Anxiety is believed to be characterized by heightened sensitivity to threat. The behavioral-inhibition system (BIS), a risk factor for anxiety, is hypothesized to index this threat sensitivity. In the present study, we address a critical gap in the literature: Neither anxiety nor BIS have been clearly linked with behavioral measures of threat sensitivity indexed by lowered threat-related perceptual thresholds. We used psychophysical methods to precisely measure absolute perceptual thresholds for detection of threatening and neutral faces. We examined their relationships with self-reported BIS and anxious apprehension in individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders and individuals not diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Irrespective of anxiety disorder diagnosis, higher self-reported BIS and anxious apprehension were associated with reduced perceptual thresholds for threatening versus neutral stimuli, but only BIS showed a specific association after controlling for anxious apprehension. Using adaptive psychometrics, in this study, we offer key empirical evidence linking specific temperamental dimensions with perceptual indices of threat sensitivity transdiagnostically across anxiety disorders.
焦虑症的特征被认为是对威胁高度敏感。行为抑制系统（BIS）是焦虑症的一个危险因素，据推测它能反映这种威胁敏感性。在本研究中，我们填补了文献中的一个重要空白：无论是焦虑还是 BIS，都没有与威胁敏感性的行为测量指标（以降低与威胁相关的感知阈值为指标）明确联系起来。我们使用心理物理方法精确测量了检测威胁性面孔和中性面孔的绝对知觉阈值。我们研究了被诊断为焦虑症的人和未被诊断为焦虑症的人的自我报告的 BIS 和焦虑不安之间的关系。无论焦虑症诊断与否，较高的自我报告 BIS 和焦虑不安都与威胁性刺激和中性刺激的感知阈值降低有关，但在控制焦虑不安后，只有 BIS 显示出特定的关联。在本研究中，我们利用适应性心理测量法提供了关键的实证证据，证明特定的气质维度与跨焦虑症诊断的威胁敏感性知觉指数之间存在联系。
{"title":"Perceptual Thresholds for Threat Are Lowered in Anxiety: Evidence From Perceptual Psychophysics","authors":"Shannon Glasgow, Gabriella Imbriano, Sekine Ozturk, Jingwen Jin, Aprajita Mohanty","doi":"10.1177/21677026231211211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231211211","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety is believed to be characterized by heightened sensitivity to threat. The behavioral-inhibition system (BIS), a risk factor for anxiety, is hypothesized to index this threat sensitivity. In the present study, we address a critical gap in the literature: Neither anxiety nor BIS have been clearly linked with behavioral measures of threat sensitivity indexed by lowered threat-related perceptual thresholds. We used psychophysical methods to precisely measure absolute perceptual thresholds for detection of threatening and neutral faces. We examined their relationships with self-reported BIS and anxious apprehension in individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders and individuals not diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Irrespective of anxiety disorder diagnosis, higher self-reported BIS and anxious apprehension were associated with reduced perceptual thresholds for threatening versus neutral stimuli, but only BIS showed a specific association after controlling for anxious apprehension. Using adaptive psychometrics, in this study, we offer key empirical evidence linking specific temperamental dimensions with perceptual indices of threat sensitivity transdiagnostically across anxiety disorders.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1177/21677026231209331
Wendy K. Silverman, Yasmin Rey, Carla E Marin, Panagiotis Boutris, James Jaccard, Jeremy W Pettit
Extending a recent parent-mediation efficacy trial, we identified parent reinforcement and relationship behaviors as setting boundary conditions, or moderators, of youths’ anxiety outcome in 254 youths and their parents, who were randomized to (a) cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) with parent reinforcement-behavior training (CBT + Reinf), (b) CBT with parent relationship-behavior training (CBT + Relat), or (c) individual-youth CBT—a comparator control arm. Findings revealed that parents with high baseline negative-reinforcement levels and acceptance levels (i.e., above the mean) report their children as having lower anxiety at outcome when assigned to CBT + Reinf and CBT + Relat, respectively, versus CBT. No moderation effects were found for either parent positive reinforcement or parent psychological control. Implications for treating anxiety disorders and moving toward precision-treatment approaches in youths and the importance of research replication and extension are discussed.
{"title":"Boundaries on Parent Involvement in Their Child’s Anxiety Cognitive-Behavioral-Treatment Outcome: Parent Reinforcement and Relationship Behaviors Moderate Outcome","authors":"Wendy K. Silverman, Yasmin Rey, Carla E Marin, Panagiotis Boutris, James Jaccard, Jeremy W Pettit","doi":"10.1177/21677026231209331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231209331","url":null,"abstract":"Extending a recent parent-mediation efficacy trial, we identified parent reinforcement and relationship behaviors as setting boundary conditions, or moderators, of youths’ anxiety outcome in 254 youths and their parents, who were randomized to (a) cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) with parent reinforcement-behavior training (CBT + Reinf), (b) CBT with parent relationship-behavior training (CBT + Relat), or (c) individual-youth CBT—a comparator control arm. Findings revealed that parents with high baseline negative-reinforcement levels and acceptance levels (i.e., above the mean) report their children as having lower anxiety at outcome when assigned to CBT + Reinf and CBT + Relat, respectively, versus CBT. No moderation effects were found for either parent positive reinforcement or parent psychological control. Implications for treating anxiety disorders and moving toward precision-treatment approaches in youths and the importance of research replication and extension are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"170 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1177/21677026231208086
Lily Durwood, Natalie M. Gallagher, Robin Sifre, Kristina R. Olson
Some children socially transition genders by changing their pronouns (and often names, hairstyles, and clothing) from those associated with their assigned sex at birth to those associated with their gender identity. We refer to children who have socially transitioned as transgender children. Using a prospective sample of children who socially transitioned during childhood (at or before the age of 12; age of transition: M = 6.82 years), we tested whether the parent-reported internalizing symptoms of transgender children were different before versus after they socially transitioned. The children were predominantly White (70.6% White) and girls (76.5% transgender girls, 23.5% transgender boys). Their parents tended to have high levels of education (74.5% bachelor’s degree or above) and lived in families with high household incomes (62.7% with household incomes of $75,000 or above). On average, youths showed lower levels of internalizing symptoms after socially transitioning versus before, suggesting a possible mental-health benefit of these transitions.
{"title":"A Study of Parent-Reported Internalizing Symptoms in Transgender Youths Before and After Childhood Social Transitions","authors":"Lily Durwood, Natalie M. Gallagher, Robin Sifre, Kristina R. Olson","doi":"10.1177/21677026231208086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231208086","url":null,"abstract":"Some children socially transition genders by changing their pronouns (and often names, hairstyles, and clothing) from those associated with their assigned sex at birth to those associated with their gender identity. We refer to children who have socially transitioned as transgender children. Using a prospective sample of children who socially transitioned during childhood (at or before the age of 12; age of transition: M = 6.82 years), we tested whether the parent-reported internalizing symptoms of transgender children were different before versus after they socially transitioned. The children were predominantly White (70.6% White) and girls (76.5% transgender girls, 23.5% transgender boys). Their parents tended to have high levels of education (74.5% bachelor’s degree or above) and lived in families with high household incomes (62.7% with household incomes of $75,000 or above). On average, youths showed lower levels of internalizing symptoms after socially transitioning versus before, suggesting a possible mental-health benefit of these transitions.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1177/21677026231207791
Matti Vuorre, Andrew K. Przybylski
In the last 2 decades, the widespread adoption of Internet technologies has inspired concern that they have negatively affected mental health and psychological well-being. However, research on the topic is contested and hampered by methodological shortcomings, leaving the broader consequences of Internet adoption unknown. We show that the past 2 decades have seen only small and inconsistent changes in global well-being and mental health that are not suggestive of the idea that the adoption of Internet and mobile broadband is consistently linked to negative psychological outcomes. Further investigation of this topic requires transparent study of online behaviors where they occur (i.e., on online platforms). We call for increased collaborative efforts between independent scientists and the Internet-technology sector.
{"title":"Global Well-Being and Mental Health in the Internet Age","authors":"Matti Vuorre, Andrew K. Przybylski","doi":"10.1177/21677026231207791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231207791","url":null,"abstract":"In the last 2 decades, the widespread adoption of Internet technologies has inspired concern that they have negatively affected mental health and psychological well-being. However, research on the topic is contested and hampered by methodological shortcomings, leaving the broader consequences of Internet adoption unknown. We show that the past 2 decades have seen only small and inconsistent changes in global well-being and mental health that are not suggestive of the idea that the adoption of Internet and mobile broadband is consistently linked to negative psychological outcomes. Further investigation of this topic requires transparent study of online behaviors where they occur (i.e., on online platforms). We call for increased collaborative efforts between independent scientists and the Internet-technology sector.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1177/21677026231208172
Asle Hoffart, Nora Skjerdingstad, René Freichel, Alessandra C. Mansueto, S. U. Johnson, S. Epskamp, O. Ebrahimi
The dynamic interaction between depressive symptoms, mechanisms proposed in the metacognitive-therapy model, and loneliness across a 9-month period was investigated. Four data waves 2 months apart were delivered by a representative population sample of 4,361 participants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Networks were estimated using the newly developed panel graphical vector-autoregression method. In the temporal network, use of substance to cope with negative feelings or thoughts positively predicted threat monitoring and depressed mood. In turn, threat monitoring positively predicted suicidal ideation. Metacognitive beliefs that thoughts and feelings are dangerous positively predicted anhedonia. Suicidal ideation positively predicted sleep problems and worthlessness. Loneliness was positively predicted by depressed mood. In turn, more loneliness predicted more control of emotions. The findings point at the theory-derived variables, threat monitoring, beliefs that thoughts and feelings are dangerous, and use of substance to cope, as potential targets for intervention to alleviate long-term depressive symptoms.
{"title":"Depressive Symptoms and Their Mechanisms: An Investigation of Long-Term Patterns of Interaction Through a Panel-Network Approach","authors":"Asle Hoffart, Nora Skjerdingstad, René Freichel, Alessandra C. Mansueto, S. U. Johnson, S. Epskamp, O. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1177/21677026231208172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231208172","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic interaction between depressive symptoms, mechanisms proposed in the metacognitive-therapy model, and loneliness across a 9-month period was investigated. Four data waves 2 months apart were delivered by a representative population sample of 4,361 participants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Networks were estimated using the newly developed panel graphical vector-autoregression method. In the temporal network, use of substance to cope with negative feelings or thoughts positively predicted threat monitoring and depressed mood. In turn, threat monitoring positively predicted suicidal ideation. Metacognitive beliefs that thoughts and feelings are dangerous positively predicted anhedonia. Suicidal ideation positively predicted sleep problems and worthlessness. Loneliness was positively predicted by depressed mood. In turn, more loneliness predicted more control of emotions. The findings point at the theory-derived variables, threat monitoring, beliefs that thoughts and feelings are dangerous, and use of substance to cope, as potential targets for intervention to alleviate long-term depressive symptoms.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1177/21677026231195792
D. Moscovitch, Kendra White, Taylor Hudd
Do people with social anxiety (SA) benefit from positive memory retrieval that heightens self-relevant meaning? In this preregistered study, an analog sample of 255 participants with self-reported clinically significant symptoms of SA were randomly assigned to retrieve and process a positive social-autobiographical memory by focusing on either its self-relevant meaning (deep processing) or its perceptual features (superficial processing). Participants were then socially excluded and instructed to reimagine their positive memory. Analyses revealed that participants assigned to the deep processing condition experienced significantly greater improvements than participants in the superficial processing condition in positive affect, social safeness, and positive beliefs about others during initial memory retrieval and in negative and positive beliefs about the self following memory reactivation during recovery from exclusion. These novel findings highlight the potential utility of memory-based interventions for SA that work by “hooking” self-meaning onto recollections of positive interpersonal experiences that elicit feelings of social acceptance.
社交焦虑症（SA）患者是否能从提高自我相关意义的积极记忆检索中获益？在这项预先登记的研究中，255 名自述有明显临床 SA 症状的参与者被随机分配到一个模拟样本中，通过关注其自我相关意义（深度加工）或其感知特征（肤浅加工）来检索和处理积极的社交自传式记忆。然后，参与者被排除在社会之外，并被要求重新想象他们的积极记忆。分析表明，在最初的记忆检索过程中，被分配到深度加工条件下的参与者在积极情绪、社会安全感和对他人的积极信念方面，以及在从排斥中恢复记忆后重新激活时对自我的消极和积极信念方面，都比被分配到肤浅加工条件下的参与者有明显的改善。这些新发现凸显了基于记忆的自闭症干预的潜在作用，这种干预通过将自我意义 "勾连 "到对积极人际关系经历的回忆上，从而激发社会接纳感。
{"title":"Hooking the Self Onto the Past: How Positive Autobiographical Memory Retrieval Benefits People With Social Anxiety","authors":"D. Moscovitch, Kendra White, Taylor Hudd","doi":"10.1177/21677026231195792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231195792","url":null,"abstract":"Do people with social anxiety (SA) benefit from positive memory retrieval that heightens self-relevant meaning? In this preregistered study, an analog sample of 255 participants with self-reported clinically significant symptoms of SA were randomly assigned to retrieve and process a positive social-autobiographical memory by focusing on either its self-relevant meaning (deep processing) or its perceptual features (superficial processing). Participants were then socially excluded and instructed to reimagine their positive memory. Analyses revealed that participants assigned to the deep processing condition experienced significantly greater improvements than participants in the superficial processing condition in positive affect, social safeness, and positive beliefs about others during initial memory retrieval and in negative and positive beliefs about the self following memory reactivation during recovery from exclusion. These novel findings highlight the potential utility of memory-based interventions for SA that work by “hooking” self-meaning onto recollections of positive interpersonal experiences that elicit feelings of social acceptance.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1177/21677026231207845
Daniel E. Gustavson, Claire L. Morrison, Travis T. Mallard, Mariela V. Jennings, Pierre Fontanillas, Sarah L. Elson, Abraham A. Palmer, Naomi P. Friedman, Sandra Sanchez-Roige
Individual differences in self-control predict many health and life outcomes. Building on twin literature, we used genomic structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that genetic influences on executive function and impulsivity predict independent variance in mental health and other outcomes. The impulsivity factor (comprising urgency, lack of premeditation, and other facets) was only modestly genetically correlated with low executive function ( r = .13). Controlling for impulsivity, we found that low executive function was genetically associated with increased internalizing (β = 0.15), externalizing (β = 0.13), thought disorders (β = 0.38), compulsive disorders (β = 0.22), and chronotype (β = .011). Controlling for executive function, we found that impulsivity was positively genetically associated with internalizing (β = 0.36), externalizing (β = 0.55), body mass index (β = 0.26), and insomnia (β = 0.35) and negatively genetically associated with compulsive disorders (β = −0.17). Executive function and impulsivity were both genetically correlated with general cognitive ability and educational attainment. This work suggests that executive function and impulsivity are genetically separable and show independent associations with mental health.
{"title":"Executive Function and Impulsivity Predict Distinct Genetic Variance in Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, Thought Disorders, and Compulsive Disorders: A Genomic Structural Equation Modeling Study","authors":"Daniel E. Gustavson, Claire L. Morrison, Travis T. Mallard, Mariela V. Jennings, Pierre Fontanillas, Sarah L. Elson, Abraham A. Palmer, Naomi P. Friedman, Sandra Sanchez-Roige","doi":"10.1177/21677026231207845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231207845","url":null,"abstract":"Individual differences in self-control predict many health and life outcomes. Building on twin literature, we used genomic structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that genetic influences on executive function and impulsivity predict independent variance in mental health and other outcomes. The impulsivity factor (comprising urgency, lack of premeditation, and other facets) was only modestly genetically correlated with low executive function ( r = .13). Controlling for impulsivity, we found that low executive function was genetically associated with increased internalizing (β = 0.15), externalizing (β = 0.13), thought disorders (β = 0.38), compulsive disorders (β = 0.22), and chronotype (β = .011). Controlling for executive function, we found that impulsivity was positively genetically associated with internalizing (β = 0.36), externalizing (β = 0.55), body mass index (β = 0.26), and insomnia (β = 0.35) and negatively genetically associated with compulsive disorders (β = −0.17). Executive function and impulsivity were both genetically correlated with general cognitive ability and educational attainment. This work suggests that executive function and impulsivity are genetically separable and show independent associations with mental health.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":" 34","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1177/21677026231194601
Vanessa Panaite, Nathan Cohen
Much of the research on how depression affects daily emotional functioning comes from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries. In the current study, we investigated daily positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and PA and NA variability in a cross-cultural sample of adults with a depression diagnosis ( N = 2,487) and without a depression diagnosis ( N = 31,764) from six middle-income non-WEIRD countries: China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, and South Africa. Across countries, adults with depression relative to adults without depression reported higher average NA and NA variability and lower average PA but higher PA variability. Findings varied between countries. Observations are discussed within the context of new theories and evidence. Implications for current knowledge and for future efforts to grow cross-cultural and non-WEIRD affective science are discussed.
{"title":"Does Major Depression Differentially Affect Daily Affect in Adults From Six Middle-Income Countries: China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, and South Africa?","authors":"Vanessa Panaite, Nathan Cohen","doi":"10.1177/21677026231194601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231194601","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the research on how depression affects daily emotional functioning comes from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries. In the current study, we investigated daily positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and PA and NA variability in a cross-cultural sample of adults with a depression diagnosis ( N = 2,487) and without a depression diagnosis ( N = 31,764) from six middle-income non-WEIRD countries: China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, and South Africa. Across countries, adults with depression relative to adults without depression reported higher average NA and NA variability and lower average PA but higher PA variability. Findings varied between countries. Observations are discussed within the context of new theories and evidence. Implications for current knowledge and for future efforts to grow cross-cultural and non-WEIRD affective science are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"16 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1177/21677026231203662
Marlies Houben, Elise K. Kalokerinos, Peter Koval, Yasemin Erbas, Jardine Mitchell, Madeline Pe, Peter Kuppens
Emotion dysregulation is central to psychopathological conditions, including borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression. However, the nature of emotion-regulation (ER) difficulties in the daily life of people with BPD or depressive features is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to disentangle two different ER subprocesses in daily life, (a) selection of ER strategies and (b) the effectiveness of implementing strategies, in terms of their associations with subsequent emotional experience. We analyzed data from a three-wave, longitudinal, experience-sampling study of young adults with varying levels of psychopathological features ( N = 202). BPD features were uniquely linked to the use but not altered effectiveness of several putatively adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies. Depressive features were uniquely associated with the use of putatively maladaptive strategies. These findings suggest that ER deficits in people with more BPD or depressive features may be primarily located in strategy selection rather than the implementation of those strategies.
{"title":"The Association Between the Selection and Effectiveness of Emotion-Regulation Strategies and Psychopathological Features: A Daily Life Study","authors":"Marlies Houben, Elise K. Kalokerinos, Peter Koval, Yasemin Erbas, Jardine Mitchell, Madeline Pe, Peter Kuppens","doi":"10.1177/21677026231203662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231203662","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion dysregulation is central to psychopathological conditions, including borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression. However, the nature of emotion-regulation (ER) difficulties in the daily life of people with BPD or depressive features is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to disentangle two different ER subprocesses in daily life, (a) selection of ER strategies and (b) the effectiveness of implementing strategies, in terms of their associations with subsequent emotional experience. We analyzed data from a three-wave, longitudinal, experience-sampling study of young adults with varying levels of psychopathological features ( N = 202). BPD features were uniquely linked to the use but not altered effectiveness of several putatively adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies. Depressive features were uniquely associated with the use of putatively maladaptive strategies. These findings suggest that ER deficits in people with more BPD or depressive features may be primarily located in strategy selection rather than the implementation of those strategies.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"42 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136261734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1177/21677026231205270
Christopher C. Conway, Shannon E. Grogans, Allegra S. Anderson, Samiha Islam, Logan E. Craig, Jazmine Wedlock, Juyoen Hur, Kathryn A. DeYoung, Alexander J. Shackman
Elevated levels of Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality (N/NE) and, less consistently, lower levels of Extraversion/Positive Emotionality (E/PE) confer risk for pathological depression and anxiety. To date, most prospective-longitudinal research has narrowly focused on traditional diagnostic categories, creating uncertainty about the precise nature of these prospective associations. Adopting an explicitly hierarchical-dimensional approach, we examined the association between baseline variation in personality and longitudinal changes in broad and narrow internalizing-symptom dimensions in 234 emerging adults followed for 2.5 years, during the transition from older adolescence to early adulthood. N/NE was uniquely associated with increases in broadband internalizing—the core cognitive and affective symptoms that cut across the emotional disorders—and unrelated to the narrower dimensions of positive affect and anxious arousal that differentiate specific internalizing presentations. Variation in E/PE and several other Big Five traits was cross-sectionally but not prospectively related to longitudinal changes in specific internalizing symptoms. Exploratory personality-facet-level analyses provided preliminary evidence of more granular associations between personality and longitudinal changes in internalizing symptoms. These observations enhance the precision of models linking personality to internalizing illness, highlight the centrality of N/NE to increases in transdiagnostic internalizing symptoms during a key developmental chapter, and set the stage for developing more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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