Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03409
Yanni Song , Hainan Chong , Dawei Wang , Haijun Xiao
With global warming, climate change had significant impacts on the distribution of species and their habitats. As one of the keystone species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), the plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae plays a vital role in the alpine grassland ecosystem. Based on 750 distribution points, 20 environmental variables, and the Global Human Influence Index (IGHP) database, the geographic distribution trends of plateau pika under current and three future periods (2030 s, 2050 s and 2090 s) in related three climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP370 and SSP585) were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Climate factors are the main factors changing the habitat selection of plateau pika, with the highest permutation contribution (28.5 %) and permutation importance (30.6 %) for isothermality of bio3. 2). The central and eastern parts of the QTP are potential distribution areas for plateau pika, with the current suitable area totaling 8.01 × 105 km2, accounting for 32.04 % of the QTP. 3) The suitable areas of plateau pika will gradually migrate to higher altitude areas, especially with more significant changes under high-emission scenarios (SSP370 and SSP585). 4) Human activities have relatively limited impacts on the distribution pattern of plateau pika, mainly manifested as suitability changes in some local areas. This study revealed the spatio-temporal distribution changes of plateau pika under different climate scenarios, which may help to better understand the response mechanism of other plateau organisms to environmental changes. This study provided a scientific basis for the management of keystone species and their ecosystem services in the QTP.
{"title":"Simulation and response mechanism of potential geographical distribution of plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae under climate change","authors":"Yanni Song , Hainan Chong , Dawei Wang , Haijun Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With global warming, climate change had significant impacts on the distribution of species and their habitats. As one of the keystone species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), the plateau pika <em>Ochotona curzoniae</em> plays a vital role in the alpine grassland ecosystem. Based on 750 distribution points, 20 environmental variables, and the Global Human Influence Index (IGHP) database, the geographic distribution trends of plateau pika under current and three future periods (2030 s, 2050 s and 2090 s) in related three climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP370 and SSP585) were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Climate factors are the main factors changing the habitat selection of plateau pika, with the highest permutation contribution (28.5 %) and permutation importance (30.6 %) for isothermality of bio3. 2). The central and eastern parts of the QTP are potential distribution areas for plateau pika, with the current suitable area totaling 8.01 × 10<sup>5</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 32.04 % of the QTP. 3) The suitable areas of plateau pika will gradually migrate to higher altitude areas, especially with more significant changes under high-emission scenarios (SSP370 and SSP585). 4) Human activities have relatively limited impacts on the distribution pattern of plateau pika, mainly manifested as suitability changes in some local areas. This study revealed the spatio-temporal distribution changes of plateau pika under different climate scenarios, which may help to better understand the response mechanism of other plateau organisms to environmental changes. This study provided a scientific basis for the management of keystone species and their ecosystem services in the QTP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03390
Fu-Lv Liu , Winnie Wanjiku Mambo , Jie Liu , Guang-Fu Zhu , Raees Khan , Abdullah , Shujaul Mulk Khan , Lu Lu
Global climate change threatens the spatiotemporal distribution and resilience of species, especially those in mountainous regions. The Himalaya, a global biodiversity hotspot, harbors one of the richest medicinal plant communities, which are economically significant and contribute to human well-being through their health benefits. However, our understanding of species distribution across space and time under climate change scenarios, as well as effective conservation planning for these medicinal plants in the Himalaya, remains limited. In this study, we used the biomod2 ensemble model to predict the potential habitats of ten medicinal species using 497 occurrence points and 26 environmental variables under the past, present, and two future scenarios (2090; SSP126 and SSP585). We analyzed the spatiotemporal range dynamics of the ten species, performed their threat assessment using the redlistr R package, and developed a systematic conservation plan using Zonation 4.0 software. Our results showed that the habitat of most medicinal plants in the Himalaya have expanded their habitat range from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present, with a substantial contraction projected in both future scenarios. Six species migrated northwards towards high elevation, while four species migrated southwards. Threat assessment results indicated that all the species are endangered. Our conservation planning analysis revealed that northern parts of Pakistan such as Swat, Shangla, Hazara division, Jammu, and Kashmir are the core conservation areas for these ten species. We propose establishing additional protected areas in the Himalaya particularly in the western Himalaya for better management and conservation of endangered medicinal plants.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal range dynamics and conservation optimization for endangered medicinal plants in the Himalaya","authors":"Fu-Lv Liu , Winnie Wanjiku Mambo , Jie Liu , Guang-Fu Zhu , Raees Khan , Abdullah , Shujaul Mulk Khan , Lu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change threatens the spatiotemporal distribution and resilience of species, especially those in mountainous regions. The Himalaya, a global biodiversity hotspot, harbors one of the richest medicinal plant communities, which are economically significant and contribute to human well-being through their health benefits. However, our understanding of species distribution across space and time under climate change scenarios, as well as effective conservation planning for these medicinal plants in the Himalaya, remains limited. In this study, we used the <em>biomod2</em> ensemble model to predict the potential habitats of ten medicinal species using 497 occurrence points and 26 environmental variables under the past, present, and two future scenarios (2090; SSP126 and SSP585). We analyzed the spatiotemporal range dynamics of the ten species, performed their threat assessment using the <em>redlistr</em> R package, and developed a systematic conservation plan using Zonation 4.0 software. Our results showed that the habitat of most medicinal plants in the Himalaya have expanded their habitat range from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present, with a substantial contraction projected in both future scenarios. Six species migrated northwards towards high elevation, while four species migrated southwards. Threat assessment results indicated that all the species are endangered. Our conservation planning analysis revealed that northern parts of Pakistan such as Swat, Shangla, Hazara division, Jammu, and Kashmir are the core conservation areas for these ten species. We propose establishing additional protected areas in the Himalaya particularly in the western Himalaya for better management and conservation of endangered medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03389
Larissa L. Bailey , Richard Henderson , Wendy A. Estes-Zumpf , Charles C. Rhoades , Ellie Miller , Dominique Lujan , Erin Muths
Wildfire regimes are changing rapidly with widespread increase in the intensity, frequency, and duration of fire activity, especially in the western United States. Limited studies explore the impacts of wildfires on aquatic taxa and few focus on lentic habitats that are essential for amphibians, many of which are of conservation concern. We capitalized on existing pre-fire surveys for anuran species and resurveyed a random subset of wetlands across a gradient of soil burn severity to investigate the short-term effects of wildfire on a relict population of wood frogs in the southern Rocky Mountains. We also investigated whether maps created to support rapid post-fire emergency response activities (i.e., United States Forest Service Burned Area Emergency Response program) accurately characterize soil burn severity around small habitat features (i.e., ponds) that serve as important amphibian breeding and rearing habitat. Soil burn severity reflects fire impacts on soil and surface organic layers, including vegetation loss and changes in soil structure and function. We found that wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) breeding persistence following fires was negatively influenced by the percentage of their terrestrial habitat (100 m buffer surrounding breeding ponds) that was burned. Wood frog colonization probability of previously unoccupied ponds was low (∼ 0.10) and unaffected by soil burn severity. Importantly, we found that remotely sensed data typically produced to predict flooding and erosion at broad (catchment) scales is a poor representation of the amount and variation in soil burn severity surrounding small habitat features, suggesting that additional field sampling is necessary to understand wildfire responses for species that rely on these small habitat features. Understanding short-term geographic- and species-specific variation in response to wildfires provides the basis to explore time to recovery (e.g., when wood frogs return to burned breeding sites) or to determine if declines in breeding distributions intensify over time.
{"title":"Unburned habitat essential for amphibian breeding persistence following wildfire","authors":"Larissa L. Bailey , Richard Henderson , Wendy A. Estes-Zumpf , Charles C. Rhoades , Ellie Miller , Dominique Lujan , Erin Muths","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfire regimes are changing rapidly with widespread increase in the intensity, frequency, and duration of fire activity, especially in the western United States. Limited studies explore the impacts of wildfires on aquatic taxa and few focus on lentic habitats that are essential for amphibians, many of which are of conservation concern. We capitalized on existing pre-fire surveys for anuran species and resurveyed a random subset of wetlands across a gradient of soil burn severity to investigate the short-term effects of wildfire on a relict population of wood frogs in the southern Rocky Mountains. We also investigated whether maps created to support rapid post-fire emergency response activities (i.e., United States Forest Service Burned Area Emergency Response program) accurately characterize soil burn severity around small habitat features (i.e., ponds) that serve as important amphibian breeding and rearing habitat. Soil burn severity reflects fire impacts on soil and surface organic layers, including vegetation loss and changes in soil structure and function. We found that wood frog (<em>Lithobates sylvaticus</em>) breeding persistence following fires was negatively influenced by the percentage of their terrestrial habitat (100 m buffer surrounding breeding ponds) that was burned. Wood frog colonization probability of previously unoccupied ponds was low (∼ 0.10) and unaffected by soil burn severity. Importantly, we found that remotely sensed data typically produced to predict flooding and erosion at broad (catchment) scales is a poor representation of the amount and variation in soil burn severity surrounding small habitat features, suggesting that additional field sampling is necessary to understand wildfire responses for species that rely on these small habitat features. Understanding short-term geographic- and species-specific variation in response to wildfires provides the basis to explore time to recovery (e.g., when wood frogs return to burned breeding sites) or to determine if declines in breeding distributions intensify over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03405
Qinghua Zhan , Haihong Liao , Yuelong Liang , Zhong Zhang , Xingui Le , Yu Xiong , Lin Cheng , Wenqi Ding , Jian Lu , Yadong Zhou , Boyun Yang
Orchidaceae serves as a “flagship” group in global biodiversity conservation efforts, drawing substantial interest from researchers in China, but research on the variation of orchid species diversity along elevational gradients in mid-subtropical mountain forests in China remains limited. In this study, we conducted an investigation of orchids across more than 1900 5 m × 5 m plots in six mountains located in central China, spanning an elevational range from 166 m to 1930 m, and then converted these survey data into the distribution data in 100 m elevational bands to study the trend of species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener index (H'), Simpson index (D), and Pielou evenness (e) of orchids variation along the elevational gradients. We discovered that although the diversity patterns vary among each mountain, overall, S, H', and D exhibit hump-shaped patterns, while e shows a slight monotonic increase pattern along the elevation. There are no significant difference between elevational patterns of diversity of terrestrial and epiphytic orchids. In addition, slope, canopy closure, and disturbance have no significant impact on all the four diversity indices, mean annual temperature positively correlates with species richness, while annual precipitation shows negative correlations with S, H', and D. Meanwhile, we also found that significant differences in the composition and abundance of orchid communities between high and low elevations. These results significantly enhance our understanding of elevation-dependent diversity patterns among rare and endangered plants in the mid-subtropical regions of China.
{"title":"Elevational patterns of orchid diversity in mid-subtropical mountain forests of eastern China","authors":"Qinghua Zhan , Haihong Liao , Yuelong Liang , Zhong Zhang , Xingui Le , Yu Xiong , Lin Cheng , Wenqi Ding , Jian Lu , Yadong Zhou , Boyun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orchidaceae serves as a “flagship” group in global biodiversity conservation efforts, drawing substantial interest from researchers in China, but research on the variation of orchid species diversity along elevational gradients in mid-subtropical mountain forests in China remains limited. In this study, we conducted an investigation of orchids across more than 1900 5 m × 5 m plots in six mountains located in central China, spanning an elevational range from 166 m to 1930 m, and then converted these survey data into the distribution data in 100 m elevational bands to study the trend of species richness (<em>S</em>), Shannon-Wiener index (<em>H'</em>), Simpson index (<em>D</em>), and Pielou evenness (<em>e</em>) of orchids variation along the elevational gradients. We discovered that although the diversity patterns vary among each mountain, overall, <em>S</em>, <em>H</em>', and <em>D</em> exhibit hump-shaped patterns, while <em>e</em> shows a slight monotonic increase pattern along the elevation. There are no significant difference between elevational patterns of diversity of terrestrial and epiphytic orchids. In addition, slope, canopy closure, and disturbance have no significant impact on all the four diversity indices, mean annual temperature positively correlates with species richness, while annual precipitation shows negative correlations with <em>S</em>, <em>H'</em>, and <em>D</em>. Meanwhile, we also found that significant differences in the composition and abundance of orchid communities between high and low elevations. These results significantly enhance our understanding of elevation-dependent diversity patterns among rare and endangered plants in the mid-subtropical regions of China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03398
Mestewat Simeon , Desalegn Wana
The aim of this study is to assess synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services in Maze National Park and its environs in southwestern Ethiopia. We employed land use and land cover data along with ecosystem services values from previous studies and performed a landscape diversity analysis to examine correlations with ecosystem services dynamics. The spatiotemporal trade-offs/synergy relationships were analyzed using ecosystem service values from the years 1985, 1995, 2005, 2015, and 2020, employing the Spearman correlation coefficient and the Local Moran’s I autocorrelation model. Additionally, we collected socioeconomic data to get insight into the local people’s perceptions of the interactions between ecosystem services. The landscape metrics results revealed a rise in the number of patches, patch density, and edge density, indicating landscape fragmentation. From 1985–2020, food production service exhibited a moderate negative correlation with water supply (rs = −0.6), raw material (rs = −0.5), and climate regulation (rs = −0.5), indicating a moderate trade-off relationship. Conversely, a very strong and significant positive correlation (rs = 1), indicating a strong synergistic relationship, was observed between raw material and climate regulation, water supply and climate regulation (rs = 0.9), and raw material and water supply services (rs = 0.9). Spatially, the relationships among ecosystem services were predominantly synergistic, though a higher proportion of trade-offs was observed between food production and other services. The Chi-Square test results indicated that local community perceptions of the interactions between ecosystem services vary depending on their distance from the park. Therefore, understanding the relationships between ecosystem services is crucial for developing effective ecosystem protection strategies and addressing the effects of anthropogenic disturbances in protected areas and beyond. Finally, we recommend future studies to incorporate additional provisioning, regulating, and cultural services to fully represent the region's ecosystem services status in trade-offs and synergy analyses.
{"title":"Synergies and trade-offs among key ecosystem services in Maze National Park and its environs, southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Mestewat Simeon , Desalegn Wana","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to assess synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services in Maze National Park and its environs in southwestern Ethiopia. We employed land use and land cover data along with ecosystem services values from previous studies and performed a landscape diversity analysis to examine correlations with ecosystem services dynamics. The spatiotemporal trade-offs/synergy relationships were analyzed using ecosystem service values from the years 1985, 1995, 2005, 2015, and 2020, employing the Spearman correlation coefficient and the Local Moran’s I autocorrelation model. Additionally, we collected socioeconomic data to get insight into the local people’s perceptions of the interactions between ecosystem services. The landscape metrics results revealed a rise in the number of patches, patch density, and edge density, indicating landscape fragmentation. From 1985–2020, food production service exhibited a moderate negative correlation with water supply (rs = −0.6), raw material (rs = −0.5), and climate regulation (rs = −0.5), indicating a moderate trade-off relationship. Conversely, a very strong and significant positive correlation (rs = 1), indicating a strong synergistic relationship, was observed between raw material and climate regulation, water supply and climate regulation (rs = 0.9), and raw material and water supply services (rs = 0.9). Spatially, the relationships among ecosystem services were predominantly synergistic, though a higher proportion of trade-offs was observed between food production and other services. The Chi-Square test results indicated that local community perceptions of the interactions between ecosystem services vary depending on their distance from the park. Therefore, understanding the relationships between ecosystem services is crucial for developing effective ecosystem protection strategies and addressing the effects of anthropogenic disturbances in protected areas and beyond. Finally, we recommend future studies to incorporate additional provisioning, regulating, and cultural services to fully represent the region's ecosystem services status in trade-offs and synergy analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03388
Rong Liu , Dan Xie , Mengling Li , Yanmei Ping , Dongmei Li , Shupeng Dong , Yongjie Yu , Jinguo Zhang , Zulin Ning
Ardisia gigantifolia is a critically endangered medicinal plant endemic to China and only 77 wild individuals were found at present. To provide detailed information for selecting its restoration habitats, plantlets of this species were transplanted into four sites with different habitats, including two current sites (GLQ and HK) with extant populations, one historical site (NX) and one site (BG) outside its historical range but near the existing range. The survival, growth and physiological performance of transplanted plantlets and habitat characters were compared among the four sites, and the population structure and physiological traits of wild individuals were compared among the two extant populations. The results revealed that relative irradiance would be the main factor influencing the photosynthesis and growth of transplanted plantlets. Transplanted plantlets at NX presented the best overall performance in survival, growth and physiology, and presented better physiological performance than wild seedlings at the two current sites, revealing that NX was the optimal habitat for reintroduction of A. gigantifolia. Compared to NX, severe shading at GLQ and HK resulted in the decrease of light energy utilization efficiency and growth parameters. Wild seedlings at GLQ exhibited significantly lower light energy utilization efficiency but significantly higher malondialdehyde content than those at HK, which would explain the lower proportion of young individuals and the smaller growth trend in the GLQ population.
{"title":"Selecting habitats to reintroduce the endangered species Ardisia gigantifolia (Primulaceae) based on growth and physiological traits","authors":"Rong Liu , Dan Xie , Mengling Li , Yanmei Ping , Dongmei Li , Shupeng Dong , Yongjie Yu , Jinguo Zhang , Zulin Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ardisia gigantifolia</em> is a critically endangered medicinal plant endemic to China and only 77 wild individuals were found at present. To provide detailed information for selecting its restoration habitats, plantlets of this species were transplanted into four sites with different habitats, including two current sites (GLQ and HK) with extant populations, one historical site (NX) and one site (BG) outside its historical range but near the existing range. The survival, growth and physiological performance of transplanted plantlets and habitat characters were compared among the four sites, and the population structure and physiological traits of wild individuals were compared among the two extant populations. The results revealed that relative irradiance would be the main factor influencing the photosynthesis and growth of transplanted plantlets. Transplanted plantlets at NX presented the best overall performance in survival, growth and physiology, and presented better physiological performance than wild seedlings at the two current sites, revealing that NX was the optimal habitat for reintroduction of <em>A. gigantifolia</em>. Compared to NX, severe shading at GLQ and HK resulted in the decrease of light energy utilization efficiency and growth parameters. Wild seedlings at GLQ exhibited significantly lower light energy utilization efficiency but significantly higher malondialdehyde content than those at HK, which would explain the lower proportion of young individuals and the smaller growth trend in the GLQ population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03370
Roger Sayre , Charlie Frye , Sean Breyer , Patrick R. Roehrdanz , Paul R. Elsen , Kevin Butler , Clint Brown , Jill Cress , Deniz Karagulle , Madeline Martin , Florencia Sangermano , Regan L. Smyth , Terry L. Sohl , Nicholas H. Wolff , Dawn J. Wright , Zhouting Wu
The urgency to address ecosystem loss is paramount, as both land use change and climate change will continue to rapidly alter and degrade natural ecosystems and reduce the many services they provide. To support conservation actions that mitigate impacts from these dual threats, we have developed potential World Terrestrial Ecosystem (WTE) distributions for 2050 following IPCC best practice guidelines. This projection of ecosystem distributions builds on the previously released 2015 WTEs, a snapshot of the distribution and conservation status of 431 terrestrial ecosystem types defined as distinct combinations of 18 global climate regions, 4 global landform classes, and 8 global vegetation/land cover classes. Extending that work herein, we modeled the potential 2050 WTE distributions based on projections of five CMIP6 general circulation models (GCMs) and one global land cover change model, determined for three shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. The climate region modeling included projections for 2050 for both mean annual temperature and mean annual aridity. Model agreement for changes to WTEs was generally high, particularly for temperature projections. Widespread changes in ecosystem classes due to shifts in climate settings and/or land cover between 2015 and 2050 were projected, with both the magnitude and specific geography of projected change largely governed by the SSP scenario. For the three SSP scenarios (sustainable development, regional rivalry, and fossil-fueled development), geographic changes in climate setting (temperature, aridity, or both) and/or changes in vegetation/land cover are projected for 29 %, 36 %, and 39 % of Earth’s terrestrial surface, respectively. These changes occur in areas where 31 %, 36 %, and 41 % of the global population lives. Projected changes in ecosystem distributions related to temperature change are approximately an order of magnitude greater than for aridity change. By offering insight into potential ecosystem changes, this new resource is intended to facilitate conservation planning and priority setting aimed at improved conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
{"title":"Potential 2050 distributions of World Terrestrial Ecosystems from projections of changes in World Climate Regions and Global Land Cover","authors":"Roger Sayre , Charlie Frye , Sean Breyer , Patrick R. Roehrdanz , Paul R. Elsen , Kevin Butler , Clint Brown , Jill Cress , Deniz Karagulle , Madeline Martin , Florencia Sangermano , Regan L. Smyth , Terry L. Sohl , Nicholas H. Wolff , Dawn J. Wright , Zhouting Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urgency to address ecosystem loss is paramount, as both land use change and climate change will continue to rapidly alter and degrade natural ecosystems and reduce the many services they provide. To support conservation actions that mitigate impacts from these dual threats, we have developed potential World Terrestrial Ecosystem (WTE) distributions for 2050 following IPCC best practice guidelines. This projection of ecosystem distributions builds on the previously released 2015 WTEs, a snapshot of the distribution and conservation status of 431 terrestrial ecosystem types defined as distinct combinations of 18 global climate regions, 4 global landform classes, and 8 global vegetation/land cover classes. Extending that work herein, we modeled the potential 2050 WTE distributions based on projections of five CMIP6 general circulation models (GCMs) and one global land cover change model, determined for three shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. The climate region modeling included projections for 2050 for both mean annual temperature and mean annual aridity. Model agreement for changes to WTEs was generally high, particularly for temperature projections. Widespread changes in ecosystem classes due to shifts in climate settings and/or land cover between 2015 and 2050 were projected, with both the magnitude and specific geography of projected change largely governed by the SSP scenario. For the three SSP scenarios (sustainable development, regional rivalry, and fossil-fueled development), geographic changes in climate setting (temperature, aridity, or both) and/or changes in vegetation/land cover are projected for 29 %, 36 %, and 39 % of Earth’s terrestrial surface, respectively. These changes occur in areas where 31 %, 36 %, and 41 % of the global population lives. Projected changes in ecosystem distributions related to temperature change are approximately an order of magnitude greater than for aridity change. By offering insight into potential ecosystem changes, this new resource is intended to facilitate conservation planning and priority setting aimed at improved conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03420
Xin Li , Yanmei Chen , Qianyuan Liu , Yanan Liu
Artificial forests provide various ecosystem services (ESs) and contribute to mitigating global climate change. However, the differences and trade-offs among ESs under different interventions remain unclear. This study investigated the variations in ESs and their trade-offs in artificial walnut forests in the Taihang Mountains under four human interventions: original shrub-grassland, long-term unmanaged walnut forests, walnut forests with clearing of shrubs and grasses, and walnut forests with clearing of shrubs and grasses and application of fertilizers. These interventions were established after a walnut plantation on shrub-grass-dominated slopes in 2003. Four ESs were evaluated using the entropy weight method: maintenance of plant diversity, carbon sequestration, soil and water conservation, and soil nutrient maintenance. Trade-offs among ESs were analyzed using the root mean square deviation (RMSD). Results showed that: (1) both the ESs composite value and the average trade-off value between ESs initially increased, then decreased, with increasing human intervention. The highest ESs composite value (ESs = 0.5655) and the lowest average trade-off value (RMSD = 0.149) were observed in walnut forests with clearing of shrubs and grasses. (2) Most paired ESs exhibited moderate or high trade-offs with each other, but differences existed between the walnut forests and the original shrub-grassland. The original shrub-grassland showed lower trade-offs between maintenance of plant diversity and carbon sequestration, and between maintenance of plant diversity and soil nutrient maintenance, while these trade-offs increased after the conversion to walnut forests. (3) Redundancy analysis and Pearson correlation analysis revealed that aboveground biomass explained 63.9 % of the variation in ESs indicators in the walnut forests, and soil phosphorus storage was significantly correlated with the trade-offs between most paired ESs, indicating significant influences of vegetation and soil factors on ESs indicators and trade-offs. Our findings suggest that shrub and grass removal is a key intervention affecting ecosystem trade-offs in artificial forests. Therefore, effective management of plantation vegetation is necessary to support the multifunctional balance of ESs and promote plantation ecosystem stability.
{"title":"Forest management interventions affect the trade-offs of multiple vegetation and soil ecosystem services in walnut forests in the Taihang Mountains, China","authors":"Xin Li , Yanmei Chen , Qianyuan Liu , Yanan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial forests provide various ecosystem services (ESs) and contribute to mitigating global climate change. However, the differences and trade-offs among ESs under different interventions remain unclear. This study investigated the variations in ESs and their trade-offs in artificial walnut forests in the Taihang Mountains under four human interventions: original shrub-grassland, long-term unmanaged walnut forests, walnut forests with clearing of shrubs and grasses, and walnut forests with clearing of shrubs and grasses and application of fertilizers. These interventions were established after a walnut plantation on shrub-grass-dominated slopes in 2003. Four ESs were evaluated using the entropy weight method: maintenance of plant diversity, carbon sequestration, soil and water conservation, and soil nutrient maintenance. Trade-offs among ESs were analyzed using the root mean square deviation (RMSD). Results showed that: (1) both the ESs composite value and the average trade-off value between ESs initially increased, then decreased, with increasing human intervention. The highest ESs composite value (ESs = 0.5655) and the lowest average trade-off value (RMSD = 0.149) were observed in walnut forests with clearing of shrubs and grasses. (2) Most paired ESs exhibited moderate or high trade-offs with each other, but differences existed between the walnut forests and the original shrub-grassland. The original shrub-grassland showed lower trade-offs between maintenance of plant diversity and carbon sequestration, and between maintenance of plant diversity and soil nutrient maintenance, while these trade-offs increased after the conversion to walnut forests. (3) Redundancy analysis and Pearson correlation analysis revealed that aboveground biomass explained 63.9 % of the variation in ESs indicators in the walnut forests, and soil phosphorus storage was significantly correlated with the trade-offs between most paired ESs, indicating significant influences of vegetation and soil factors on ESs indicators and trade-offs. Our findings suggest that shrub and grass removal is a key intervention affecting ecosystem trade-offs in artificial forests. Therefore, effective management of plantation vegetation is necessary to support the multifunctional balance of ESs and promote plantation ecosystem stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03393
Orsolya Moldován , Szabocs Balogh , Gábor Bakó , Zsolt Molnár , Gyula Szabó , András Molnár , Attila Németh
Monitoring rare or endangered species is vital for biodiversity conservation, but it is particularly challenging for hidden or elusive species. The subterranean Eurasian blind mole rats are such species. The newly identified endemic species of this group found in the Pannonian Basin (Central Europe) are highly threatened by extinction. Their concealed lifestyle complicates population monitoring, yet such data are crucial for their conservation. To address this problem, a new methodology called HRAMN was introduced, utilizing complex aerial cartographic surveys. The method was tested in two protected areas in Eastern Hungary, home of the endangered Hungarian blind mole rat (Nannospalax hungaricus hungaricus). HRAMN involves collecting data through aerial surveys and producing high-resolution orthophoto mosaics and digital surface models. These data allowed the identification of blind mole rat mounds and the monitoring of population trends. The HRAMN methodology proved to be a highly effective replacement for traditional full-field surveys of blind mole rat habitats. It is particularly useful for monitoring large areas, which had been previously unfeasible. However, certain limiting factors occurred in blind mole rat habitats that require field presence and control, even with the aerial imagery-based HRAMN method. Recommendations have been made to address those limiting factors that have been identified. HRAMN methodology not only enhances survey accuracy but also allows for frequent monitoring, providing unprecedented detail on the population dynamics of these rodents. Additionally, the study explored the relationship between the spatial patterns of the blind mole rat mounds and their habitats, offering deeper insights into their ecology and potentially aiding in the development of more effective conservation strategies.
{"title":"Estimating population abundance and monitoring population trends of endangered, elusive subterranean mammals (Rodentia: Spalacinae: Nannospalax) using HRAMN methodology","authors":"Orsolya Moldován , Szabocs Balogh , Gábor Bakó , Zsolt Molnár , Gyula Szabó , András Molnár , Attila Németh","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring rare or endangered species is vital for biodiversity conservation, but it is particularly challenging for hidden or elusive species. The subterranean Eurasian blind mole rats are such species. The newly identified endemic species of this group found in the Pannonian Basin (Central Europe) are highly threatened by extinction. Their concealed lifestyle complicates population monitoring, yet such data are crucial for their conservation. To address this problem, a new methodology called HRAMN was introduced, utilizing complex aerial cartographic surveys. The method was tested in two protected areas in Eastern Hungary, home of the endangered Hungarian blind mole rat (<em>Nannospalax hungaricus hungaricus</em>). HRAMN involves collecting data through aerial surveys and producing high-resolution orthophoto mosaics and digital surface models. These data allowed the identification of blind mole rat mounds and the monitoring of population trends. The HRAMN methodology proved to be a highly effective replacement for traditional full-field surveys of blind mole rat habitats. It is particularly useful for monitoring large areas, which had been previously unfeasible. However, certain limiting factors occurred in blind mole rat habitats that require field presence and control, even with the aerial imagery-based HRAMN method. Recommendations have been made to address those limiting factors that have been identified. HRAMN methodology not only enhances survey accuracy but also allows for frequent monitoring, providing unprecedented detail on the population dynamics of these rodents. Additionally, the study explored the relationship between the spatial patterns of the blind mole rat mounds and their habitats, offering deeper insights into their ecology and potentially aiding in the development of more effective conservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reserved forests play a vital role in the provision of ecosystem services although the majority of them in low-economy countries like Tanzania experience pressure from direct anthropogenic activities causing deforestation and degradation. The loss of forests undermines their functioning, hence the poor delivery of forest benefits. Although the generic causes of deforestation and degradation are known, their extent and variation are site-specific. Particularly, the dynamics of direct anthropogenic activities in forests are under-studied in the Makere forest reserve in Tanzania. This study aimed to estimate the extent and diversity of direct anthropogenic activities in Makere North Forest Reserve (MNFR) Tanzania and its implications for conservation. Field data were collected from 120 field plots of 800 m2 (0.08 hectare) sizes in three (3) forest study sites bordering Makere, Nyamidaho, and Mvugwe villages. The cross-sectional study design applied a mixed-method approach to quantify and qualify the extent and situation of direct anthropogenic activities in MNFR. The findings indicate that proportions of plots affected by direct anthropogenic activities were logging (79 %), wildfire (51 %), charcoal making (48 %), livestock grazing (35 %), footpaths (34 %), and agriculture (32 %) with beekeeping and firewood collection having lower proportions of plots affected of 03 % and 19 % respectively. However, these proportions were not significantly different between the study sites (x2=0.597, d.f=2, p = 0.7419). The diversity of direct anthropogenic activities was slightly higher for Makere (Shannon-Wiener index, H= 3.211), followed by Nyamidaho (H=3.168) and least for Mvugwe (H=3.074) with overall average diversity at H= 3.151. The average of direct anthropogenic activities per hectare was logging (95 stumps, diameter>5 cm), agriculture (25.7 % cultivated field), firewood collection (16 stumps, diameter ≤5 cm), charcoal making (17 charcoal kilns), beekeeping (0.4 beehives) and footpaths (6 trails). The extent of agriculture and firewood collection per hectare were not significantly different between the study sites (p = 0.4441 and p = 0.5797 respectively). On the other hand, the extent of logging, charcoal-making, beekeeping, and footpaths per hectare significantly differed between the study sites at p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, p = 0.0473, and p = 0.0336 respectively. The results imply that the extent of threatening anthropogenic activities in MNFR is high, thus undermining conservation and making it harder to achieve efficiently the management objectives.
{"title":"The anthropogenic activities in Makere north forest reserve in Tanzania and implications to conservation","authors":"Eberehard Daudi, Hussein Luswaga, Pensia Mapunda, Hamisi Nchimbi","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reserved forests play a vital role in the provision of ecosystem services although the majority of them in low-economy countries like Tanzania experience pressure from direct anthropogenic activities causing deforestation and degradation. The loss of forests undermines their functioning, hence the poor delivery of forest benefits. Although the generic causes of deforestation and degradation are known, their extent and variation are site-specific. Particularly, the dynamics of direct anthropogenic activities in forests are under-studied in the Makere forest reserve in Tanzania. This study aimed to estimate the extent and diversity of direct anthropogenic activities in Makere North Forest Reserve (MNFR) Tanzania and its implications for conservation. Field data were collected from 120 field plots of 800 m<sup>2</sup> (0.08 hectare) sizes in three (3) forest study sites bordering Makere, Nyamidaho, and Mvugwe villages. The cross-sectional study design applied a mixed-method approach to quantify and qualify the extent and situation of direct anthropogenic activities in MNFR. The findings indicate that proportions of plots affected by direct anthropogenic activities were logging (79 %), wildfire (51 %), charcoal making (48 %), livestock grazing (35 %), footpaths (34 %), and agriculture (32 %) with beekeeping and firewood collection having lower proportions of plots affected of 03 % and 19 % respectively. However, these proportions were not significantly different between the study sites (x<sup>2</sup>=0.597, d.f=2, p = 0.7419). The diversity of direct anthropogenic activities was slightly higher for Makere (Shannon-Wiener index, H= 3.211), followed by Nyamidaho (H=3.168) and least for Mvugwe (H=3.074) with overall average diversity at H= 3.151. The average of direct anthropogenic activities per hectare was logging (95 stumps, diameter>5 cm), agriculture (25.7 % cultivated field), firewood collection (16 stumps, diameter ≤5 cm), charcoal making (17 charcoal kilns), beekeeping (0.4 beehives) and footpaths (6 trails). The extent of agriculture and firewood collection per hectare were not significantly different between the study sites (p = 0.4441 and p = 0.5797 respectively). On the other hand, the extent of logging, charcoal-making, beekeeping, and footpaths per hectare significantly differed between the study sites at p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, p = 0.0473, and p = 0.0336 respectively. The results imply that the extent of threatening anthropogenic activities in MNFR is high, thus undermining conservation and making it harder to achieve efficiently the management objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article e03387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号