Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0006
Y. Horiba, Takumi Amano, S. Inui, Takato Yamada
: Clothing pressure is one of the most important factors in clothing design as it is closely related to the wearing comfort of a garment. Although a few examples of estimating clothing pressure via simulation have been reported so far, the calculations are often difficult since clothing simulation is a non-linear analysis. Therefore, this study proposes a convenient method for estimating clothing pressure by combining a generic apparel computer aided design (CAD) program and finite element analysis software. In the first step, the three-dimensional (3D) shape of the clothing is acquired from its pattern using an apparel CAD program. Then, with the 3D shape of the clothing as the initial shape, a finite element analysis is conducted to calculate the contact between the human body and the clothing using the stress and strain arising in the cloth when it is worn as the loading conditions. Finally, the clothing pressure is computed as the pressure at the contact surface between the clothing and the human body. To validate the proposed method, the clothing pressures of two types of underwear-type compression wear were measured while draped on a torso. When compared to the actual measured values, the average error of the proposed method was 0.24 kPa and the correlation was r = 0.83. These results confirm that the proposed method can estimate clothing pressure with a reasonable degree of accuracy.
{"title":"Proposal of Method for Estimating Clothing Pressure of Tight-Fitting Garment Made from Highly Elastic Materials: Hybrid Method Using Apparel CAD and Finite Element Analysis Software","authors":"Y. Horiba, Takumi Amano, S. Inui, Takato Yamada","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":": Clothing pressure is one of the most important factors in clothing design as it is closely related to the wearing comfort of a garment. Although a few examples of estimating clothing pressure via simulation have been reported so far, the calculations are often difficult since clothing simulation is a non-linear analysis. Therefore, this study proposes a convenient method for estimating clothing pressure by combining a generic apparel computer aided design (CAD) program and finite element analysis software. In the first step, the three-dimensional (3D) shape of the clothing is acquired from its pattern using an apparel CAD program. Then, with the 3D shape of the clothing as the initial shape, a finite element analysis is conducted to calculate the contact between the human body and the clothing using the stress and strain arising in the cloth when it is worn as the loading conditions. Finally, the clothing pressure is computed as the pressure at the contact surface between the clothing and the human body. To validate the proposed method, the clothing pressures of two types of underwear-type compression wear were measured while draped on a torso. When compared to the actual measured values, the average error of the proposed method was 0.24 kPa and the correlation was r = 0.83. These results confirm that the proposed method can estimate clothing pressure with a reasonable degree of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49541732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0007
Takumi Yoshida, M. Segi
ポリプロピレン(PP)は汎用樹脂の中で最も比重が 小さく,耐熱性,剛性に優れるうえ,透明性,耐水性, 耐薬品性,絶縁性も良好である.PPはこれらの優れ た特性から,自動車,雑貨,家電,医療機器,繊維な ど様々な分野で利用されている[1].しかしながら, 繊維用途としては,染着座席を全く持たない分子構造 に由来する染色性の乏しさから,ファッション性が要 求される服地用途には向かないという短所がある[2]. これまでに実施または研究されている PP繊維の染 色方法として,樹脂の製造時に顔料を混練する方法(原 液着色)[3],PP繊維に染色可能な部材や官能基を導 入する方法[4],超臨界流体を用いて染料を繊維内部 に浸透させる方法[5],繊維の表面を電子線で改質す る方法[6]などがある.しかしながら,原液着色では 染色可能な色の種類が限られる点や糸染めでしか行う ことができない点,染色可能な部材の導入では物性の 変化による PPの良特性が低減してしまう点,超臨界 流体染色では専用染色機の導入が必要でありイニシャ ルコストが増加する点など様々な課題がある. そこで,著者らはこれらの課題を解決すべく,カチ オン染料の還元と酸化作用に着眼して応用した新たな PP繊維の染色方法を開発した[7].メチレンブルー のようなカチオン性発色団は,還元剤の存在下,アル カリ水溶液中で加熱すると,無色のロイコ体に還元さ れるが,その溶液を空気酸化すると再び還元前の色に 戻る現象がブルーボトル反応として知られている[8]. この反応を応用し,以下の方法を考案した.その方法 は,まず,塩基性水溶液中,還元剤でカチオン染料を 還元することにより,PP繊維へのカチオン染料の浸 透性と親和性を高め,繊維内部へカチオン染料を吸収 させる.続いて,この吸収させたカチオン染料を酸性 水溶液中で,溶存酸素を酸化剤として再酸化処理する ことにより定着させるというものである(Fig. 1).な お,この再酸化処理により,カチオン染料元来の対ア Abstract: The dyeing method of polypropylene fibers applied reduction and oxidation of a cationic dye was investigated by using several dyes having phenyl phenazium, acridinium or oxazinium skeleton. Especially for dyes with phenoxazinium skeleton, Basic Blue 3 derivatives having different amino groups (dimethyl amino, diethyl amino, dipropyl amino, and dibutyl amino), counter anions (chloride, bromide, iodide, hydrogensulfite, and nitrate), and chalcogen elements (S and Se) were synthesized, and the effect of differences in their molecular structures on the dyeability was investigated. As a result, the effectiveness of dyes having the above skeleton for this dyeing method was confirmed. Moreover, the results showed that elimination and decomposition of substituents, hydrophobicity and bulkiness of the dye also affect the dyeability. (Received 5 September, 2020; Accepted 13 November, 2020)
聚丙烯(PP)在通用树脂中比重最小，具有良好的耐热性和刚度，而且具有透明性、耐水性、由于PP具有良好的耐化学性能和绝缘性，因此PP被广泛应用于汽车、杂货、家电、医疗器械、纤维等领域。[1]但是，作为纤维用途，由于完全没有染色座椅的分子结构导致染色性差，所以不适合用于要求时尚性的面料。[2].目前为止已经实施或研究过。作为PP纤维的染色方法，在制造树脂时混合颜料的方法(原液着色)[3]，向PP纤维导入可染色的构件和官能团的方法[4]，使用超临界流体在纤维内部制造染料渗透的方法[5]，用电子线对纤维表面进行改性的方法[6]等。但是，原液着色只能通过可染色的颜色种类有限的点和线染色来进行。不能，导入可染色部件会降低因物性变化而产生的PP的优良特性，超临界流体染色需要导入专用染色机而增加滤纸成本等各种各样的课题。因此，为了解决这些问题，作者开发了一种新的PP纤维染色方法，着眼于价值离子染料的还原和氧化作用。[7].在还原剂的存在下，存在类似亚甲基蓝的价值离子性发色团。在钾水溶液中加热时，还原为无色的亮子体，但对该溶液进行空气氧化时，又恢复到还原前的颜色，这种现象被称为蓝瓶反应[8].应用该反应，研究出以下方法:首先，在碱性水溶液中用还原剂还原阳离子染料，从而提高阳离子染料对PP纤维的浸透性和亲和性，使纤维内部吸收阳离子染料。让他做。接着，将吸收的阳离子染料在酸性水溶液中，以溶解氧为氧化剂进行再氧化处理，使其定影(Fig. 1).另外，通过再氧化处理，阳离子染料的原质相对abstract:The dyeing method of polypropylene fibers applied reduction and oxidation of a cationic dye wasinvestigated by using several dyes having phenyl phenazium，acridinium or oxazinium skeleton. Especially for dyes with phenoxazinium skeleton，Basic Blue 3 derivatives having different amino groups (dimethyl amino, diethyl amino，dipropyl amino, and dibutyl amino)， counter anions (chloride, bromide, iodide, hydrogensulfite，and nitrate)， chalcogen元素(S and Se) were synthesized，and the effect of differences in their molecular structures on the dyeability was investigated. As aresult,the effectiveness of dyes having the above skeleton for this dyeing method was confirmed. Moreover，the results showed that elimination and decomposition of substituents，hydrophobicity and bulkiness of the dye also affect the dyeability. (Received 5 September, 2020;Accepted 13 November, 2020)
{"title":"Dyeing Method for Polypropylene Fibers Utilizing Reduction and Oxidation of Cationic Dyes","authors":"Takumi Yoshida, M. Segi","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"ポリプロピレン(PP)は汎用樹脂の中で最も比重が 小さく,耐熱性,剛性に優れるうえ,透明性,耐水性, 耐薬品性,絶縁性も良好である.PPはこれらの優れ た特性から,自動車,雑貨,家電,医療機器,繊維な ど様々な分野で利用されている[1].しかしながら, 繊維用途としては,染着座席を全く持たない分子構造 に由来する染色性の乏しさから,ファッション性が要 求される服地用途には向かないという短所がある[2]. これまでに実施または研究されている PP繊維の染 色方法として,樹脂の製造時に顔料を混練する方法(原 液着色)[3],PP繊維に染色可能な部材や官能基を導 入する方法[4],超臨界流体を用いて染料を繊維内部 に浸透させる方法[5],繊維の表面を電子線で改質す る方法[6]などがある.しかしながら,原液着色では 染色可能な色の種類が限られる点や糸染めでしか行う ことができない点,染色可能な部材の導入では物性の 変化による PPの良特性が低減してしまう点,超臨界 流体染色では専用染色機の導入が必要でありイニシャ ルコストが増加する点など様々な課題がある. そこで,著者らはこれらの課題を解決すべく,カチ オン染料の還元と酸化作用に着眼して応用した新たな PP繊維の染色方法を開発した[7].メチレンブルー のようなカチオン性発色団は,還元剤の存在下,アル カリ水溶液中で加熱すると,無色のロイコ体に還元さ れるが,その溶液を空気酸化すると再び還元前の色に 戻る現象がブルーボトル反応として知られている[8]. この反応を応用し,以下の方法を考案した.その方法 は,まず,塩基性水溶液中,還元剤でカチオン染料を 還元することにより,PP繊維へのカチオン染料の浸 透性と親和性を高め,繊維内部へカチオン染料を吸収 させる.続いて,この吸収させたカチオン染料を酸性 水溶液中で,溶存酸素を酸化剤として再酸化処理する ことにより定着させるというものである(Fig. 1).な お,この再酸化処理により,カチオン染料元来の対ア Abstract: The dyeing method of polypropylene fibers applied reduction and oxidation of a cationic dye was investigated by using several dyes having phenyl phenazium, acridinium or oxazinium skeleton. Especially for dyes with phenoxazinium skeleton, Basic Blue 3 derivatives having different amino groups (dimethyl amino, diethyl amino, dipropyl amino, and dibutyl amino), counter anions (chloride, bromide, iodide, hydrogensulfite, and nitrate), and chalcogen elements (S and Se) were synthesized, and the effect of differences in their molecular structures on the dyeability was investigated. As a result, the effectiveness of dyes having the above skeleton for this dyeing method was confirmed. Moreover, the results showed that elimination and decomposition of substituents, hydrophobicity and bulkiness of the dye also affect the dyeability. (Received 5 September, 2020; Accepted 13 November, 2020)","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47233929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0009
Tatsuma Kunimitsu, Shuji Warashina, Toshifumi Ikaga, Kyounghou Kim, Y. Ohkoshi, K. Koike
Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has the excellent characteristics of light weight, high recycling efficiency, and chemical resistance, and it is used for molded products and films, as well as for fibers. iPP fiber is mainly used for industrial materials [1], for which high tensile strength is desired from the viewpoint of environmental loading and energy consumption [2]. Commonly used iPP is synthesized using Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing multiple active sites, which causes a wide molecular weight distribution [3, 4]. In comparison, metallocene catalysts with a single active site can synthesize iPP with a narrower molecular weight distribution [3, 5]. In addition, high stereoregularity iPP was recently synthesized using a metallocene catalyst [6‒11]. Using the high stereoregularity and narrower molecular weight distribution iPP, fibers with higher tensile strength than Ziegler-Natta iPP fibers can be fabricated [11]. It is also known that the high molecular weight polymer can be used to fabricate high strength fibers [2, 12]. However, unfortunately, the long relaxation time of the high molecular weight polymer requires a high melt-spinning temperature, which tends to promote a molecular weight decrease [12], and it often reduces the effect of the high molecular weight. Fortunately, the above narrow molecular weight distribution iPP reportedly suppresses the molecular weight decrease during melt-spinning [13]. A further increase of the tensile strength can then be expected by using this type of iPP with higher molecular weight. In this study, fibers fabricated using the above type of metallocene iPP with 4 g/10 min melt index were analyzed, including their tensile properties, creep behavior at high temperature, and fiber structure. The molecular weight decrease during melt-spinning at 270-290 ̊C was also investigated. To estimate the attainable maximum tensile strength, the extruded polymer was taken up at the lowest possible speed, and the as-spun fiber was drawn up to the maximum draw ratio at the highest possible temperature. The nanometer to micrometer scale fiber structures were analyzed by wide, small, and ultra-small angle X-ray measurements. The obtained results were compared with those of Ziegler-Natta iPP with equivalent molecular weight and 【Transaction】
{"title":"High Strength Metallocene Catalyst-Synthesized Polypropylene Fibers with High Stereoregularity and High Molecular Weight","authors":"Tatsuma Kunimitsu, Shuji Warashina, Toshifumi Ikaga, Kyounghou Kim, Y. Ohkoshi, K. Koike","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has the excellent characteristics of light weight, high recycling efficiency, and chemical resistance, and it is used for molded products and films, as well as for fibers. iPP fiber is mainly used for industrial materials [1], for which high tensile strength is desired from the viewpoint of environmental loading and energy consumption [2]. Commonly used iPP is synthesized using Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing multiple active sites, which causes a wide molecular weight distribution [3, 4]. In comparison, metallocene catalysts with a single active site can synthesize iPP with a narrower molecular weight distribution [3, 5]. In addition, high stereoregularity iPP was recently synthesized using a metallocene catalyst [6‒11]. Using the high stereoregularity and narrower molecular weight distribution iPP, fibers with higher tensile strength than Ziegler-Natta iPP fibers can be fabricated [11]. It is also known that the high molecular weight polymer can be used to fabricate high strength fibers [2, 12]. However, unfortunately, the long relaxation time of the high molecular weight polymer requires a high melt-spinning temperature, which tends to promote a molecular weight decrease [12], and it often reduces the effect of the high molecular weight. Fortunately, the above narrow molecular weight distribution iPP reportedly suppresses the molecular weight decrease during melt-spinning [13]. A further increase of the tensile strength can then be expected by using this type of iPP with higher molecular weight. In this study, fibers fabricated using the above type of metallocene iPP with 4 g/10 min melt index were analyzed, including their tensile properties, creep behavior at high temperature, and fiber structure. The molecular weight decrease during melt-spinning at 270-290 ̊C was also investigated. To estimate the attainable maximum tensile strength, the extruded polymer was taken up at the lowest possible speed, and the as-spun fiber was drawn up to the maximum draw ratio at the highest possible temperature. The nanometer to micrometer scale fiber structures were analyzed by wide, small, and ultra-small angle X-ray measurements. The obtained results were compared with those of Ziegler-Natta iPP with equivalent molecular weight and 【Transaction】","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67638619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0002
Lina Wakako, T. Kinari
: In this study, the influences of the fabric color of pantyhose (PS) on the visually perceived surface roughness were investigated. Sensory evaluations and relevant statistical analyses of the visually perceived PS surface roughness (VPPSSR) were conducted using a plate-type leg model for Japanese females; the model was covered with beige-colored PS. The visual information of the PS-covered plate-type leg model did not provide visual features usable as cues for the visual evaluation of an objectʼs surface roughness, such as a highlight pattern. The PS-covered leg models used for the sensory evaluation included eight different beige fabric colors and three different apparent colors, owing to differences in the stitch density on the leg model. Additionally, the visual features obtained via an image analysis of the PS-covered leg model were examined. As a result, it was confirmed that the VPPSSR was influenced by the apparent color of the PS-covered leg model. In conclusion, the VPPSSR in beige-colored PS is influenced by the fabric color, especially the L * value; the brighter the fabric color, the finer the VPPSSR.
{"title":"Effects of Fabric Color on Visually Perceived Pantyhose Surface Roughness via Investigation Using Plate-Type Leg Model","authors":"Lina Wakako, T. Kinari","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, the influences of the fabric color of pantyhose (PS) on the visually perceived surface roughness were investigated. Sensory evaluations and relevant statistical analyses of the visually perceived PS surface roughness (VPPSSR) were conducted using a plate-type leg model for Japanese females; the model was covered with beige-colored PS. The visual information of the PS-covered plate-type leg model did not provide visual features usable as cues for the visual evaluation of an objectʼs surface roughness, such as a highlight pattern. The PS-covered leg models used for the sensory evaluation included eight different beige fabric colors and three different apparent colors, owing to differences in the stitch density on the leg model. Additionally, the visual features obtained via an image analysis of the PS-covered leg model were examined. As a result, it was confirmed that the VPPSSR was influenced by the apparent color of the PS-covered leg model. In conclusion, the VPPSSR in beige-colored PS is influenced by the fabric color, especially the L * value; the brighter the fabric color, the finer the VPPSSR.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42515198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0003
Maika Tamari, M. Asano, Masaki Nakajima, H. Katakura, K. Katsuraya
: In this study, we focused on the heat of vaporization of clothing as a method of effectively cooling body temperature. In the first place, a method using a KES thermal analysis apparatus (KES-F 7-II, Thermo Lab II) was developed for the heat of vaporization measurement in fabrics. Although the heat of vaporization measurement of fabrics has been shown to be feasible, the measurement results have been indicated to be strongly influenced by the structure of the fabrics. Therefore, it was necessary to measure each yarn in order to compare the materials and the structure of the yarn. The heat of vaporization is exactly proportional to the amount of vaporized water. Therefore, it is considered that the cooling effect depends on how much water can be vaporized per unit time. Utilizing this theory, a method for measuring the heat of vaporization of clothing could be considered. Two types of methods were developed, one is a method using a high-precision balance under no wind, and the other is a method using a thermo camera in a wind environment. It was shown that the heat of vaporization in the yarn can be measured by measuring various test samples using these measuring methods. Furthermore, the relationship between the heat of vaporization and the structure of the yarn was examined by X-ray CT measurement.
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Methods in Measurement of Heat of Vaporization for Fabric and Yarn","authors":"Maika Tamari, M. Asano, Masaki Nakajima, H. Katakura, K. Katsuraya","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, we focused on the heat of vaporization of clothing as a method of effectively cooling body temperature. In the first place, a method using a KES thermal analysis apparatus (KES-F 7-II, Thermo Lab II) was developed for the heat of vaporization measurement in fabrics. Although the heat of vaporization measurement of fabrics has been shown to be feasible, the measurement results have been indicated to be strongly influenced by the structure of the fabrics. Therefore, it was necessary to measure each yarn in order to compare the materials and the structure of the yarn. The heat of vaporization is exactly proportional to the amount of vaporized water. Therefore, it is considered that the cooling effect depends on how much water can be vaporized per unit time. Utilizing this theory, a method for measuring the heat of vaporization of clothing could be considered. Two types of methods were developed, one is a method using a high-precision balance under no wind, and the other is a method using a thermo camera in a wind environment. It was shown that the heat of vaporization in the yarn can be measured by measuring various test samples using these measuring methods. Furthermore, the relationship between the heat of vaporization and the structure of the yarn was examined by X-ray CT measurement.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42449390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0001
Masaki Kakiage, K. Komatsu
: Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) tapes are commercially prepared by skiving a compacted block of UHMW-PE powder. However, the mechanical properties of a skived film are poor, and the production of a thin film is difficult. In this study, we succeeded in preparing UHMW-PE tapes from UHMW-PE reactor powder by multiple melt processing, i.e., melt-extrusion, melt-rolling, and melt-drawing. UHMW-PE reactor powder was continuously melt-extruded into a strand without melt fracture. The obtained melt-extruded strand was repeatedly melt-rolled at 155 and 150 ˚C in order and with stepwise reduction of the gap between the rolls to form a tape. The obtained tape (as-rolled tape) was melt-drawn at 155 ˚C to achieve high tensile strength and thin thickness. The maximum draw ratio ( DR ) was the highest under a strain rate of 5/min. The development of the crystalline structure of the melt-drawn tapes was investigated by wide-angle X -ray diffraction measurements and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Extended-chain crystals (ECCs) were formed by melt-drawing of the as-rolled tape and developed with increasing DR , resulting in high tensile strength. The melt-drawn tape prepared by melt-drawing with DR of 15 under a strain rate of 5/min exhibited the most enhanced ECC formation and the highest degree of crystalline orientation, resulting in a tensile strength of 0.56 GPa and a thickness of 70 µ m. Consequently, a thin UHMW-PE tape with superior tensile strength was prepared from UHMW-PE reactor powder by multiple melt processing.
{"title":"Preparation of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Tapes by Multiple Melt Processing","authors":"Masaki Kakiage, K. Komatsu","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":": Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) tapes are commercially prepared by skiving a compacted block of UHMW-PE powder. However, the mechanical properties of a skived film are poor, and the production of a thin film is difficult. In this study, we succeeded in preparing UHMW-PE tapes from UHMW-PE reactor powder by multiple melt processing, i.e., melt-extrusion, melt-rolling, and melt-drawing. UHMW-PE reactor powder was continuously melt-extruded into a strand without melt fracture. The obtained melt-extruded strand was repeatedly melt-rolled at 155 and 150 ˚C in order and with stepwise reduction of the gap between the rolls to form a tape. The obtained tape (as-rolled tape) was melt-drawn at 155 ˚C to achieve high tensile strength and thin thickness. The maximum draw ratio ( DR ) was the highest under a strain rate of 5/min. The development of the crystalline structure of the melt-drawn tapes was investigated by wide-angle X -ray diffraction measurements and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Extended-chain crystals (ECCs) were formed by melt-drawing of the as-rolled tape and developed with increasing DR , resulting in high tensile strength. The melt-drawn tape prepared by melt-drawing with DR of 15 under a strain rate of 5/min exhibited the most enhanced ECC formation and the highest degree of crystalline orientation, resulting in a tensile strength of 0.56 GPa and a thickness of 70 µ m. Consequently, a thin UHMW-PE tape with superior tensile strength was prepared from UHMW-PE reactor powder by multiple melt processing.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46887443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0004
Y. Kataoka, K. Goda
: Green composites have high specific strength and rigidity that are comparable to those of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) and other artificial fiber reinforced plastics. A recently developed unidirectional sheet of flax fibers is available as a laminate similarly to carbon fibers. Laminates generally have low strength in the thickness direction. Although Zanchor is often applied to overcome this shortcoming, Zanchor effects on the mechanical properties of green composites remain unclear. For this study, artificial entanglement was created by needle-punching of a unidirectional flax fiber sheet. Epoxy resin matrix composites were produced using hot-pressing to elucidate tensile property changes. Results show that needle-punching decreased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus in the fiber direction, although these properties increased in the direction vertical to the fiber. Furthermore, by quantifying the out-of-plane fiber orientation, we assessed effects of two fiber-orientation changes deriving from needle-punching.
{"title":"Tensile Properties of an Epoxy Resin Matrix Composite Reinforced with Needle-Punched Flax UD Fiber Bundles","authors":"Y. Kataoka, K. Goda","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":": Green composites have high specific strength and rigidity that are comparable to those of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) and other artificial fiber reinforced plastics. A recently developed unidirectional sheet of flax fibers is available as a laminate similarly to carbon fibers. Laminates generally have low strength in the thickness direction. Although Zanchor is often applied to overcome this shortcoming, Zanchor effects on the mechanical properties of green composites remain unclear. For this study, artificial entanglement was created by needle-punching of a unidirectional flax fiber sheet. Epoxy resin matrix composites were produced using hot-pressing to elucidate tensile property changes. Results show that needle-punching decreased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus in the fiber direction, although these properties increased in the direction vertical to the fiber. Furthermore, by quantifying the out-of-plane fiber orientation, we assessed effects of two fiber-orientation changes deriving from needle-punching.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67639080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0005
Zhitong Shen, S. Suye, S. Fujita
: We designed a new approach to realize in situ radical polymerization of monomers without liquid solvent to obtain gel fibers using electrospinning. Poly ( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is one of the most studied thermo-sensitive polymers. The N -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer was electrospun in conjugation with poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a polymerization matrix. NIPAM in the electrospun nanofibers was polymerized via irradiation with UV light in the presence of a photoinitiator. The polymerization was confirmed by chemical analysis with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and morphological observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after removing monomers through washing. The anisotropy of PNIPAM fibers was controlled by the rotation speed of the collector. This approach would be useful for the medical and biological application of anisotropic PNIPAM hydrogel nanofibers, as well as in other polymers.
{"title":"In Situ Radical Polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide in Electrospun Anisotropic Nanofiber of Poly (Ethylene Oxide)","authors":"Zhitong Shen, S. Suye, S. Fujita","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":": We designed a new approach to realize in situ radical polymerization of monomers without liquid solvent to obtain gel fibers using electrospinning. Poly ( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is one of the most studied thermo-sensitive polymers. The N -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer was electrospun in conjugation with poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a polymerization matrix. NIPAM in the electrospun nanofibers was polymerized via irradiation with UV light in the presence of a photoinitiator. The polymerization was confirmed by chemical analysis with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and morphological observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after removing monomers through washing. The anisotropy of PNIPAM fibers was controlled by the rotation speed of the collector. This approach would be useful for the medical and biological application of anisotropic PNIPAM hydrogel nanofibers, as well as in other polymers.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46128962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2021-0028
S. Hayashi, H. Amano
{"title":"Heat Flux Exposure Experiment of Fire-Fighting Hose and Development of Anti-Radiant HeatCover","authors":"S. Hayashi, H. Amano","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67638703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2021-0029
Eri Ohto-Fujita, Nozomi Hatakeyama, Aya Atomi, Shunsuke Yasuda, Shoki Kodama, T. Atomi, Kazuya Tanaka, Noboru Hirose, K. Harada, Y. Asano, Toshiyuki Watanabe, Yukio Hasebe, Miho Shimizu, Y. Atomi
{"title":"Effect of Eggshell Membrane Powder Intake on the Body Function of Healthy Individuals","authors":"Eri Ohto-Fujita, Nozomi Hatakeyama, Aya Atomi, Shunsuke Yasuda, Shoki Kodama, T. Atomi, Kazuya Tanaka, Noboru Hirose, K. Harada, Y. Asano, Toshiyuki Watanabe, Yukio Hasebe, Miho Shimizu, Y. Atomi","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67638783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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