for architectural studies in relation to other modes of knowledge and labour, and offer a detailed case study of state-of-the-art computational methods enriching established approaches to architectural form and historical analysis.
最近使用深度学习(DL)方法进行建筑形式分析的研究显示出从大量建筑数据中识别特征的潜力,为我们的建筑环境的形式方面提供了新的视角。随着这些方法开始进入建筑、城市和政策设计环境,开发使用它们的关键方法变得非常重要。在本文中,我们记录并反思了我们为创建位于东欧喀尔巴阡山脉的331座木制教堂的3d模型定制数据集所做的努力,并使用深度学习方法来探索该数据集,目的是揭示意想不到的形式特征,并推进该主题的建筑学术研究。虽然现有的学者将它们分为四种不同的风格类别,但我们的分析揭示了风格重叠、以前未被发现的微风格和共享的建筑特征。我们将结果分析作为“建筑远读”的一个例子,通过基于大型建筑数据集对其形式特征进行前所未有的详细描述,丰富了我们对这种建筑类型的理解。至关重要的是,根据关键数据和算法研究的最新进展,我们展示了数据集构建和后续分析及其结果是如何受到缓慢的手动数据管理过程、方法约束、主观决策以及与档案、领域专家的合作的影响。因此,我们说明了DL技术如何与其他知识和劳动模式相关联,用于建筑研究,并提供了一个详细的案例研究,其中最先进的计算方法丰富了建筑形式和历史分析的既定方法。
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引用次数: 0
Critical computational relations in design, architecture and the built environment: editorial 设计、建筑和建筑环境中的关键计算关系:社论
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2023.2228296
Yana Boeva, Vernelle A. A. Noel
ABSTRACT Computation in design, architecture and the built environment, and its practices, methods, and tools frequently offer ‘neutral’ and ‘optimized’ techno-solutions to (social) design problems. Such a portrayal of these computational infrastructures as neutral solutions that open participation in design hides the social, political, and environmental entanglements involved in their creation and expansion. This special issue spotlights power relations between computational practices, technology infrastructures, knowledge, and their reproductions of bias at multiple scales.
摘要设计、建筑和建筑环境中的计算及其实践、方法和工具经常为(社会)设计问题提供“中立”和“优化”的技术解决方案。将这些计算基础设施描述为中立的解决方案,公开参与设计隐藏了其创建和扩展过程中涉及的社会、政治和环境纠葛。这期特刊聚焦于计算实践、技术基础设施、知识之间的权力关系,以及它们在多个尺度上对偏见的复制。
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引用次数: 0
Tracing (in)visibilising practices: engaging with simulations for architecture and spatial planning 跟踪可视化实践:参与建筑和空间规划的模拟
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2023.2200762
Esther Dessewffy, Andrea Schikowitz, S. Davies
ABSTRACT Using ethnographic vignettes from the development of simulations for architectural design and spatial planning in university contexts, this article discusses how the material, embodied, and tacit dimensions of developing and doing research with simulations can be opened up to analysis. We ask how (in)visibility comes to matter in simulations and how it is made and unmade in different situations. In particular, we explore how specific enactments of the things that are simulated and the practices involved in producing and handling them are rendered (in)visible through the simulation process. We argue that focusing on the politics of (in)visibility in making simulations can render power relations underpinning architectural and spatial planning practices more apparent.
摘要利用大学背景下建筑设计和空间规划模拟发展过程中的民族志小插曲,本文讨论了如何打开模拟发展和研究的材料、体现和隐含维度进行分析。我们询问可见性在模拟中是如何产生的,以及在不同情况下是如何产生和取消的。特别是,我们探索了如何在模拟过程中使模拟事物的具体实施以及生产和处理它们所涉及的实践可见。我们认为,在进行模拟时,关注可见性的政治可以使支撑建筑和空间规划实践的权力关系更加明显。
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引用次数: 0
We build this city on rocks and (feminist) code: hacking corporate computational designs of cities to come 我们在岩石和(女权主义)代码上建设这座城市:破解未来城市的企业计算设计
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2023.2205406
Maja-Lee Voigt
ABSTRACT Cities have long become interspaces, entangled in materialities and virtual worlds. However, as urban automation advances in cities increasingly made ‘smarter’, everyday processes are often controlled by oppressive standards hardcoded into technologies. Publicly neutralized as ‘objective’, corporately owned algorithmic architectures now function as urban gatekeepers. They determine social participation, possibilities of space appropriation on- and offline, and access to (social) infrastructures. Following five months of qualitative research on hacking and other tech-practices by German-speaking cyberfeminist collectives in 2021, my paper portrays their refusal of black-boxed, profitable, and biased technologies of classification. I argue that feminist hackspaces are important urban co-creators in digitized cities to come. They offer infrastructures to increase access to interfaces, (cyber-)spaces, and decision-making processes by sharing their tech-knowledge and tools. Their activism demonstrates how (urban) hacking is a crucial practice to break with non-democratically controlled digitalization processes: in favour of a city for all.
长久以来,城市已经成为一个空间,被物质世界和虚拟世界所纠缠。然而,随着城市自动化的进步,城市变得越来越“智能”,日常流程往往受到硬编码到技术中的压迫性标准的控制。作为“客观”的公开中立,公司拥有的算法架构现在起着城市守门人的作用。它们决定了社会参与、线上和线下空间占用的可能性,以及(社会)基础设施的使用。在对2021年讲德语的网络女权主义团体的黑客攻击和其他技术实践进行了五个月的定性研究之后,我的论文描绘了他们对黑盒、有利可图和有偏见的分类技术的拒绝。我认为女权主义的黑客空间是未来数字化城市重要的城市共同创造者。他们提供基础设施,通过分享他们的技术知识和工具来增加对接口、(网络)空间和决策过程的访问。他们的行动表明,(城市)黑客攻击是打破非民主控制的数字化进程的关键做法,有利于建设一个人人共享的城市。
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引用次数: 0
Techno-optimism and optimization in media architecture practice and theory 媒介建筑实践与理论中的技术乐观与优化
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2023.2200770
Selena Savić
ABSTRACT Media architecture community systematically explores the potentials of computation and digital media to intervene in form-finding, fabrication of buildings and urban data collection processes. Combining social media topic modelling techniques with the review of media architecture-related literature, I discuss methods to locate the media architecture community in social media, conduct initial discourse analysis and pursue a deeper investigation of the topics addressed by community. In the literature, media architecture is presented as an interactive set of technologies for a participative public life. And yet, while a dynamic facade increases possibilities for participation and creative expression, it also facilitates reframing participation as a technical problem. I position optimization and efficiency in media architecture discourse as a form of optimism and offer insights into its political implications. I propose to rethink the shortcut between optimism and optimization by tracing conceptual and professional relations that inform media architecture.
媒体建筑社区系统地探索了计算和数字媒体在建筑形态发现、制造和城市数据收集过程中的干预潜力。将社交媒体主题建模技术与媒体架构相关文献的回顾相结合,我讨论了在社交媒体中定位媒体架构社区的方法,进行了初步的话语分析,并对社区所涉及的主题进行了更深入的调查。在文献中,媒体架构被描述为一组互动的技术,用于参与式的公共生活。然而,尽管动态的外表增加了参与和创造性表达的可能性,但它也有助于将参与重新定义为一个技术问题。我将媒体架构话语中的优化和效率定位为一种乐观主义形式,并对其政治含义提供见解。我建议通过追踪媒体架构中的概念和专业关系,重新思考乐观主义和优化之间的捷径。
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引用次数: 0
The role of virtual reality technology in conceptual design: positioning, applications, and value 虚拟现实技术在概念设计中的作用:定位、应用和价值
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2023.2166080
Ning Zou, Qing Gong, Qing Chai, Chunlei Chai
ABSTRACT Virtual reality (VR) is a popular information technology in design and manufacturing. In the conceptual design stage, VR has been proved to be an auxiliary tool with great potential. However, the development of VR in the conceptual design has not been systematically investigated. This study conducted a review of the application of VR in the conceptual design stage on design activities and cognitive needs in recent 18 years. This study proposed a framework of design activities and cognitive needs in the conceptual design stage based on the design information cycle model. The technical characteristics are analysed and role of VR in each phase of conceptual design is discussed. Then the principle and application value in developments of VR technology for conceptual design are analysed. Finally, the research directions and application scheme of VR in conceptual design in the future are discussed.
虚拟现实(VR)是一种流行于设计和制造业的信息技术。在概念设计阶段,VR已被证明是一种极具潜力的辅助工具。然而,虚拟现实在概念设计中的发展尚未得到系统的研究。本研究回顾了近18年来VR在概念设计阶段对设计活动和认知需求的应用。本研究基于设计信息循环模型,提出了概念设计阶段的设计活动和认知需求框架。分析了虚拟现实的技术特点,并讨论了虚拟现实在概念设计各个阶段的作用。然后分析了概念设计中虚拟现实技术的原理及其在概念设计中的应用价值。最后,对虚拟现实在概念设计中的研究方向和应用方案进行了展望。
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引用次数: 3
Uses and abuses of User-Centered Design: literature review and proposal of a tool for evaluating ethics in the design of mobile applications 以用户为中心的设计的使用和滥用:文献综述和一个评估移动应用程序设计中的道德的工具的建议
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2023.2165107
Clara Palomar-Garcia, Ariadna Fernández-Planells, C. S. Domenjó
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to study the implications and ethical variables of User-Centered Design (UCD) methods in the design of mobile applications. We carried out a review of the literature on ethics in User-Centered Design within the field of mobile applications. We studied three disciplines that are applied in the design of mobile applications and that include UCD in their definition: Human–Computer Interaction, User Experience, and Design for Behavior Change. The analysis has allowed us, firstly, to identify different ethical approaches to applying UCD, and secondly, to propose a new tool for analyzing the ethical implications of UCD taking into account two variables: alignment with the user’s interests and will, and the type of influence the design generates. This paper shows that UCD methods are not always used for the benefit of the user, and asserts the ethical responsibility of design processes involving how users interact with mobile technologies as well as the importance of media education so that citizens become technologically responsible.
摘要本文的目的是研究以用户为中心的设计方法在移动应用程序设计中的含义和道德变量。我们对移动应用领域中以用户为中心的设计中的伦理文献进行了回顾。我们研究了三个应用于移动应用程序设计的学科,并将UCD纳入其定义:人机交互、用户体验和行为改变设计。该分析使我们能够,首先,确定应用UCD的不同道德方法,其次,提出一种新的工具来分析UCD的道德含义,同时考虑两个变量:与用户的兴趣和意愿的一致性,以及设计产生的影响类型。本文表明,UCD方法并不总是为了用户的利益而使用,并强调了设计过程的道德责任,包括用户如何与移动技术互动,以及媒体教育的重要性,以使公民对技术负责。
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引用次数: 1
Using artificial intelligence in craft education: crafting with text-to-image generative models 人工智能在工艺教育中的应用:文本-图像生成模型
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2023.2174557
Henriikka Vartiainen, M. Tedre
ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) and the automation of creative work have received little attention in craft education. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring Finnish pre-service craft teachers’ and teacher educators’ (N = 15) insights into the potential benefits and challenges of AI, particularly text-to-image generative AI. This study implemented a hands-on workshop on creative making with text-to-image generative AI in order to stimulate discourses and capture imaginaries concerning generative AI. The results revealed that making with AI inspired teachers to consider the unique nature of crafts as well as the tensions and tradeoffs of adopting generative AI in craft practices. The teachers identified concerns in data-driven design, including algorithmic bias, copyright violations and black-boxing creativity, as well as in power relationships, hybrid influencing and behaviour engineering. The article concludes with a discussion of the complicated relationships the results uncovered between creative making and generative AI.
人工智能(AI)和创造性工作的自动化在工艺教育中很少受到关注。本研究旨在通过探索芬兰职前工艺教师和教师教育者(N = 15)对人工智能,特别是文本到图像生成人工智能的潜在好处和挑战的见解来解决这一差距。本研究实施了一个关于文本到图像生成人工智能的创造性制作的实践研讨会,以激发关于生成人工智能的话语和捕捉想象。结果显示,用人工智能制作激发了教师们考虑手工艺的独特性,以及在手工艺实践中采用生成式人工智能的紧张和权衡。教师们指出了数据驱动型设计中的问题,包括算法偏见、侵犯版权和黑箱创意,以及权力关系、混合影响和行为工程。文章最后讨论了创造性制作和生成式人工智能之间的复杂关系。
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引用次数: 20
Digital prototyping, open design, and sustainability in industrial design education: a case study 工业设计教育中的数字原型、开放设计和可持续性:一个案例研究
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-12-26 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2022.2159445
Elif Kucuksayrac
ABSTRACT This study investigates digital prototyping in undergraduate industrial education through a case study of two pilot projects and a new elective and project-based course. It explores the literature on digital prototyping, open design, and sustainability, analyses student projects through the case study, and discusses the findings in relation to the literature review. In the study, two frameworks are suggested that aim to guide digital prototyping education in the industrial design field. The first framework aims to frame the content, and the second seeks to frame the context for the student projects. The first framework focuses on the relationship between the completeness of the products when they meet the users, the level of users’ design skills, and possible user-intervention types to the product. The second framework focuses on environmental and economic sustainability, considering the benefits and risks of four possible scenarios according to the user-engagement type.
摘要本研究通过两个试点项目和一门新的选修课和基于项目的课程的案例研究,调查了工业教育本科生中的数字原型设计。它探索了关于数字原型、开放设计和可持续性的文献,通过案例研究分析了学生项目,并讨论了与文献综述相关的发现。在研究中,提出了两个框架,旨在指导工业设计领域的数字原型教育。第一个框架旨在构建内容,第二个框架旨在为学生项目构建背景。第一个框架侧重于产品与用户见面时的完整性、用户的设计技能水平以及可能的用户对产品的干预类型之间的关系。第二个框架侧重于环境和经济可持续性,根据用户参与类型考虑了四种可能场景的好处和风险。
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引用次数: 0
A psychological perspective on the sociotechnical enablers of knowledge worker digital creativity 从心理学角度看知识型员工数字创造力的社会技术推动因素
IF 1.1 4区 艺术学 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/14626268.2022.2141261
Anna-Maija Nisula, Sanna Heinänen, A. Kianto, Ilona Toth, K. Blomqvist
ABSTRACT While the work realm moves toward digital environments, the antecedents of knowledge worker digital creativity remain poorly understood. This study investigated the digital work environment as a sociotechnical environment and contextual enhancer of knowledge worker digital creativity. We proposed a research model that links perceived organizational support, sense of virtual community and digital creativity. Furthermore, we proposed an indirect moderation model suggesting that the relationship between organizational support and digital creativity is moderated by the sense of virtual community that, in turn, is facilitated by technology ease of use. We tested the model with data collected from platform knowledge workers (N = 159) using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that organizational support positively relates to digital creativity, and that the sense of virtual community moderates the effect of organizational support for digital creativity, whereas technology ease of use facilitates a sense of virtual community.
当工作领域走向数字环境时,知识工作者数字创造力的起源仍然知之甚少。本研究调查了数字工作环境作为社会技术环境和情境增强器对知识工作者数字创造力的影响。我们提出了一个组织支持感、虚拟社区感和数字创造力之间关系的研究模型。此外,我们提出了一个间接调节模型,表明组织支持和数字创造力之间的关系受到虚拟社区意识的调节,而虚拟社区意识反过来又受到技术易用性的促进。我们使用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)对从平台知识工作者(N = 159)收集的数据进行了测试。结果表明,组织支持与数字创造力正相关,虚拟社区感调节组织支持对数字创造力的影响,而技术易用性促进虚拟社区感。
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引用次数: 0
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DIGITAL CREATIVITY
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