Small watershed ecological compensation is an important economic means to solve the contradiction between protecting the ecological environment and developing the economy. Taking the Changtian small watershed in the Xixiu District of Anshun City as an example, this paper uses the ecological service function value method to roughly calculate the ecological service function value of the small watershed ecosystem: the ecological service function value of the Changtian small watershed is 913.586 million yuan, and the total amount of ecological compensation is 11.6245 million yuan, of which the farmland system compensation is 1.3194 million yuan, the forest system compensation is 7.5336 million yuan, and the water system compensation is 256,000 yuan, The compensation for the fruit forest system is 2,515,500 yuan. Based on the value of ecosystem service function, the compensated and non-compensated ecosystem service functions are distinguished, and the equivalent factors that different ecosystems can provide compensated ecosystem functions are expressed, so that the determination of ecological compensation amount is scientific and more accurate, and then provides a basis for the determination of ecological compensation standard of the small watershed.
{"title":"Calculation of ecological compensation standard in a small watershed—Based on the ecological service function value method","authors":"Guo-sheng Wu, Rui Dong, Fawen Yu","doi":"10.24294/sf.v4i2.1612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v4i2.1612","url":null,"abstract":"Small watershed ecological compensation is an important economic means to solve the contradiction between protecting the ecological environment and developing the economy. Taking the Changtian small watershed in the Xixiu District of Anshun City as an example, this paper uses the ecological service function value method to roughly calculate the ecological service function value of the small watershed ecosystem: the ecological service function value of the Changtian small watershed is 913.586 million yuan, and the total amount of ecological compensation is 11.6245 million yuan, of which the farmland system compensation is 1.3194 million yuan, the forest system compensation is 7.5336 million yuan, and the water system compensation is 256,000 yuan, The compensation for the fruit forest system is 2,515,500 yuan. Based on the value of ecosystem service function, the compensated and non-compensated ecosystem service functions are distinguished, and the equivalent factors that different ecosystems can provide compensated ecosystem functions are expressed, so that the determination of ecological compensation amount is scientific and more accurate, and then provides a basis for the determination of ecological compensation standard of the small watershed.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88786869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work was carried out with the purpose of generating ecological and silvicultural information oriented to sustainable management. The horizontal structure was evaluated using the importance value index of Curtis and Macintosh, the vertical structure using Finol’s methodology. Through the sociological position index, the percentage natural regeneration and the extended importance value index were estimated in order to infer the permanence of the forest ecosystem. The floristic composition was represented by species of the families Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae, Santalaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapotaceae, Simarubaceae, Ulmaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Capparidaceae, Borraginaceae and Achatocarpaceae. In the horizontal structure, the species with the highest rank was Acacia praecox, followed in order of importance by Schinopsis balansae, Aspidosperma quebracho blanco and Prosopis kuntzei. According to sociological position, Acacia praecox was the most representative species, followed by Patagonula americana, Schinus longifolius, Proposis kuntzei and Aspidosperma quebracho blanco. The species with the best regeneration values were Achatocarpus nigricans and Acacia praecox in the shrub layer and Patagonula americana in the tree layer. The extended importance index consolidated the category of Acacia praecox in the community and gave a better category to Schinopsis balansae, Aspidosperma quebracho blanco, Prosopis kuntzei and Patagonula americana.
{"title":"Characterization of a forest in the center west of the province of Chaco, Argentina","authors":"Julio Félix Michela, Margarita Juárez De Galíndez","doi":"10.24294/sf.v4i2.1611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v4i2.1611","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out with the purpose of generating ecological and silvicultural information oriented to sustainable management. The horizontal structure was evaluated using the importance value index of Curtis and Macintosh, the vertical structure using Finol’s methodology. Through the sociological position index, the percentage natural regeneration and the extended importance value index were estimated in order to infer the permanence of the forest ecosystem. The floristic composition was represented by species of the families Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae, Santalaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapotaceae, Simarubaceae, Ulmaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Capparidaceae, Borraginaceae and Achatocarpaceae. In the horizontal structure, the species with the highest rank was Acacia praecox, followed in order of importance by Schinopsis balansae, Aspidosperma quebracho blanco and Prosopis kuntzei. According to sociological position, Acacia praecox was the most representative species, followed by Patagonula americana, Schinus longifolius, Proposis kuntzei and Aspidosperma quebracho blanco. The species with the best regeneration values were Achatocarpus nigricans and Acacia praecox in the shrub layer and Patagonula americana in the tree layer. The extended importance index consolidated the category of Acacia praecox in the community and gave a better category to Schinopsis balansae, Aspidosperma quebracho blanco, Prosopis kuntzei and Patagonula americana.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76030549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1989700
Gabriela Quesada-Ávila, B. Turner, Jefferson S. Hall
ABSTRACT The use of native species for timber plantations in the tropics has lately gained interest. Recent studies have shown that native tree plantations can have greater economic, and ecological benefits than non-native plantations. Facilitative nutritional interactions with nitrogen-fixing trees are a common practice used in hopes of enhancing nitrogen input. Dalbergia retusa and Terminalia amazonia are two neotropical species frequently used for timber extraction. In order to understand these species belowground interactions, we worked on 33 plots of the T. amazonia and D. retusa mixtures in the Agua Salud Project Native Species plantations in Panama. The objective of this study was to assess if soil biochemical properties under T. amazonia trees might be influenced by D. retusa in these mixtures. For this, soil samples were collected and analyzed for nitrogen pools, extractable cations and selected phosphorus constituents. Our results showed that nutrient concentrations were not significantly different below D. restusa and T. amazonia trees. Nonetheless, temporal and physicochemical characteristics of the plantation might be influencing the tree performance and should be considered for a better understanding of the nutrient dynamics in native tree plantations.
{"title":"No Evidence that the Valuable Timber Species, Dalbergia retusa, Enhances Nutrient Cycling and Uptake by Neighboring Timber Species","authors":"Gabriela Quesada-Ávila, B. Turner, Jefferson S. Hall","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1989700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1989700","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of native species for timber plantations in the tropics has lately gained interest. Recent studies have shown that native tree plantations can have greater economic, and ecological benefits than non-native plantations. Facilitative nutritional interactions with nitrogen-fixing trees are a common practice used in hopes of enhancing nitrogen input. Dalbergia retusa and Terminalia amazonia are two neotropical species frequently used for timber extraction. In order to understand these species belowground interactions, we worked on 33 plots of the T. amazonia and D. retusa mixtures in the Agua Salud Project Native Species plantations in Panama. The objective of this study was to assess if soil biochemical properties under T. amazonia trees might be influenced by D. retusa in these mixtures. For this, soil samples were collected and analyzed for nitrogen pools, extractable cations and selected phosphorus constituents. Our results showed that nutrient concentrations were not significantly different below D. restusa and T. amazonia trees. Nonetheless, temporal and physicochemical characteristics of the plantation might be influencing the tree performance and should be considered for a better understanding of the nutrient dynamics in native tree plantations.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"205 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48208571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1993926
H. Le, H. Dang, Steven Harrison
ABSTRACT There is a wide range of potential factors directly and indirectly influencing the decision of households participating in Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) programs. These potential factors can be grouped into characteristics of household heads, household characteristics, awareness of households on REDD+ program, and REDD+ policies factors. In this study, a survey conducted of 250 households (including 125 households participating and 125 non-participants in REDD+ program) in Ban Cam commune, Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province (150 households); and in Muong Phang commune, Dien Bien district, Dien Bien province (100 households), Vietnam. Binary logistic regression was used to identify key factors that significantly affect the decisions of households participating in REDD+ programs in the study area. Six key factors influencing household participation in REDD+ programs in the study area were identified, namely ethnicity, forestland area, educational level of household head, concern about forest degradation, equal distribution of government payment, and understanding of benefit on REDD+. The findings of this research provide implications for solution development, with the aim being to encourage participation of local households in REDD+ programs in the study area.
{"title":"Key Factors Influencing Vietnam REDD+ Participation","authors":"H. Le, H. Dang, Steven Harrison","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1993926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1993926","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a wide range of potential factors directly and indirectly influencing the decision of households participating in Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) programs. These potential factors can be grouped into characteristics of household heads, household characteristics, awareness of households on REDD+ program, and REDD+ policies factors. In this study, a survey conducted of 250 households (including 125 households participating and 125 non-participants in REDD+ program) in Ban Cam commune, Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province (150 households); and in Muong Phang commune, Dien Bien district, Dien Bien province (100 households), Vietnam. Binary logistic regression was used to identify key factors that significantly affect the decisions of households participating in REDD+ programs in the study area. Six key factors influencing household participation in REDD+ programs in the study area were identified, namely ethnicity, forestland area, educational level of household head, concern about forest degradation, equal distribution of government payment, and understanding of benefit on REDD+. The findings of this research provide implications for solution development, with the aim being to encourage participation of local households in REDD+ programs in the study area.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"241 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46758588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1992637
T. J. Boettcher, Shuva Gautam, J. Cook
ABSTRACT Two species of invasive shrubs are causing extensive environmental harm across North America. Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) and glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus P. Mill.), originally imported from Europe, have become naturalized in many different ecosystems and are causing negative effects on associated ecosystem services. These invasive plants often create dense, monotypic stands that out-compete native plant species for nutrients and light. Current control methods, including manual or mechanical removal, are expensive and are mainly limited to destroying the buckthorn on site. The high cost of removal may be a barrier for restoration. Economic valuation should be carried out in terms of ecosystems services to better understand the cost-benefit of removing buckthorn. A cost-effective solution for removing buckthorn should also be explored. In this review, the state of the knowledge on the effects of buckthorn and its cost associated with major ecosystem services were synthesized. Existing methods to harvest and transport buckthorn and potential new methods were compiled. Finally, a policy review of buckthorn was completed for states where buckthorn is most prevalent. Findings from this review will be important for applying an economic cost to buckthorn and revealing where more work can be done.
{"title":"The Impact of Invasive Buckthorn on Ecosystem Services and its Potential for Bioenergy Production: A review","authors":"T. J. Boettcher, Shuva Gautam, J. Cook","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1992637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1992637","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two species of invasive shrubs are causing extensive environmental harm across North America. Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) and glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus P. Mill.), originally imported from Europe, have become naturalized in many different ecosystems and are causing negative effects on associated ecosystem services. These invasive plants often create dense, monotypic stands that out-compete native plant species for nutrients and light. Current control methods, including manual or mechanical removal, are expensive and are mainly limited to destroying the buckthorn on site. The high cost of removal may be a barrier for restoration. Economic valuation should be carried out in terms of ecosystems services to better understand the cost-benefit of removing buckthorn. A cost-effective solution for removing buckthorn should also be explored. In this review, the state of the knowledge on the effects of buckthorn and its cost associated with major ecosystem services were synthesized. Existing methods to harvest and transport buckthorn and potential new methods were compiled. Finally, a policy review of buckthorn was completed for states where buckthorn is most prevalent. Findings from this review will be important for applying an economic cost to buckthorn and revealing where more work can be done.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"218 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45076848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contradiction between the ability of forestry that provides high-quality and abundant forestry products and good ecological services, and the demand for high-quality and diversified forestry products and service in order to meet the people’s rapid growing, has become the main contradiction faced by forestry development in new era. Since the area of forest resources in China is restricted by the expansion space, expanding the effective supply of forestry must mainly depends on the improvement of the quality and structure of forestry resources. Therefore, the focus of promoting forestry development is to comprehensively improve the level of forest management in the new era. Based on the analysis of the causes for the low level of forest management, it is proposed that forestry development in the new era should focus on the positively stimulating and strengthening the human capital development, etc., which come from the current following aspects: innovating forest management theory and model, clarifying the relationship between government and market.
{"title":"Rethinking forest management issues in China in the context of the new era","authors":"Derong Lin","doi":"10.24294/sf.v4i2.1610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v4i2.1610","url":null,"abstract":"The contradiction between the ability of forestry that provides high-quality and abundant forestry products and good ecological services, and the demand for high-quality and diversified forestry products and service in order to meet the people’s rapid growing, has become the main contradiction faced by forestry development in new era. Since the area of forest resources in China is restricted by the expansion space, expanding the effective supply of forestry must mainly depends on the improvement of the quality and structure of forestry resources. Therefore, the focus of promoting forestry development is to comprehensively improve the level of forest management in the new era. Based on the analysis of the causes for the low level of forest management, it is proposed that forestry development in the new era should focus on the positively stimulating and strengthening the human capital development, etc., which come from the current following aspects: innovating forest management theory and model, clarifying the relationship between government and market.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82946869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1979413
Feilong Huang, Weiliang Fan, H. Du, Xiaojun Xu, Jun Wu, Mengxiang Zheng, Yongjin Du
ABSTRACT All ground-based estimations of leaf area index (LAI) of Moso bamboo canopies are currently conducted based on indirect remote sensing methods. However, the relatively small values of LAI estimated by previous studies conflict with the expected values of such extremely dense canopies of Moso bamboo. This is the first attempt to accurately estimate the LAI of Moso bamboo canopies using an allometric model based on destructive measurements. The results indicate that (1) LAI of Moso bamboo canopies range was 6.7–30.6 m2·m−2, which is clearly higher than the range 2.2–6.5 m2·m−2 estimated by previous studies; (2) there is a strong linear relationship between LAI and crown density (R2 = 0.947, RMSE = 1.343); (3) LAI is largely underestimated using the digital hemispherical photography (DHP) because of the overestimation of clumping index; and (4) there is a strong exponential relationship between LAI and effective leaf area (Le) estimated using DHP (R2 = 0.734, RMSE = 3.011). Based on the results, three methods are recommended for LAI estimations of Moso bamboo canopies using the allometric relationship, the empirical relationship with crown density, and the empirical relationship with Le.
{"title":"Estimation of Leaf Area Index of Moso Bamboo Canopies","authors":"Feilong Huang, Weiliang Fan, H. Du, Xiaojun Xu, Jun Wu, Mengxiang Zheng, Yongjin Du","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1979413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1979413","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT All ground-based estimations of leaf area index (LAI) of Moso bamboo canopies are currently conducted based on indirect remote sensing methods. However, the relatively small values of LAI estimated by previous studies conflict with the expected values of such extremely dense canopies of Moso bamboo. This is the first attempt to accurately estimate the LAI of Moso bamboo canopies using an allometric model based on destructive measurements. The results indicate that (1) LAI of Moso bamboo canopies range was 6.7–30.6 m2·m−2, which is clearly higher than the range 2.2–6.5 m2·m−2 estimated by previous studies; (2) there is a strong linear relationship between LAI and crown density (R2 = 0.947, RMSE = 1.343); (3) LAI is largely underestimated using the digital hemispherical photography (DHP) because of the overestimation of clumping index; and (4) there is a strong exponential relationship between LAI and effective leaf area (Le) estimated using DHP (R2 = 0.734, RMSE = 3.011). Based on the results, three methods are recommended for LAI estimations of Moso bamboo canopies using the allometric relationship, the empirical relationship with crown density, and the empirical relationship with Le.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"189 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44797066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1980053
M. Maublanc, J. Gerard, Denis Picot, M. Goulard, P. Ballon, J. Hamard, É. Bideau
ABSTRACT We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of neighboring vegetation to protect cherry-wood (Prunus avium) saplings against roe deer browsing and rubbing, and determine whether this protection varies according to the attractiveness of – and the physical barrier provided by – a variety of nurse shrubs. Our results show that nurse shrubs may delay roe deer browsing and rubbing on highly attractive cherry-wood saplings, even in a situation of high deer density. The most obstructing shrubs at roe deer knee to shoulder height (Populus x canescens and Cytisus scoparius) appeared to be efficient barriers, whereas the spiny shrub (Elaeagnus angustifolia) did not protect saplings more efficiently than thornless species. Yet, obstruction appeared to be less effective against browsing when the nurse species was itself browsed (Cornus sanguinea and Alnus cordata). Since roe deer may help to reduce plantation cleaning through the control of the shrub layer, especially brambles, we argue that natural methods of protection using surrounding vegetation should represent an economic and sustainable alternative to artificial protection of saplings.
摘要/ ABSTRACT摘要:本研究通过田间试验，评价了周边植被对樱桃木(Prunus avium)树苗保护的有效性，并确定了这种保护是否会根据不同护理灌木的吸引力和提供的物理屏障而变化。我们的研究结果表明，即使在鹿密度很高的情况下，护理灌木也会延迟狍对高度吸引的樱桃木树苗的浏览和摩擦。在鹿膝至肩高的灌木中，最具阻隔性的是白杨(Populus x canescens)和石竹(Cytisus scoparius)，而带刺灌木(Elaeagnus angustifolia)对树苗的保护效果不如无刺灌木。然而，当看护物种(Cornus sanguinea和Alnus cordata)本身被浏览时，阻碍似乎对浏览效果较差。由于狍可以通过控制灌木层，特别是荆棘层来帮助减少人工林的清洁，我们认为利用周围植被的自然保护方法应该是人工保护树苗的经济和可持续的替代方法。
{"title":"Using Shrubs as Nurse-plants to Reduce Browsing and Rubbing Damage by Roe Deer: An Experimental Approach","authors":"M. Maublanc, J. Gerard, Denis Picot, M. Goulard, P. Ballon, J. Hamard, É. Bideau","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1980053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1980053","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of neighboring vegetation to protect cherry-wood (Prunus avium) saplings against roe deer browsing and rubbing, and determine whether this protection varies according to the attractiveness of – and the physical barrier provided by – a variety of nurse shrubs. Our results show that nurse shrubs may delay roe deer browsing and rubbing on highly attractive cherry-wood saplings, even in a situation of high deer density. The most obstructing shrubs at roe deer knee to shoulder height (Populus x canescens and Cytisus scoparius) appeared to be efficient barriers, whereas the spiny shrub (Elaeagnus angustifolia) did not protect saplings more efficiently than thornless species. Yet, obstruction appeared to be less effective against browsing when the nurse species was itself browsed (Cornus sanguinea and Alnus cordata). Since roe deer may help to reduce plantation cleaning through the control of the shrub layer, especially brambles, we argue that natural methods of protection using surrounding vegetation should represent an economic and sustainable alternative to artificial protection of saplings.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"41 1","pages":"847 - 860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45852295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1979414
Simon Shibru, H. Asres, Seyoum A. Getaneh, Shetie Gatew
ABSTRACT Forest restoration depends on the availability of seeds in the soils. Understanding relationships between soil seed banks and aboveground flora is vital for framing strategies to ensure sustainable use of forest ecosystems. Human-induced pressures are threatening the natural forests of Southern Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to compare the relationships between aboveground and soil seed bank flora of the plantation and natural forest, Southern Ethiopia. Thirty-nine 20 m by 20 m quadrats were laid along six transects. Woody species with DBH ≥ 2.5 cm were recorded in each quadrat. Overall, 117 composite soil samples were collected from three soil layers of 1 m × 1 m subplots. The soil seed bank was analyzed using the seedling emergence technique. The findings revealed that the aboveground vegetation was represented by 55 woody species, whereas the soil seed bank flora was represented by 31. The seed abundance, species richness and diversity decreased with increasing soil depth. Sorensen’s similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground flora was low inferring low restoration potential from the SSB in the natural and plantation forests. Therefore, in-situ conservation measures other than SSB alone should be implemented for sustainable development and use of the forest ecosystem.
{"title":"Aboveground and Soil Seed Bank Woody Flora Comparison in Plantation and Natural Forest, Southern Ethiopia: An Implication for Forest Ecosystem Sustainability","authors":"Simon Shibru, H. Asres, Seyoum A. Getaneh, Shetie Gatew","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1979414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1979414","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forest restoration depends on the availability of seeds in the soils. Understanding relationships between soil seed banks and aboveground flora is vital for framing strategies to ensure sustainable use of forest ecosystems. Human-induced pressures are threatening the natural forests of Southern Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to compare the relationships between aboveground and soil seed bank flora of the plantation and natural forest, Southern Ethiopia. Thirty-nine 20 m by 20 m quadrats were laid along six transects. Woody species with DBH ≥ 2.5 cm were recorded in each quadrat. Overall, 117 composite soil samples were collected from three soil layers of 1 m × 1 m subplots. The soil seed bank was analyzed using the seedling emergence technique. The findings revealed that the aboveground vegetation was represented by 55 woody species, whereas the soil seed bank flora was represented by 31. The seed abundance, species richness and diversity decreased with increasing soil depth. Sorensen’s similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground flora was low inferring low restoration potential from the SSB in the natural and plantation forests. Therefore, in-situ conservation measures other than SSB alone should be implemented for sustainable development and use of the forest ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"41 1","pages":"829 - 846"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47036125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1978096
Víctor Balaguer-Benlliure, R. Moya, J. Gaitán-Alvarez
ABSTRACT Charcoal production from woody species from fast-growth plantations has gained importance in a variety of uses. The objective of the present work is to determine the density, compression resistance, moisture content (MC), gross calorific value (GCV), ash and volatile content, chemical modification by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum and thermogravimetric degradation of charcoal produced by pyrolysis at 450°C from sixteen tropical woods from fast-growth plantations in Costa Rica. The results showed values of MC of 2.65–7.72%, density of 0.15–0.39 g/cm3, compression strength of 19.07–82.92 kg/cm2, ash content of 0.26–7.98%, GCV of 32.10–24.29 MJ/kg, volatile matter of 22.45–33.34%, fixed carbon of 60.36–68.91%, carbon of 78.51–69.43%, hydrogen of 4.15–3.55%, oxygen of 17.25–26.56%, O/C ratio of 0.17–0.29 and H/C ratio of 0.56–0.64. FTIR spectrum evidenced the presence of OH, CH2, C = O, C-O-C groups, common in pyrolyzed biomass. TGA analysis showed two types of behavior, which differ in that one group presents two peaks between 200°C and 800°C. The multivariate analysis by principal components (PC) applied to charcoal characteristics measured in sixteen species showed that the variations of these characteristics can be explained up to 99% and four groups were established.
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