Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1177/21677026231182329
Meghan J. Gangel, Rowan Kemmerly, L. Wilson, Sydney Glickson, P. Frazier, H. Tennen, Eranda Jayawickreme
Research on posttraumatic growth has been marred by the ubiquity of retrospective perceived growth assessments that lack construct validity. However, one justification for assessing perceived growth is that such perceptions may be a catalyst for subsequent change. We examined this question using a measurement-burst design in a representative midlife sample who had experienced a major negative life event in the past year (Wave 1: N = 804). Participants completed three waves of retrospective measures of perceived growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory), current-standing measures of posttraumatic growth domains, and experience-sampling assessments of state manifestations of growth-relevant domains twice a day for 3 weeks ( Nassessments = 32,099) over 6 months. In random-intercept cross-lagged panel models, perceived growth did not predict subsequent observed change in current standing or aggregated state assessments of growth. Overall, perceived growth does not appear to serve as a catalyst for positive change in the short term.
{"title":"Does Perceived Posttraumatic Growth Predict Observed Changes in Current-Standing and State Posttraumatic Growth?","authors":"Meghan J. Gangel, Rowan Kemmerly, L. Wilson, Sydney Glickson, P. Frazier, H. Tennen, Eranda Jayawickreme","doi":"10.1177/21677026231182329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231182329","url":null,"abstract":"Research on posttraumatic growth has been marred by the ubiquity of retrospective perceived growth assessments that lack construct validity. However, one justification for assessing perceived growth is that such perceptions may be a catalyst for subsequent change. We examined this question using a measurement-burst design in a representative midlife sample who had experienced a major negative life event in the past year (Wave 1: N = 804). Participants completed three waves of retrospective measures of perceived growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory), current-standing measures of posttraumatic growth domains, and experience-sampling assessments of state manifestations of growth-relevant domains twice a day for 3 weeks ( Nassessments = 32,099) over 6 months. In random-intercept cross-lagged panel models, perceived growth did not predict subsequent observed change in current standing or aggregated state assessments of growth. Overall, perceived growth does not appear to serve as a catalyst for positive change in the short term.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81556912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1177/21677026231180810
Joyce P Yang, Quyen A Do, Emily R Nhan, Jessica A Chen
COVID-19 propelled anti-Asian racism around the world; empirical research has yet to examine the phenomenology of racial trauma affecting Asian communities. Our mixed methods study of 215 Asian participants of 15 ethnicities examined experiences of racism during COVID and resulting psychological sequelae. Through qualitative content analysis, themes emerged of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes resulting from these racialized perpetrations, including: internalizing emotions of fear, sadness, and shame; negative alterations in cognitions such as reduced trust and self worth; and behavioral isolation, avoidance, and hypervigilance, in addition to positive coping actions of commitment to racial equity initiatives. We engaged in data triangulation with quantitative Mann-Whitney U tests, finding that those who experienced COVID discrimination had significantly higher racial trauma and PTSD scores compared to those who did not. Our convergent findings provide clinicians with novel ways to assess the ongoing impact of racial trauma and implement appropriate interventions for clients.
{"title":"A mixed-methods study of race-based stress and trauma affecting Asian Americans during COVID.","authors":"Joyce P Yang, Quyen A Do, Emily R Nhan, Jessica A Chen","doi":"10.1177/21677026231180810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231180810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 propelled anti-Asian racism around the world; empirical research has yet to examine the phenomenology of racial trauma affecting Asian communities. Our mixed methods study of 215 Asian participants of 15 ethnicities examined experiences of racism during COVID and resulting psychological sequelae. Through qualitative content analysis, themes emerged of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes resulting from these racialized perpetrations, including: internalizing emotions of fear, sadness, and shame; negative alterations in cognitions such as reduced trust and self worth; and behavioral isolation, avoidance, and hypervigilance, in addition to positive coping actions of commitment to racial equity initiatives. We engaged in data triangulation with quantitative Mann-Whitney U tests, finding that those who experienced COVID discrimination had significantly higher racial trauma and PTSD scores compared to those who did not. Our convergent findings provide clinicians with novel ways to assess the ongoing impact of racial trauma and implement appropriate interventions for clients.</p>","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"2023 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10345399/pdf/10.1177_21677026231180810.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10372432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/21677026231159566
W. O’Donohue, Cory L. Cobb, S. Lynn
This special issue is dedicated to the life and works of psychology pioneer Scott O. Lilienfeld. Dr. Lilienfeld tragically passed away in September 2020 and was one of the field’s most brilliant minds and prolific contributors. As a leading authority on psychopathy and the delineation between science and pseudoscience and a prodigious scholar across multiple areas of inquiry, Dr. Lilienfeld’s contributions have transformed psychological science in myriad ways. We bring together eminent scholars from across the world to contribute target articles on cutting-edge advancements and ongoing issues that encompass rhetoric in science, structural models of psychopathology, experimental psychopathology research, sociopolitical values in the multicultural movement, positive illusions about societal change, procedural justice in psychology, the so-called Memory Wars, and lifelong learning.
{"title":"Current Issues and Future Directions in Clinical Psychological Science: An Introduction to the Special Issue Honoring the Life and Legacy of Scott O. Lilienfeld","authors":"W. O’Donohue, Cory L. Cobb, S. Lynn","doi":"10.1177/21677026231159566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231159566","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue is dedicated to the life and works of psychology pioneer Scott O. Lilienfeld. Dr. Lilienfeld tragically passed away in September 2020 and was one of the field’s most brilliant minds and prolific contributors. As a leading authority on psychopathy and the delineation between science and pseudoscience and a prodigious scholar across multiple areas of inquiry, Dr. Lilienfeld’s contributions have transformed psychological science in myriad ways. We bring together eminent scholars from across the world to contribute target articles on cutting-edge advancements and ongoing issues that encompass rhetoric in science, structural models of psychopathology, experimental psychopathology research, sociopolitical values in the multicultural movement, positive illusions about societal change, procedural justice in psychology, the so-called Memory Wars, and lifelong learning.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"595 - 600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87907018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1177/21677026221144256
I. Waldman, C. King, Holly E. Poore, Justin M Luningham, Richard M. Zinbarg, R. Krueger, K. Markon, M. Bornovalova, M. Chmielewski, C. Conway, M. Dretsch, N. Eaton, M. Forbes, K. Forbush, K. Naragon-Gainey, A. Greene, J. Haltigan, M. Ivanova, Keanan J. Joyner, K. Keyes, K. King, R. Kotov, H. Levin-Aspenson, T. Olino, Jason A. Oliver, C. Patrick, D. Preece, L. Rutter, M. Sellbom, Susan C. South, N. Wagner, Ashley L. Watts, Sylia Wilson, A. Wright, D. Zald
Historically, researchers have proposed higher-order factors to explicate the structure of psychopathology, including Externalizing, Internalizing, Fear, Distress, Thought Disorder, and a general factor. Despite extensive research in this domain, the underlying structure of psychopathology remains unresolved. Here, we examine several issues in adjudicating among structural models of psychopathology. Using simulations and analyses of the extant literature, we contrast the model-based reliability of alternative structural models of psychopathology and highlight shortcomings of conventional model-fit indices for such adjudication. We propose alternative criteria for evaluating and contrasting competing structural models, including various model characteristics (e.g., the magnitude and consistency of factor loadings and their precision), the consistency and sensitivity of factors to their constituent indicators, and the variance explained in and patterns of associations with relevant variables. Using these criteria as adjuncts to conventional fit indices should become standard practice and will greatly facilitate adjudication among alternative structural models of psychopathology.
{"title":"Recommendations for Adjudicating Among Alternative Structural Models of Psychopathology","authors":"I. Waldman, C. King, Holly E. Poore, Justin M Luningham, Richard M. Zinbarg, R. Krueger, K. Markon, M. Bornovalova, M. Chmielewski, C. Conway, M. Dretsch, N. Eaton, M. Forbes, K. Forbush, K. Naragon-Gainey, A. Greene, J. Haltigan, M. Ivanova, Keanan J. Joyner, K. Keyes, K. King, R. Kotov, H. Levin-Aspenson, T. Olino, Jason A. Oliver, C. Patrick, D. Preece, L. Rutter, M. Sellbom, Susan C. South, N. Wagner, Ashley L. Watts, Sylia Wilson, A. Wright, D. Zald","doi":"10.1177/21677026221144256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221144256","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, researchers have proposed higher-order factors to explicate the structure of psychopathology, including Externalizing, Internalizing, Fear, Distress, Thought Disorder, and a general factor. Despite extensive research in this domain, the underlying structure of psychopathology remains unresolved. Here, we examine several issues in adjudicating among structural models of psychopathology. Using simulations and analyses of the extant literature, we contrast the model-based reliability of alternative structural models of psychopathology and highlight shortcomings of conventional model-fit indices for such adjudication. We propose alternative criteria for evaluating and contrasting competing structural models, including various model characteristics (e.g., the magnitude and consistency of factor loadings and their precision), the consistency and sensitivity of factors to their constituent indicators, and the variance explained in and patterns of associations with relevant variables. Using these criteria as adjuncts to conventional fit indices should become standard practice and will greatly facilitate adjudication among alternative structural models of psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"616 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77224293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1177/21677026231169659
A. Nagendra, Chih-Wei Joshua Liu, K. Mueser, Philip D. Harvey, C. Depp, R. Moore, Beshaun J Davis, A. Pinkham
In this study, we examined ethno-racial differences in daily functioning in 66 non-Latinx White participants, 83 non-Latinx Black participants, and 60 Latinx participants ( N = 209) diagnosed with serious mental illnesses, and the extent to which individual socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood SES, and symptom severity accounted for observed differences. Participants completed ecological momentary assessments of what they were doing, who they were with, and where they were three times daily for 30 days. Black participants more frequently reported being alone or engaged in passive leisure (e.g., watching TV) than White participants and Latinx participants, less frequently reported vocational activity than Latinx participants, and less frequently reported home-based active leisure than White participants. Although some findings were accounted for by neighborhood SES, individual SES, or symptoms, there is also a need to explore sociocultural and racism-related explanatory factors. Clinical implications (e.g., providing vocational services to Black clients) and future research directions are discussed.
{"title":"Do Symptom Severity, Individual Socioeconomic Status, and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status Explain Differences in Daily Functioning in Non-Latinx Black, Non-Latinx White, and Latinx People With Serious Mental Illnesses?","authors":"A. Nagendra, Chih-Wei Joshua Liu, K. Mueser, Philip D. Harvey, C. Depp, R. Moore, Beshaun J Davis, A. Pinkham","doi":"10.1177/21677026231169659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231169659","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examined ethno-racial differences in daily functioning in 66 non-Latinx White participants, 83 non-Latinx Black participants, and 60 Latinx participants ( N = 209) diagnosed with serious mental illnesses, and the extent to which individual socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood SES, and symptom severity accounted for observed differences. Participants completed ecological momentary assessments of what they were doing, who they were with, and where they were three times daily for 30 days. Black participants more frequently reported being alone or engaged in passive leisure (e.g., watching TV) than White participants and Latinx participants, less frequently reported vocational activity than Latinx participants, and less frequently reported home-based active leisure than White participants. Although some findings were accounted for by neighborhood SES, individual SES, or symptoms, there is also a need to explore sociocultural and racism-related explanatory factors. Clinical implications (e.g., providing vocational services to Black clients) and future research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"81 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88002508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1177/21677026231170871
Emma Chad-Friedman, Leslie S. Jordan, Simone Chad-Friedman, E. Lemay, T. Olino, D. Klein, L. Dougherty
We conducted cross-lagged panel models to examine reciprocal relations between parent and child depressive symptoms and authoritarian-parenting behaviors across development in a community sample of 599 youths (89.1% White, 7.7% Black/African American, 2.3% Asian, 0.7% multiracial/other; 65.3% had at least one parent with a 4-year college degree). Mothers and fathers completed self-report measures about their own depressive symptoms and authoritarian-parenting behaviors during the years their children were 3 to 15 years old. Child depressive symptoms were assessed with a developmentally appropriate semistructured clinical interview at all time points. Results demonstrated reciprocal pathways between maternal and child depressive symptoms from ages 3 to 15 years serial mediators. Moreover, although child depressive symptoms at age 3 years led to greater maternal and paternal negative authoritarian parenting from ages 3 to 15 years, these effects were not reciprocal. Pathways between paternal and child depressive symptoms were not observed. Our findings highlight the importance of examining reciprocal pathways to identify mechanisms in the development of depression within families.
{"title":"Parent and Child Depressive Symptoms and Authoritarian Parenting: Reciprocal Relations From Early Childhood Through Adolescence","authors":"Emma Chad-Friedman, Leslie S. Jordan, Simone Chad-Friedman, E. Lemay, T. Olino, D. Klein, L. Dougherty","doi":"10.1177/21677026231170871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231170871","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted cross-lagged panel models to examine reciprocal relations between parent and child depressive symptoms and authoritarian-parenting behaviors across development in a community sample of 599 youths (89.1% White, 7.7% Black/African American, 2.3% Asian, 0.7% multiracial/other; 65.3% had at least one parent with a 4-year college degree). Mothers and fathers completed self-report measures about their own depressive symptoms and authoritarian-parenting behaviors during the years their children were 3 to 15 years old. Child depressive symptoms were assessed with a developmentally appropriate semistructured clinical interview at all time points. Results demonstrated reciprocal pathways between maternal and child depressive symptoms from ages 3 to 15 years serial mediators. Moreover, although child depressive symptoms at age 3 years led to greater maternal and paternal negative authoritarian parenting from ages 3 to 15 years, these effects were not reciprocal. Pathways between paternal and child depressive symptoms were not observed. Our findings highlight the importance of examining reciprocal pathways to identify mechanisms in the development of depression within families.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75970223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1177/21677026231162814
Michael E. Aristodemou, Rogier A. Kievit, Aja L. Murray, Manuel Eisner, Denis Ribeaud, Eiko I. Fried
Mental disorders are among the leading causes of global disease burden. To respond effectively, a strong understanding of the structure of psychopathology is critical. We empirically compared two competing frameworks, dynamic-mutualism theory and common-cause theory, that vie to explain the development of psychopathology. We formalized these theories in statistical models and applied them to explain change in the general factor of psychopathology (p factor) from early to late adolescence ( N = 1,482) and major depression in middle adulthood and old age ( N = 6,443). Change in the p factor was better explained by mutualism according to model-fit indices. However, a core prediction of mutualism was not supported (i.e., predominantly positive causal interactions among distinct domains). The evidence for change in depression was more ambiguous. Our results support a multicausal approach to understanding psychopathology and showcase the value of translating theories into testable statistical models for understanding developmental processes in clinical sciences.
{"title":"Common Cause Versus Dynamic Mutualism: An Empirical Comparison of Two Theories of Psychopathology in Two Large Longitudinal Cohorts","authors":"Michael E. Aristodemou, Rogier A. Kievit, Aja L. Murray, Manuel Eisner, Denis Ribeaud, Eiko I. Fried","doi":"10.1177/21677026231162814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231162814","url":null,"abstract":"Mental disorders are among the leading causes of global disease burden. To respond effectively, a strong understanding of the structure of psychopathology is critical. We empirically compared two competing frameworks, dynamic-mutualism theory and common-cause theory, that vie to explain the development of psychopathology. We formalized these theories in statistical models and applied them to explain change in the general factor of psychopathology (p factor) from early to late adolescence ( N = 1,482) and major depression in middle adulthood and old age ( N = 6,443). Change in the p factor was better explained by mutualism according to model-fit indices. However, a core prediction of mutualism was not supported (i.e., predominantly positive causal interactions among distinct domains). The evidence for change in depression was more ambiguous. Our results support a multicausal approach to understanding psychopathology and showcase the value of translating theories into testable statistical models for understanding developmental processes in clinical sciences.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136250507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1177/21677026231161064
Ifrah S. Sheikh, D. Lanni, Y. Mekawi, A. Powers, V. Michopoulos, Sierra Carter
In the current study, we investigated the emergence of racial-identity latent profiles and the potential for racial-identity profiles to moderate the relationship between race-related stress and trauma symptoms in nontreatment-seeking, trauma-exposed, Black American women ( N = 222). Racial-identity profiles emerged from latent profile analyses and supported a three-class solution: undifferentiated, detached, and nationalist. Analysis of variance revealed that the nationalist profile group experienced significantly higher race-related stress compared with the detached and undifferentiated profiles. Moderation analyses revealed racial-identity profile type predicted both total posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and each PTSD symptom cluster; specifically, the nationalist profile type buffered the effects of race-related stress on PTSD symptoms. This study illustrates how stress from racial discrimination influences PTSD symptoms and the ways racial identity may mitigate this relationship, which has the capacity to inform the adaptation of PTSD treatments for minoritized groups.
{"title":"What Is the Power of Identity? Examining the Moderating Role of Racial-Identity Latent Profiles on the Relationship Between Race-Related Stress and Trauma Symptoms Among Black American Women","authors":"Ifrah S. Sheikh, D. Lanni, Y. Mekawi, A. Powers, V. Michopoulos, Sierra Carter","doi":"10.1177/21677026231161064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231161064","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, we investigated the emergence of racial-identity latent profiles and the potential for racial-identity profiles to moderate the relationship between race-related stress and trauma symptoms in nontreatment-seeking, trauma-exposed, Black American women ( N = 222). Racial-identity profiles emerged from latent profile analyses and supported a three-class solution: undifferentiated, detached, and nationalist. Analysis of variance revealed that the nationalist profile group experienced significantly higher race-related stress compared with the detached and undifferentiated profiles. Moderation analyses revealed racial-identity profile type predicted both total posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and each PTSD symptom cluster; specifically, the nationalist profile type buffered the effects of race-related stress on PTSD symptoms. This study illustrates how stress from racial discrimination influences PTSD symptoms and the ways racial identity may mitigate this relationship, which has the capacity to inform the adaptation of PTSD treatments for minoritized groups.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"93 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87757022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1177/21677026231164958
Iftach Amir, A. Aizik-Reebs, K. Yuval, Yuval Hadash, Amit Bernstein
Emerging evidence suggests that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may be one promising intervention approach within the global mental-health crisis of forced displacement. Little is known about the mechanisms of action of MBIs for trauma recovery or among diverse forcibly displaced people (FDP). Within a single-site randomized waitlist-control trial among 143 traumatized East African asylum seekers living in a high-risk urban postdisplacement setting, cognitive inhibition (CI) of trauma- and threat-related information was measured (modified Sternberg task) before and after Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees (MBTR-R) or a parallel waitlist-control period. At preintervention, a deficit in the CI of trauma- and threat-related but not positively valenced emotionally evocative information was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity. Although MBTR-R led to improved CI of trauma- and threat-related information, this change process did not mediate the therapeutic effect of MBTR-R on PTSD. Findings inform theory implicating CI in PTSD, MBI mechanisms of action, and FDP mental health.
{"title":"Cognitive Inhibition in Trauma Recovery Among Asylum Seekers: Test in a Randomized Trial of Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees","authors":"Iftach Amir, A. Aizik-Reebs, K. Yuval, Yuval Hadash, Amit Bernstein","doi":"10.1177/21677026231164958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231164958","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence suggests that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may be one promising intervention approach within the global mental-health crisis of forced displacement. Little is known about the mechanisms of action of MBIs for trauma recovery or among diverse forcibly displaced people (FDP). Within a single-site randomized waitlist-control trial among 143 traumatized East African asylum seekers living in a high-risk urban postdisplacement setting, cognitive inhibition (CI) of trauma- and threat-related information was measured (modified Sternberg task) before and after Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees (MBTR-R) or a parallel waitlist-control period. At preintervention, a deficit in the CI of trauma- and threat-related but not positively valenced emotionally evocative information was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity. Although MBTR-R led to improved CI of trauma- and threat-related information, this change process did not mediate the therapeutic effect of MBTR-R on PTSD. Findings inform theory implicating CI in PTSD, MBI mechanisms of action, and FDP mental health.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91249629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1177/21677026231169922
E. Grodin, A. Montoya, Alondra Cruz, S. Donato, Wave-Ananda Baskerville, L. Ray
Varenicline has shown promise for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, not everyone will respond to varenicline. Machine-learning methods are well suited to identify treatment responders. In the present study, we examined data from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Clinical Intervention Group multisite clinical trial of varenicline using two machine-learning methods. Baseline characteristics taken from a randomized clinical trial of varenicline were examined as potential moderators of treatment response using qualitative interaction trees ( N = 199) and group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator interaction nets ( N = 200). Results align with prior research, highlighting smoking status, AUD severity, medication adherence, and drinking goal as predictors of treatment response. Novel findings included the interaction between age and cardiovascular health in predicting clinical response and stronger medication effects among individuals with lower craving. With increased integration of machine-learning methods, studies that effectively integrate methods and medication development have high potential to inform clinical practice.
{"title":"Identifying Treatment Responders to Varenicline for Alcohol Use Disorder Using Two Machine-Learning Approaches","authors":"E. Grodin, A. Montoya, Alondra Cruz, S. Donato, Wave-Ananda Baskerville, L. Ray","doi":"10.1177/21677026231169922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231169922","url":null,"abstract":"Varenicline has shown promise for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, not everyone will respond to varenicline. Machine-learning methods are well suited to identify treatment responders. In the present study, we examined data from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Clinical Intervention Group multisite clinical trial of varenicline using two machine-learning methods. Baseline characteristics taken from a randomized clinical trial of varenicline were examined as potential moderators of treatment response using qualitative interaction trees ( N = 199) and group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator interaction nets ( N = 200). Results align with prior research, highlighting smoking status, AUD severity, medication adherence, and drinking goal as predictors of treatment response. Novel findings included the interaction between age and cardiovascular health in predicting clinical response and stronger medication effects among individuals with lower craving. With increased integration of machine-learning methods, studies that effectively integrate methods and medication development have high potential to inform clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76624717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：