Pub Date : 2021-08-15DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2021-0023
A. Togo, Shiori Suzuki, Satoshi Kimura, T. Iwata
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Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0019
W. Okumura, H. Nishida, Katsuhiko Nunotani, E. Sugimata, Hiroyuki Hasebe, D. Mori, K. Uzawa
スタンパブルシート[1],もしくは,オルガノシー ト[2]と呼ばれる板状の熱可塑性CFRP中間基材(以 下,スタンパブルシートとする)を赤外線で加熱し, 速やかにプレス機の金型に搬送した後,型締めを行う ことで,約 1分の高速成形が可能となる.本成形法は, 航空機のフレーム同士を締結するクリップと呼ばれる 航空機部品の成形法として採用されており,今後は自 動車部品に展開される事が期待されている.しかしな がら,スタンパブルシート自体の成形速度の高速化が 困難であるという課題がある.これは熱可塑性ポリ マーの溶融粘度が一般的に高いため,炭素繊維束に溶 融した熱可塑性ポリマーを含浸する時間を短縮できな いためである.例えば,ポリプロピレンをマトリック ス樹脂に用いたスタンパブルシートの成形[3]では, 予備加熱時間 10 分,加圧時間 10 分で合計 20 分以上 の成形時間を要している. 近年,モノマーを炭素繊維束に含浸させ,その後重 合することで熱可塑性ポリマーとなる現場重合型熱可 塑性樹脂[4‒6]が注目されている.モノマーの溶融粘 度は熱可塑性ポリマーと比較して数桁低く,炭素繊維 束に含浸するのに有利であると共に,成形後は直鎖状 に重合して熱可塑性を示す特徴がある.現在上市され ている現場重合型熱可塑性樹脂には重合して PA 6 と なる ε-カプロラクタム樹脂[4]や,重合して PMMA となるメチルメタクリレート樹脂[5]等がある.しか し,いずれのモノマーも大気中の湿度で失活する,も Abstract: This study aims to create a novel method for fast mass-production of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) intermediate substrates by using in-Situ polymerizable thermoplastic epoxy resin, which is fed on reinforcing fibers in monomer mixture form in impregnation process and then allowed to rapidly polymerize into linearly-extended thermoplastic high polymer. Comparison between the monomer viscosity of this resin and the melt viscosity of polypropylene (PP) implied that thermoplastic epoxy resin can impregnate into fiber bundles approximately 103 times faster than PP. The investigation of resin applying method to carbon fiber fabrics revealed that linearly applying method was better than planarly applying method in terms of less voids. Finally, two types of polymerization catalysts were investigated to rapidly polymerize thermoplastic epoxy resin. As a result, as short as 2.5-minute polymerization using the phosphorous-type catalyst allowed the resin polymerize into high polymer enough to exhibit practical flexural strength of 900 MPa or more when used as the matrix of CFRTP in the volume fraction of about 50 %. (Received 6 April, 2021; Accepted 1 June, 2021)
通过用红外线加热被称为可冲压片[1]或有机板[2]的板状热塑性CFRP中间基材（以下称为可冲压片），迅速输送到冲压机的模具后，进行合模，可以进行约1分钟的高速成形，作为将飞机框架彼此紧固的被称为夹子的飞机零件的成形法而被采用，今后有望在汽车零件上展开。但是，这是因为热塑性聚合物的熔融粘度一般较高，所以不能缩短将溶融于碳纤维束的热塑性聚合物浸渍的时间，例如，将聚丙烯用于基质树脂的可冲压片材的成形[3]中，预备加热时间10分钟，加压时间10分钟，合计需要20分钟以上的成形时间。近年来，使单体浸渍在碳纤维束中，然后通过聚合而成为热塑性聚合物现场聚合型热塑性树脂[4‒6]受到关注，单体的熔融粘度与热塑性聚合物相比低几个数量级，有利于浸渍在碳纤维束中，在目前上市现场聚合型热塑性树脂中聚合而成为PA6ε-有己内酰胺树脂[4]、聚合后成为PMMA甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂[5]等，但所有单体都在大气中的湿度下失活，都是Abstract:This study aims to create anovel method for fast mass-production of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic（CFRTP）intermediate substrates byusing in-Situ polymerizable moplastic，which is fed on reinforcing fibers in monomer mixture form in impregnation process and then allowed to rapidly polymerize into linearly-extended thermoplastic high polymer。Comparison between the monomer viscosity of this resin and the melt viscosity of polypropylene（PP）implied that thermoplastic epoxy resin can impregnate into fiber bundles approximately103 times faster than PP.The investigation of resin applying method to carbon fiber brics reveed that hot an planarly applying method in terms of less voids。Finally，two types of polymerization catalysts were investigated to rapidly polymerizethermoplastic epoxy resin。As a result，as short as2.5-minute polymerization using the phosphorous-type catalyst allowed the resin polymerize into high polymer enough to exhibit practical flexural strength of 900MPa or more when used as the matrix of CFRTP in the volume fraction of about50%。（Received6April，2021；Accepted1June，2021）
{"title":"Development of CFRTP Intermediate Substrates Using in-Situ Polymerizable Thermoplastic Epoxy Resin","authors":"W. Okumura, H. Nishida, Katsuhiko Nunotani, E. Sugimata, Hiroyuki Hasebe, D. Mori, K. Uzawa","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"スタンパブルシート[1],もしくは,オルガノシー ト[2]と呼ばれる板状の熱可塑性CFRP中間基材(以 下,スタンパブルシートとする)を赤外線で加熱し, 速やかにプレス機の金型に搬送した後,型締めを行う ことで,約 1分の高速成形が可能となる.本成形法は, 航空機のフレーム同士を締結するクリップと呼ばれる 航空機部品の成形法として採用されており,今後は自 動車部品に展開される事が期待されている.しかしな がら,スタンパブルシート自体の成形速度の高速化が 困難であるという課題がある.これは熱可塑性ポリ マーの溶融粘度が一般的に高いため,炭素繊維束に溶 融した熱可塑性ポリマーを含浸する時間を短縮できな いためである.例えば,ポリプロピレンをマトリック ス樹脂に用いたスタンパブルシートの成形[3]では, 予備加熱時間 10 分,加圧時間 10 分で合計 20 分以上 の成形時間を要している. 近年,モノマーを炭素繊維束に含浸させ,その後重 合することで熱可塑性ポリマーとなる現場重合型熱可 塑性樹脂[4‒6]が注目されている.モノマーの溶融粘 度は熱可塑性ポリマーと比較して数桁低く,炭素繊維 束に含浸するのに有利であると共に,成形後は直鎖状 に重合して熱可塑性を示す特徴がある.現在上市され ている現場重合型熱可塑性樹脂には重合して PA 6 と なる ε-カプロラクタム樹脂[4]や,重合して PMMA となるメチルメタクリレート樹脂[5]等がある.しか し,いずれのモノマーも大気中の湿度で失活する,も Abstract: This study aims to create a novel method for fast mass-production of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) intermediate substrates by using in-Situ polymerizable thermoplastic epoxy resin, which is fed on reinforcing fibers in monomer mixture form in impregnation process and then allowed to rapidly polymerize into linearly-extended thermoplastic high polymer. Comparison between the monomer viscosity of this resin and the melt viscosity of polypropylene (PP) implied that thermoplastic epoxy resin can impregnate into fiber bundles approximately 103 times faster than PP. The investigation of resin applying method to carbon fiber fabrics revealed that linearly applying method was better than planarly applying method in terms of less voids. Finally, two types of polymerization catalysts were investigated to rapidly polymerize thermoplastic epoxy resin. As a result, as short as 2.5-minute polymerization using the phosphorous-type catalyst allowed the resin polymerize into high polymer enough to exhibit practical flexural strength of 900 MPa or more when used as the matrix of CFRTP in the volume fraction of about 50 %. (Received 6 April, 2021; Accepted 1 June, 2021)","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49318066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0020
Yan Hao, Xiao Wang, Jing Li, Bing Du, C. Wei
: Mg(OH) 2 particles are immobilized onto the surface of cotton fiber by simple physical heat pressing method with the aid of swelling in ionic liquid and shrinkage in water. The effect of eco-friendly surface pretreatment of cellulase, UV and plasma on Mg(OH) 2 immobilization for thermal stability and flammability of cotton fabric is discussed. Improved swelling effect of cellulose after surface treatment is beneficial to contact of Mg(OH) 2 particles with cotton fiber. Due to good adhesion of Mg(OH) 2 particles to fiber surface after partial dissolution and resolidification of fragmented fibril, the flame retardancy of cotton fabric is significantly enhanced under plasma pretreatment with the afterflame time of 1.0 s and afterglow time of 2.0 s. It is found that cellulase treatment is a mild treating method while plasma pretreatment improves flame retardancy at a cost of damaging fiber in a reasonable range.
{"title":"Influence of Eco-Friendly Surface Pretreatment of Cotton Fabric on Mg(OH)2 Immobilization for Flame Retardancy","authors":"Yan Hao, Xiao Wang, Jing Li, Bing Du, C. Wei","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0020","url":null,"abstract":": Mg(OH) 2 particles are immobilized onto the surface of cotton fiber by simple physical heat pressing method with the aid of swelling in ionic liquid and shrinkage in water. The effect of eco-friendly surface pretreatment of cellulase, UV and plasma on Mg(OH) 2 immobilization for thermal stability and flammability of cotton fabric is discussed. Improved swelling effect of cellulose after surface treatment is beneficial to contact of Mg(OH) 2 particles with cotton fiber. Due to good adhesion of Mg(OH) 2 particles to fiber surface after partial dissolution and resolidification of fragmented fibril, the flame retardancy of cotton fabric is significantly enhanced under plasma pretreatment with the afterflame time of 1.0 s and afterglow time of 2.0 s. It is found that cellulase treatment is a mild treating method while plasma pretreatment improves flame retardancy at a cost of damaging fiber in a reasonable range.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44022507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0017
A. Isaka, T. Ohashi, Fumika Koizumi, E. Fujiwara, S. Ando, A. Kuzuhara
繊維の洗浄力評価に供される試料には,一般に数種 類の油性汚れ,タンパク質汚れ,固体粒子汚れを人工 的に付着させた湿式人工汚染布が使用され,また洗浄 率の評価方法としては,人工汚染布の洗浄前後の光学 的な表面反射率を測定してクベルカ-ムンク係数(K/S 値)を用いる方法が知られている[1].この方法は簡便 なため広く用いられるが,有色汚れ,すなわち固体粒 子汚れに対する洗浄効果のみに対象が限定される. 一方,有色成分を有さない無色の油性汚れの洗浄力 評価は,油性汚れ成分のソックスレー抽出[2],及び ガスクロマトグラフィー[3]や液体クロマトグラ フィー[4]などの分析機器による油性成分の定量化が 一般的に行われているが,試料の前処理や機器の測定 操作が煩雑であることが課題として挙げられる.一方, Tsunesada ら[5]は,繊維に付着した油性成分を有機 溶剤で抽出し,エステル結合を含む油性物質と脂肪酸 をAttenuated Total Reflection(ATR)-フーリエ変換 赤外分光(FT/IR)に基づいて定量する方法を提案して いるが,抽出操作が煩雑であることが同様の課題とし て挙げられる.これに対してGotoh ら[6]は,油性汚 れの指示プローブとして油溶性色素を混合した汚染布 を作製し,表面反射率を間接的に測定して,冒頭で述 べた手法と同様に K/S 値を用いて超音波洗浄の洗浄 力を評価している.しかしこの方法は,油溶性色素の みが選択的に除去される可能性を排除できないことか ら,指示プローブを用いない直接的かつ定量的な油性 汚れ成分の新たな洗浄率の評価手法が求められている. タンパク質汚れ成分の分析方法としては,ローリー 法[7]やビシンコニン酸法[8],ケルダール法[9],ビ ウレット法[10]などがあるが,これらの方法は一般に Abstract: To develop a novel spectroscopic method for quantitative evaluation of detergency, attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FT/IR spectroscopy was applied for quantitative analysis of oiland protein-based soil components adhering to cotton fibres without precedent extraction procedure. In addition, influence of washing time and mechanical action on the detergency of soap (sodium salt of fatty acid) for soils on clothing was examined by using this method. In particular, oiland protein-based soil contents can be separately estimated using relative intensities of their characteristic IR bands of CH2 and CH3 stretching (2930 and 2850 cm) and Amide I (1650 cm), respectively. In case of washing at a rotation rate of 60 rpm, no change was observed for the detergency of oil-based component between 1 and 15 min, whereas the detergency of proteinbased component slightly increased over 10 min. By contrast, in case of washing at 120 rpm, the detergency of two soil components remarkably increased with an increase of washing time. By using ATR-FT/IR method, oiland protein-based soil components attached to the same surface of a wet-type artificially soiled fabric can be directly and separately quantified at the same time. (Received 29 May, 2020; Accepted 30 March, 2021)
用于纤维洗净力评价的试样，一般使用人工附着数种油性污垢、蛋白质污垢、固体粒子污垢的湿式人工污染布，另外，作为洗净率的评价方法，已知测定人工污染布清洗前后的光学表面反射率并使用克贝卡-蒙克系数（K/S值）的方法[1]。该方法由于简便而被广泛使用，但仅限于对有色污垢即固体粒子污垢的清洗效果。另一方面，对于不具有有色成分无色的油性污垢的洗净力评价，一般通过油性污垢成分的索氏提取[2]、气相色谱[3]和液相色谱[4]等分析设备进行油性成分的定量化，另一方面，Tsunesada等人[5]提出了用有机溶剂提取附着在纤维上的油性成分，基于Attenuated Total Reflection（ATR）-傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT/IR）对含有酯键的油性物质和脂肪酸进行定量的方法，提取操作繁杂是同样的课题。对此，Gotoh等人[6]制作了混合了油溶性色素的污染布作为油性污染的指示探针，间接测定表面反射率，与开头所述的方法相同，使用K/S值评价超声波清洗的清洗力，由于不能排除油溶性色素被选择性地除去的可能性，因此要求不使用指示探针的直接且定量的油性污垢成分的新的清洗率的评价方法。蛋白质污染成分的分析方法有劳里法[7]、双膦酸盐法[8]、肯德尔法[9]、维乌莱特法[10]等，这些方法一般为Abstract:Todevelopa novel spectroscopic method for quantitative evaluation of detergency，attenuated total reflection（ATR）-FT/IR spectroscopy was applied forquantitative analysis of oiland protein-based soil components adhering to cotton fibres without precedent extraction procedure。In addition，influence of washing time and mechanical action on the detergency of soap（sodium salt of fatty acid）for soils on clothing was examined by using this method。In particular，oiland protein-based soil contents can be separately estimated using relative intensities of their characteristic IR bands of CH2and CH3stretching（2930and2850cm）and Amide I（1650cm），respectively。In case of washing at a rotation rate of 60rpm，no change was observed for the detergency of oil-based component between1and15min，whereas the detergency of proteinbased component slightly increased over10min。By using ATR-FT/IR method，oiland protein-based soil components attached to the same surface of awet-type artificially soiled fabric can be directly and separately quantified at the same time。（Received29May，2020；Accepted30March，2021）
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Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0018
Eri Ohto-Fujita, N. Nogawa, Miho Shimizu, K. Ijiri, Yukio Hasebe, Y. Atomi
: Chicken eggshell membrane (ESM) is composed of a non-woven fibrous biopolymer fabric cross-linked by collagen (mainly types X and V), lysyl oxidase, and other molecules, including glycoproteins and lipids, which are secreted by cells in the henʼs fallopian tube. ESM has been reported to improve osteoarthritic knee pain when taken as a supplement and to have anti-fibrotic effects in rodents. ESM has physiological effects in vivo after digestion, absorption, and metabolism, but the mechanism of ESM efficacy remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether ESM is digested and absorbed by the body, although its metabolic mechanism has not been described. Although it is possible to create compounds labeled with single molecules, ESMs are insoluble, fibrillar, natural composite materials, and the molecular form of digested and absorbed ESM is unknown, so it is not possible to prepare synthetically labeled compounds. We developed a method for direct tritium labeling of ESM and investigated the absorption of the labeled ESM. Organic compounds, such as proteins, were mixed with lithium carbonate and then irradiated to label with 3 H produced by the 6 Li (n, α ) 3 H reaction. Mice were orally administered tritium-labeled ESM, and blood and tissue radioactivity were measured using a liquid scintillation counter. Tritium-labeled ESM was distributed in the blood and all tissues after oral administration. Our method enabled successful tritium labeling of fibrous ESM, which allowed for metabolic evaluation of the labeled ESM product as it was digested and absorbed by the organs of experimental mice. This advanced tritium recoiling labeling method can be used for in vivo tracking of complex acellular extracellular matrix bioscaffolds used in biomedical research.
{"title":"Application of Neutron-Irradiated 6Li (n, α) 3H Reaction to a Protein-Based Fibrous Non-Woven Fabric Biopolymer: Radiolabeling of Cross-Linked Natural Fibrous Chicken Eggshell Membranes and Their Whole-Body Tissue Distribution after Oral Ingestion in Mice","authors":"Eri Ohto-Fujita, N. Nogawa, Miho Shimizu, K. Ijiri, Yukio Hasebe, Y. Atomi","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0018","url":null,"abstract":": Chicken eggshell membrane (ESM) is composed of a non-woven fibrous biopolymer fabric cross-linked by collagen (mainly types X and V), lysyl oxidase, and other molecules, including glycoproteins and lipids, which are secreted by cells in the henʼs fallopian tube. ESM has been reported to improve osteoarthritic knee pain when taken as a supplement and to have anti-fibrotic effects in rodents. ESM has physiological effects in vivo after digestion, absorption, and metabolism, but the mechanism of ESM efficacy remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether ESM is digested and absorbed by the body, although its metabolic mechanism has not been described. Although it is possible to create compounds labeled with single molecules, ESMs are insoluble, fibrillar, natural composite materials, and the molecular form of digested and absorbed ESM is unknown, so it is not possible to prepare synthetically labeled compounds. We developed a method for direct tritium labeling of ESM and investigated the absorption of the labeled ESM. Organic compounds, such as proteins, were mixed with lithium carbonate and then irradiated to label with 3 H produced by the 6 Li (n, α ) 3 H reaction. Mice were orally administered tritium-labeled ESM, and blood and tissue radioactivity were measured using a liquid scintillation counter. Tritium-labeled ESM was distributed in the blood and all tissues after oral administration. Our method enabled successful tritium labeling of fibrous ESM, which allowed for metabolic evaluation of the labeled ESM product as it was digested and absorbed by the organs of experimental mice. This advanced tritium recoiling labeling method can be used for in vivo tracking of complex acellular extracellular matrix bioscaffolds used in biomedical research.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42113585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0016
T. Ohashi, T. Egami, Miyu Matsumura, A. Isaka, A. Kuzuhara
: In order to investigate the washing effect of alkaline electrolyzed water (SAEW) on three soil components adhering to cotton fabrics, the detergency of oil and protein-based soil components adhering to wet-type artificially soiled fabric washed with SAEW was evaluated by using ATR-FT/IR method. In addition, influence of dilution ratio on detergency of SAEW for soils on clothing was examined by using this method. The detergency of oil- and protein-based soils components at each dilution ratio of SAEW was significantly higher than that of solid particle soil component, suggesting that SAEW is superior to not only the detergency of solid particle soil, but also that of oil- and protein-based soils. The detergency of oil- and protein-based soil components washed with 75-fold diluted SAEW was found to be higher than a commercial liquid detergent (standard usage). From these experiments, it was clarified that the washing using SAEW was not only effective methods of reducing the environmental load and damage to the fabric, but also removing oil- and protein-based soil components adhering to cotton fabrics.
{"title":"Evaluation of Detergency of Alkaline Electrolyzed Water Using ATR-FT/IR Method","authors":"T. Ohashi, T. Egami, Miyu Matsumura, A. Isaka, A. Kuzuhara","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":": In order to investigate the washing effect of alkaline electrolyzed water (SAEW) on three soil components adhering to cotton fabrics, the detergency of oil and protein-based soil components adhering to wet-type artificially soiled fabric washed with SAEW was evaluated by using ATR-FT/IR method. In addition, influence of dilution ratio on detergency of SAEW for soils on clothing was examined by using this method. The detergency of oil- and protein-based soils components at each dilution ratio of SAEW was significantly higher than that of solid particle soil component, suggesting that SAEW is superior to not only the detergency of solid particle soil, but also that of oil- and protein-based soils. The detergency of oil- and protein-based soil components washed with 75-fold diluted SAEW was found to be higher than a commercial liquid detergent (standard usage). From these experiments, it was clarified that the washing using SAEW was not only effective methods of reducing the environmental load and damage to the fabric, but also removing oil- and protein-based soil components adhering to cotton fabrics.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49141664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0012
Ryoka Shoji, Saki Yoshida, S. Kanehashi, K. Okamoto, Ma Guanghui, K. Ogino
Recently, particles of polymer composites including polymer-polymer blends and hybrids with inorganic materials with various functionalities have been applied to biomedical fields [1], optical devices [2], and so on. The particles of polymer composites have been prepared by several techniques. Especially, a microfluidic device has received considerable attention because of the simple procedure to fabricate multiple-phase emulsions utilizing the laminar flow inside narrow capillaries, and multiple phases can be formed in the interiors of the emulsion droplets, resulting in the formation of multi-phased polymer microspheres [3, 4]. Nisisako et al. reported that a microfluidic system which involves a binary mixture of monomer droplets containing different pigments produces the polymer particles of Janus types [5]. In contrast, the approaches using the self-assembly of multi-components, i.e., the phase separation of polymers, can also afford microspheres with internal and surface nanostructures. Nanostructured microspheres exhibit a potential for applications in the next generation such as the optical and photonic 【Transaction】
{"title":"Formation of Hierarchical Structure in Microspheres Fabricated with Microfluidic Method based on Homopolymer Blend","authors":"Ryoka Shoji, Saki Yoshida, S. Kanehashi, K. Okamoto, Ma Guanghui, K. Ogino","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, particles of polymer composites including polymer-polymer blends and hybrids with inorganic materials with various functionalities have been applied to biomedical fields [1], optical devices [2], and so on. The particles of polymer composites have been prepared by several techniques. Especially, a microfluidic device has received considerable attention because of the simple procedure to fabricate multiple-phase emulsions utilizing the laminar flow inside narrow capillaries, and multiple phases can be formed in the interiors of the emulsion droplets, resulting in the formation of multi-phased polymer microspheres [3, 4]. Nisisako et al. reported that a microfluidic system which involves a binary mixture of monomer droplets containing different pigments produces the polymer particles of Janus types [5]. In contrast, the approaches using the self-assembly of multi-components, i.e., the phase separation of polymers, can also afford microspheres with internal and surface nanostructures. Nanostructured microspheres exhibit a potential for applications in the next generation such as the optical and photonic 【Transaction】","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43908245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Fabrics woven with paper yarns show the higher cool touch feeling rather than conventional cotton yarn fabrics. We evaluated semi-quantitatively the transverse heat conduction of a single paper yarn to elucidate its high cool touch feeling and discussed the origin of the high heat conduction on the context of the inner structure of the yarn comparing with the cotton yarn. Thermo-sensitive inks show chromatic changes depending on temperature and we applied the ink on the single yarn as a thermo-indicator. The time depending temperature of the single paper yarn after contact on a heated metal plate showed a faster increase than that of the cotton yarns indicating the higher transverse heat conduction of the paper yarn. The observations of the microstructure of the yarns were investigated by Scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was inferred that the less anisotropy of the fiber orientation and the tight packing of the fibers in the paper yarn should be the structural origin of the higher transverse heat conduction of the paper yarn giving rise to the higher cool touch feeling.
{"title":"Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of Heat Conduction of Paper Yarn and Cotton Yarn along Transverse Direction Using Thermo-sensitive Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Ink","authors":"Hiroki Murase, Shoko Kezuka, Keiko Ishihara, Sumiko Goto","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":": Fabrics woven with paper yarns show the higher cool touch feeling rather than conventional cotton yarn fabrics. We evaluated semi-quantitatively the transverse heat conduction of a single paper yarn to elucidate its high cool touch feeling and discussed the origin of the high heat conduction on the context of the inner structure of the yarn comparing with the cotton yarn. Thermo-sensitive inks show chromatic changes depending on temperature and we applied the ink on the single yarn as a thermo-indicator. The time depending temperature of the single paper yarn after contact on a heated metal plate showed a faster increase than that of the cotton yarns indicating the higher transverse heat conduction of the paper yarn. The observations of the microstructure of the yarns were investigated by Scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was inferred that the less anisotropy of the fiber orientation and the tight packing of the fibers in the paper yarn should be the structural origin of the higher transverse heat conduction of the paper yarn giving rise to the higher cool touch feeling.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44888131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0010
K. Tashiro
: The study of the mechanical deformation behavior is indispensable for endowing more excellent mechanical property to the fibers. In particular the information on the behavior of the crystalline region is basically important. One typical experiment is to trace the structural change in the crystalline (and amorphous) region of the fiber subjected to a tensile force by measuring the change of the X-ray scattering pattern, for example. In principle, the mechanical property of the crystalline phase should be constant as an ultimate property of the semi-crystalline polymer materials. However, the actually detected mechanical deformation behavior of the crystalline region is not constant always but it changes sensitively depending on the sample preparation condition or the higher-order structure. This apparently curious behavior comes from the heterogeneous stress distribution in the fiber, which is speculated to be caused by the existence of the highly-tensioned tie chains in the amorphous region passing through the stacked lamellae. In the present article the important roles of the taut tie chains are reviewed concretely from the various aspects including the quantitative evaluation of the Youngʼs modulus along the chain axis (crystallite modulus), the clarification of the stress-induced phase transition, the improvement of the stress cracking property, the interpretation of fracture phenomenon and so on.
{"title":"A Role of Taut Tie Chains in the Heterogeneous Stress Distribution and Mechanical Deformation Behavior of Synthetic and Natural Fibers","authors":"K. Tashiro","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":": The study of the mechanical deformation behavior is indispensable for endowing more excellent mechanical property to the fibers. In particular the information on the behavior of the crystalline region is basically important. One typical experiment is to trace the structural change in the crystalline (and amorphous) region of the fiber subjected to a tensile force by measuring the change of the X-ray scattering pattern, for example. In principle, the mechanical property of the crystalline phase should be constant as an ultimate property of the semi-crystalline polymer materials. However, the actually detected mechanical deformation behavior of the crystalline region is not constant always but it changes sensitively depending on the sample preparation condition or the higher-order structure. This apparently curious behavior comes from the heterogeneous stress distribution in the fiber, which is speculated to be caused by the existence of the highly-tensioned tie chains in the amorphous region passing through the stacked lamellae. In the present article the important roles of the taut tie chains are reviewed concretely from the various aspects including the quantitative evaluation of the Youngʼs modulus along the chain axis (crystallite modulus), the clarification of the stress-induced phase transition, the improvement of the stress cracking property, the interpretation of fracture phenomenon and so on.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41882937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0008
Chiari Isami, A. Kondo, A. Goto, S. Sukigara
: Black fabrics with different surface textures generated from the weave structure and yarn type were selected to examine how viewing distance affects changes in impression. Participants evaluated 16 fabrics draped over the spherical stand from a distance of 150 cm, then evaluated their visual-only and visual̶ tactile impressions from a distance of 15 cm. Semantic differential scaling of ±3 points for 12 bipolar adjective pairs word were used. It was found that the fabric impression of transparency and gloss were influenced by the viewing distance. When the gloss was perceived at 150 cm, the impression did not change at the shorter distance for samples F8 (shantung) and F15 (lawn). Regarding aesthetic components such as beautiful, like was perceived more visually at 150 cm than with a visual̶tactile evaluation at 15 cm. The mechanical and surface properties of the fabrics were measured using the KES-FB system. An obvious change in perception of hardness/softness between two viewing distance were observed for samples with low bending rigidity. Surface morphology characteristics such as surface roughness (SMD) and mean deviation of surface friction (MMD) and air resistance are useful parameters for understanding the changes in impression according to viewing distance.
{"title":"Effects of Viewing Distance on Visual and Visual-Tactile Evaluation of Black Fabric","authors":"Chiari Isami, A. Kondo, A. Goto, S. Sukigara","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":": Black fabrics with different surface textures generated from the weave structure and yarn type were selected to examine how viewing distance affects changes in impression. Participants evaluated 16 fabrics draped over the spherical stand from a distance of 150 cm, then evaluated their visual-only and visual̶ tactile impressions from a distance of 15 cm. Semantic differential scaling of ±3 points for 12 bipolar adjective pairs word were used. It was found that the fabric impression of transparency and gloss were influenced by the viewing distance. When the gloss was perceived at 150 cm, the impression did not change at the shorter distance for samples F8 (shantung) and F15 (lawn). Regarding aesthetic components such as beautiful, like was perceived more visually at 150 cm than with a visual̶tactile evaluation at 15 cm. The mechanical and surface properties of the fabrics were measured using the KES-FB system. An obvious change in perception of hardness/softness between two viewing distance were observed for samples with low bending rigidity. Surface morphology characteristics such as surface roughness (SMD) and mean deviation of surface friction (MMD) and air resistance are useful parameters for understanding the changes in impression according to viewing distance.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46066404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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