Abstract Research into religion and international relations (RIR) has come incredibly far in the decades since 9/11. However, a tension remains in this research program, as neopositivist scholars simultaneously argue religion both has an independent effect on and interacts with international politics. This has raised critiques of religion’s importance. Relational work in international relations—inspired by scholars such as Bourdieu, LaTour, and Tilly—provides a means to overcome this obstacle. While some works on RIR have drawn on this tradition, it has yet to be systematized. In this review article, I discuss three recent books that highlight both the limits of the current approach to RIR and the potential to move it forward by drawing on relational analyses. I also provide guidelines for adjusting future work in this research program.
{"title":"Reassembling the Social in the Study of Religion and International Relations","authors":"Peter S Henne","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research into religion and international relations (RIR) has come incredibly far in the decades since 9/11. However, a tension remains in this research program, as neopositivist scholars simultaneously argue religion both has an independent effect on and interacts with international politics. This has raised critiques of religion’s importance. Relational work in international relations—inspired by scholars such as Bourdieu, LaTour, and Tilly—provides a means to overcome this obstacle. While some works on RIR have drawn on this tradition, it has yet to be systematized. In this review article, I discuss three recent books that highlight both the limits of the current approach to RIR and the potential to move it forward by drawing on relational analyses. I also provide guidelines for adjusting future work in this research program.","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136085166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Complex Social Ontology of International Law on War","authors":"S. Regilme","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79022187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligence services are important sites of contestation, often the foci of reform and calls for greater transparency. Yet, while growing attention has been paid to intersectionality, gender equality reform, and progress in other areas of international affairs, little of this same transparency and attention has been paid to diversity in the intelligence sector. This paper seeks to bridge the gap, comprising a systematic review of the literature on diversity in the intelligence sector to improve our understanding of what is known and what can be known about the history and current make-up of the intelligence sector—and those who “do intelligence work”. By identifying strengths and gaps in the literature and setting an agenda for future research within these “secret institutions”, this paper argues that the lack of transparency, data, and knowledge on the interplay of gender, race, and sexuality, among other aspects of diversity in intelligence, is deeply troubling. It hampers our knowledge of how the sector may be “gendered” or otherwise experienced, as well as how this particular area of the security sector may or may not be integrating gender and other perspectives into their work. This paper finds that diversity in the intelligence and national security sectors is both an asset and a liability to be managed. Diversity is seen as a source of intelligence gathering and analysis strength, as well as a potential threat to hegemonic masculinity in intelligence practice. Further, language and processes for promoting diversity in intelligence can reinforce stereotyped knowledge of marginalized groups that ultimately hamper calls for greater representation, diversity, inclusion, access, and opportunities in the intelligence sector.
{"title":"Classified and Secret: Understanding the Literature on Diversity in the Intelligence Sector","authors":"Elise Stephenson, S. Rimmer","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Intelligence services are important sites of contestation, often the foci of reform and calls for greater transparency. Yet, while growing attention has been paid to intersectionality, gender equality reform, and progress in other areas of international affairs, little of this same transparency and attention has been paid to diversity in the intelligence sector. This paper seeks to bridge the gap, comprising a systematic review of the literature on diversity in the intelligence sector to improve our understanding of what is known and what can be known about the history and current make-up of the intelligence sector—and those who “do intelligence work”. By identifying strengths and gaps in the literature and setting an agenda for future research within these “secret institutions”, this paper argues that the lack of transparency, data, and knowledge on the interplay of gender, race, and sexuality, among other aspects of diversity in intelligence, is deeply troubling. It hampers our knowledge of how the sector may be “gendered” or otherwise experienced, as well as how this particular area of the security sector may or may not be integrating gender and other perspectives into their work. This paper finds that diversity in the intelligence and national security sectors is both an asset and a liability to be managed. Diversity is seen as a source of intelligence gathering and analysis strength, as well as a potential threat to hegemonic masculinity in intelligence practice. Further, language and processes for promoting diversity in intelligence can reinforce stereotyped knowledge of marginalized groups that ultimately hamper calls for greater representation, diversity, inclusion, access, and opportunities in the intelligence sector.","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75405528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Power and Irrelevance: The Future of Transnational NGOs","authors":"Ş. Bahçecik","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"12377 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88623052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Human Rights for Pragmatists: Social Power in Modern Times Get access Snyder Jack. Human Rights for Pragmatists: Social Power in Modern Times. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2022. 328 pp., $32 Anthony Chase Anthony Chase Professor of International Relations in the Department of Political Science at Columbia University, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Studies Review, Volume 25, Issue 3, September 2023, viad027, https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad027 Published: 06 July 2023 Article history Received: 20 March 2023 Corrected and typeset: 06 July 2023 Published: 06 July 2023
{"title":"Human Rights for Pragmatists: Social Power in Modern Times","authors":"Jack Snyder","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad027","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Human Rights for Pragmatists: Social Power in Modern Times Get access Snyder Jack. Human Rights for Pragmatists: Social Power in Modern Times. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2022. 328 pp., $32 Anthony Chase Anthony Chase Professor of International Relations in the Department of Political Science at Columbia University, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Studies Review, Volume 25, Issue 3, September 2023, viad027, https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad027 Published: 06 July 2023 Article history Received: 20 March 2023 Corrected and typeset: 06 July 2023 Published: 06 July 2023","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136044763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Human Rights for Pragmatists: Social Power in Modern Times","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136084992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikaela Luttrell-Rowland, Mariana Prandini Assis, Puleng Segalo, Nasser Afkar, Agnes Ikasilon, Aline Sifa Mulibinge, Alphonsine Apendeki, Ayo Ayoola-Amale, Bantar Samuela Rinyu, Beatrice Sharon Ochongo, Bridget Sharon Mukade, Christelle Bay Chongwain, Constance Mushayi, Florence Munteh Chea, Gillian Chinzete, Jennet Nfoh, Jennifer Yarima, Kabirat Abdulrazaq, Kaltume Abubakar, Leymah Gbowee, Limpho Matlakala, Lineo Matlakala, Makhotso Kalake, Mamello Makhele, Margaret Sedziafa, Martha Mutisi, Mary Juan, Mazahir Ali Hassan, Mercy Osei-Konadu, Michelle Fine, Muibat Abdulrazaq, Nuria Abdi, Omima Alfadil, Racheal Kavata, Rasha Abubaker, Riya Williams Yuyada, Rose Faida, Ruth Ochieng, Seya wa Mwilambwe, Susy Auma, Sylvia Katooko, Tatenda Madziro, Varna Joseph Abdalla Zaki
Abstract This paper features the process whereby an experimental Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) program fostered a critical learning community around peace and security across 13 countries and with 40 women. It addresses the epistemological questions of doing research in collective ways (with and among activists/scholars), the axiological challenge of recognizing and embracing counter-expertise, and the possibilities for incorporating values and practices of care as well as non-extractivism in producing and disseminating knowledge. By articulating the core ethical principles that emerged from this experience, the paper suggests a critical feminist epistemological commitment in taking seriously grassroots women's knowledge in peace and security processes, rather than what is often done in both policy and academy: prescribing their needs from above, interpreting their knowledge from the outside, and advising what problems to tackle and how to live.
{"title":"Feminist Commitments Towards a Horizontal Women, Peace, and Security Critical Learning Community","authors":"Mikaela Luttrell-Rowland, Mariana Prandini Assis, Puleng Segalo, Nasser Afkar, Agnes Ikasilon, Aline Sifa Mulibinge, Alphonsine Apendeki, Ayo Ayoola-Amale, Bantar Samuela Rinyu, Beatrice Sharon Ochongo, Bridget Sharon Mukade, Christelle Bay Chongwain, Constance Mushayi, Florence Munteh Chea, Gillian Chinzete, Jennet Nfoh, Jennifer Yarima, Kabirat Abdulrazaq, Kaltume Abubakar, Leymah Gbowee, Limpho Matlakala, Lineo Matlakala, Makhotso Kalake, Mamello Makhele, Margaret Sedziafa, Martha Mutisi, Mary Juan, Mazahir Ali Hassan, Mercy Osei-Konadu, Michelle Fine, Muibat Abdulrazaq, Nuria Abdi, Omima Alfadil, Racheal Kavata, Rasha Abubaker, Riya Williams Yuyada, Rose Faida, Ruth Ochieng, Seya wa Mwilambwe, Susy Auma, Sylvia Katooko, Tatenda Madziro, Varna Joseph Abdalla Zaki","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper features the process whereby an experimental Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) program fostered a critical learning community around peace and security across 13 countries and with 40 women. It addresses the epistemological questions of doing research in collective ways (with and among activists/scholars), the axiological challenge of recognizing and embracing counter-expertise, and the possibilities for incorporating values and practices of care as well as non-extractivism in producing and disseminating knowledge. By articulating the core ethical principles that emerged from this experience, the paper suggests a critical feminist epistemological commitment in taking seriously grassroots women's knowledge in peace and security processes, rather than what is often done in both policy and academy: prescribing their needs from above, interpreting their knowledge from the outside, and advising what problems to tackle and how to live.","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136084996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The strategy of deterrence by denial is widely used by different actors. Despite its prominence, however, the scholarship on deterrence by denial stands to be developed further. It lags behind scholarship on deterrence by punishment on two points: in identifying the conditions under which the strategy works and in examining elements affecting its adoption. Deterrence by denial also carries some conceptual ambiguity since its employment takes many significantly different forms and also because it overlaps with deterrence by punishment. Despite the emphasis in current scholarship on “inflicting costs” as a defining element of deterrence by punishment, costs arguably also play a significant role in deterrence by denial. To address these challenges, I distinguish between deterrence strategies by focusing on two main elements: the means the deterrer actor threatens to use (offensive or non-offensive) and the timing of the threatened use of these means (before or after the unwanted activity). This offers a more nuanced distinction between deterrence strategies and better encompasses the role of inflicting costs in deterrence by denial. I suggest that this research offers a useful point of departure to further theorize about deterrence by denial, and it sets a promising research agenda that is pertinent given the growing interest in deterrence by denial, especially in its application to cyber deterrence.
{"title":"Deterrence through Inflicting Costs: Between Deterrence by Punishment and Deterrence by Denial","authors":"Amir Lupovici","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The strategy of deterrence by denial is widely used by different actors. Despite its prominence, however, the scholarship on deterrence by denial stands to be developed further. It lags behind scholarship on deterrence by punishment on two points: in identifying the conditions under which the strategy works and in examining elements affecting its adoption. Deterrence by denial also carries some conceptual ambiguity since its employment takes many significantly different forms and also because it overlaps with deterrence by punishment. Despite the emphasis in current scholarship on “inflicting costs” as a defining element of deterrence by punishment, costs arguably also play a significant role in deterrence by denial. To address these challenges, I distinguish between deterrence strategies by focusing on two main elements: the means the deterrer actor threatens to use (offensive or non-offensive) and the timing of the threatened use of these means (before or after the unwanted activity). This offers a more nuanced distinction between deterrence strategies and better encompasses the role of inflicting costs in deterrence by denial. I suggest that this research offers a useful point of departure to further theorize about deterrence by denial, and it sets a promising research agenda that is pertinent given the growing interest in deterrence by denial, especially in its application to cyber deterrence.","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85205170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In many conflicts, international ceasefire monitors are deployed to mitigate future violence. Increasingly, such monitors use satellite imagery, uncrewed aerial vehicles, and other camera-equipped assets to supplement, and sometimes substitute, human monitoring efforts to document ceasefire violations. To date, we know little about when and how such technology contributes to ceasefire compliance, with scholars offering diverging assessments of the effects. Integrating scholarship on the use of remote sensing in ceasefire monitoring with theories on the causal processes underlying ceasefire monitoring, this analytical essay offers a framework to assess the contribution of remote sensing to ceasefire compliance and illustrates the empirical application of this framework by examining the most technologically advanced ceasefire monitoring mission yet deployed, the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine. Focusing on the period prior to the Russian invasion of 2022, our research finds that while the mission’s observational power was expanded, remote sensing technologies ultimately had little effect on modifying conflict party behavior or compliance. While in this case remote sensing technology minimally increased compliance, the study contributes to debates on the use of technology as a conflict management tool, and provides an assessment framework for scholars and for policymakers considering adopting technology in other monitoring contexts.
{"title":"Do Eyes in the Sky Ensure Peace on the Ground? The Uncertain Contributions of Remote Sensing to Ceasefire Compliance","authors":"Valerie Sticher, Aly Verjee","doi":"10.1093/isr/viad039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In many conflicts, international ceasefire monitors are deployed to mitigate future violence. Increasingly, such monitors use satellite imagery, uncrewed aerial vehicles, and other camera-equipped assets to supplement, and sometimes substitute, human monitoring efforts to document ceasefire violations. To date, we know little about when and how such technology contributes to ceasefire compliance, with scholars offering diverging assessments of the effects. Integrating scholarship on the use of remote sensing in ceasefire monitoring with theories on the causal processes underlying ceasefire monitoring, this analytical essay offers a framework to assess the contribution of remote sensing to ceasefire compliance and illustrates the empirical application of this framework by examining the most technologically advanced ceasefire monitoring mission yet deployed, the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine. Focusing on the period prior to the Russian invasion of 2022, our research finds that while the mission’s observational power was expanded, remote sensing technologies ultimately had little effect on modifying conflict party behavior or compliance. While in this case remote sensing technology minimally increased compliance, the study contributes to debates on the use of technology as a conflict management tool, and provides an assessment framework for scholars and for policymakers considering adopting technology in other monitoring contexts.","PeriodicalId":54206,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136084997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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