Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1978097
Mohammad Bashir Mahmoodi, Mohammad Nasir Shalizi, J. Groninger, K. Akamani, Safiullah Khurram
ABSTRACT Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) forests support livelihoods in communities within Afghanistan’s Pistachio Belt, a region characterized by extreme poverty and chronic insecurity. In this study, we used ecological data, as well as survey data to characterize standing attributes and resource user perceptions about local pistachio forests and their management. The survey questionnaire was verbally administered to 507 household representatives in remote communities that were chosen from eight districts in northern and northwestern Afghanistan based on accessibility and their location within the Pistachio Belt. Stand density and tree form varied widely between sites and as a function of elevation. Partial harvesting for fuelwood collection was positively correlated with stand density. The survey data also showed that pistachio forests support a variety of livelihood activities among respondents and their households. However, suboptimal nut collection timing and use of damaging nut harvesting methods were widespread with little effort to accommodate natural regeneration. Forest users typically recognized the degraded condition of the pistachio forest and the negative impacts of grazing and fuelwood collection on forest density. Respondents also recognized the impacts of nut collection practices, fuelwood collection, and grazing on forest regeneration status. These results suggest that efforts to sustainably manage pistachio forests must recognize considerable variation within and between communities regarding forest physical condition, accustomed uses by associated communities, and existing or potential mechanisms regulating forest uses. All of these necessitate context-specific forest management planning. We discuss challenges inherent to collecting baseline data needed for planning multiple-use community-based natural resources management in highly insecure environments.
摘要：开心果（Pistacia vera L.）森林支持阿富汗开心果带社区的生计，该地区以极端贫困和长期不安全为特点。在这项研究中，我们使用生态数据和调查数据来描述当地开心果森林及其管理的林分属性和资源使用者感知。调查问卷对阿富汗北部和西北部八个地区的507名偏远社区的家庭代表进行了口头管理，这些代表是根据交通便利性和他们在开心果带内的位置选择的。林分密度和树形在不同地点之间以及作为海拔的函数而变化很大。薪材采集的部分采伐与林分密度呈正相关。调查数据还显示，开心果森林支持受访者及其家庭的各种生计活动。然而，不理想的坚果收集时间和破坏性坚果收获方法的使用普遍存在，几乎没有努力适应自然再生。森林使用者通常认识到开心果森林的退化状况以及放牧和薪材收集对森林密度的负面影响。受访者还认识到坚果采集做法、薪材采集和放牧对森林再生状况的影响。这些结果表明，可持续管理开心果森林的努力必须认识到社区内部和社区之间在森林物理条件、相关社区的习惯用途以及管理森林用途的现有或潜在机制方面存在相当大的差异。所有这些都需要针对具体情况进行森林管理规划。我们讨论了在高度不安全的环境中收集规划多用途社区自然资源管理所需的基线数据所固有的挑战。
{"title":"Stand Characteristics and Perceptions of Local Communities on the Management of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Forests in an Unstable Region of Afghanistan","authors":"Mohammad Bashir Mahmoodi, Mohammad Nasir Shalizi, J. Groninger, K. Akamani, Safiullah Khurram","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1978097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1978097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) forests support livelihoods in communities within Afghanistan’s Pistachio Belt, a region characterized by extreme poverty and chronic insecurity. In this study, we used ecological data, as well as survey data to characterize standing attributes and resource user perceptions about local pistachio forests and their management. The survey questionnaire was verbally administered to 507 household representatives in remote communities that were chosen from eight districts in northern and northwestern Afghanistan based on accessibility and their location within the Pistachio Belt. Stand density and tree form varied widely between sites and as a function of elevation. Partial harvesting for fuelwood collection was positively correlated with stand density. The survey data also showed that pistachio forests support a variety of livelihood activities among respondents and their households. However, suboptimal nut collection timing and use of damaging nut harvesting methods were widespread with little effort to accommodate natural regeneration. Forest users typically recognized the degraded condition of the pistachio forest and the negative impacts of grazing and fuelwood collection on forest density. Respondents also recognized the impacts of nut collection practices, fuelwood collection, and grazing on forest regeneration status. These results suggest that efforts to sustainably manage pistachio forests must recognize considerable variation within and between communities regarding forest physical condition, accustomed uses by associated communities, and existing or potential mechanisms regulating forest uses. All of these necessitate context-specific forest management planning. We discuss challenges inherent to collecting baseline data needed for planning multiple-use community-based natural resources management in highly insecure environments.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"170 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46772565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1969251
Rida Ayub, Z. Siddiq, M. U. Hayyat, T. Iftikhar
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to estimate relative growth rates (RGR) and above- and below-ground biomass stocks of 10 tree species commonly planted in arid irrigated urban areas in Pakistan. Saplings were grown in the Botanic Garden of Government College University, Lahore. The growth was monitored for a year and a half and then trees were destructively harvested to assess biomass stocks. The mean relative growth rate ranged from 0.03 ± 0.021 cm cm−1 day−1 to 0.28 ± 0.016 cm cm−1 day−1. The mean above-ground oven dried biomass ranged from 0.51 ± 0.071 kg to 28.34 ± 3.746 kg, while the mean below-ground biomass ranged from 0.12 ± 0.053 kg to 7.35 ± 0.605 kg. Further, we found that the RGR was significantly and positively correlated with above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, and root-shoot ratios. Across all 80 individuals of the studied species, diameter at tree base was significantly and positively related to whole tree biomass (R2 = 0.80). In this study we have developed the species-specific equations to estimate biomass in young urban species. Such data will be helpful for plantation decision makers, who may need to select the species according to relative growth rates and biomass allocation.
摘要本研究旨在估算巴基斯坦干旱灌溉城市地区常见的10种树木的相对生长率（RGR）和地上和地下生物量存量。树苗生长在拉合尔政府学院大学植物园。对生长进行了一年半的监测，然后对树木进行破坏性采伐，以评估生物量存量。平均相对生长率范围为0.03±0.021 cm cm−1天−1至0.28±0.016 cm cm−一天−1。平均地上烘干生物量在0.51±0.071 kg至28.34±3.746 kg之间，而平均地下生物量在0.12±0.053 kg至7.35±0.605 kg之间。此外，我们发现RGR与地上生物量、地下生物量和根冠比显著正相关。在所研究物种的所有80个个体中，树基直径与整棵树的生物量呈显著正相关（R2=0.80）。在本研究中，我们开发了物种特异性方程来估计年轻城市物种的生物量。这些数据将有助于种植园决策者，他们可能需要根据相对生长率和生物量分配来选择物种。
{"title":"Relative Growth Rate and Biomass Allocation Among Some Important Commonly Planted Trees in an Irrigated Urban Landscape","authors":"Rida Ayub, Z. Siddiq, M. U. Hayyat, T. Iftikhar","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1969251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1969251","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to estimate relative growth rates (RGR) and above- and below-ground biomass stocks of 10 tree species commonly planted in arid irrigated urban areas in Pakistan. Saplings were grown in the Botanic Garden of Government College University, Lahore. The growth was monitored for a year and a half and then trees were destructively harvested to assess biomass stocks. The mean relative growth rate ranged from 0.03 ± 0.021 cm cm−1 day−1 to 0.28 ± 0.016 cm cm−1 day−1. The mean above-ground oven dried biomass ranged from 0.51 ± 0.071 kg to 28.34 ± 3.746 kg, while the mean below-ground biomass ranged from 0.12 ± 0.053 kg to 7.35 ± 0.605 kg. Further, we found that the RGR was significantly and positively correlated with above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, and root-shoot ratios. Across all 80 individuals of the studied species, diameter at tree base was significantly and positively related to whole tree biomass (R2 = 0.80). In this study we have developed the species-specific equations to estimate biomass in young urban species. Such data will be helpful for plantation decision makers, who may need to select the species according to relative growth rates and biomass allocation.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"135 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42368766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1944879
S. Hlaiem, Islem Yangui, G. Della Rocca, S. Barberini, R. Danti, M. L. Ben Jamâa
ABSTRACT Forest decline is a widespread phenomenon on coasts throughout the Mediterranean basin. Pathogenic fungi are amongst the main causes of forest tree diseases. Diplodia species, having a cosmopolitan distribution, are well-known as pathogens of woody plant hosts including Pinus spp. In recent years, symptoms of shoot dieback, necrosis, twig blight, canopy transparency and trunk cankers have been observed on Pinus pinea trees in Tunisian forests. Nevertheless, this has been less well-studied in North Africa and especially in Tunisia. The purpose of this study is to report the occurrence of Diplodia species causing dieback on P. pinea in two forests in northeastern and the northern Tunisia. A collection of fifty-eight isolates were obtained from symptomatic branches of P. pinea trees. Three Diplodia species were identified: D. africana, D. pseudoseriata and D. scrobiculata by means of morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis. Their incidence on P. pinea trees appeared to be significantly correlated to the dendrometric parameters and ecological factors. A pathogenicity test was conducted on 3-years-old P. pinea seedlings, confirmed the virulence of three Diplodia species. Based on the length of vascular necrosis in the wood of the P. pinea inoculated stem, D. scrobiculata was the most virulent species. Data from the present study provide the first report of the species of Diplodia associated with P. pinea dieback in Tunisia.
{"title":"Diplodia Species Causing Dieback on Pinus Pinea: Relationship Between Disease Incidence, Dendrometric and Ecological Parameters","authors":"S. Hlaiem, Islem Yangui, G. Della Rocca, S. Barberini, R. Danti, M. L. Ben Jamâa","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1944879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1944879","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forest decline is a widespread phenomenon on coasts throughout the Mediterranean basin. Pathogenic fungi are amongst the main causes of forest tree diseases. Diplodia species, having a cosmopolitan distribution, are well-known as pathogens of woody plant hosts including Pinus spp. In recent years, symptoms of shoot dieback, necrosis, twig blight, canopy transparency and trunk cankers have been observed on Pinus pinea trees in Tunisian forests. Nevertheless, this has been less well-studied in North Africa and especially in Tunisia. The purpose of this study is to report the occurrence of Diplodia species causing dieback on P. pinea in two forests in northeastern and the northern Tunisia. A collection of fifty-eight isolates were obtained from symptomatic branches of P. pinea trees. Three Diplodia species were identified: D. africana, D. pseudoseriata and D. scrobiculata by means of morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis. Their incidence on P. pinea trees appeared to be significantly correlated to the dendrometric parameters and ecological factors. A pathogenicity test was conducted on 3-years-old P. pinea seedlings, confirmed the virulence of three Diplodia species. Based on the length of vascular necrosis in the wood of the P. pinea inoculated stem, D. scrobiculata was the most virulent species. Data from the present study provide the first report of the species of Diplodia associated with P. pinea dieback in Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"59 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43611415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1961277
S. Mohammadi Limaei, Z. Mohammadi
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to estimate the optimal forest harvest considering economic and environmental objectives in an uneven-aged forest in the north of Iran. Required data were collected such as stumpage price, harvesting variable costs, growth, volume, basal area, sequestrated carbon, carbon dioxide storage, and price. The required input models for optimization were estimated using the collected data. A stochastic dynamic programming technique was used for optimization. The results indicated that the harvesting volume was higher when only the economic objective was considered instead of considering economic and environmental objectives. The results also indicated that the harvesting volume would occur at a higher level of volume per hectare if we only consider the environmental objective. The results showed that the expected present value was higher when economic and environmental objectives were considered simultaneously. The results indicated when interest rate increased, the harvesting time and the expected present value decreased. The results showed that the expected present value increases with increasing the risk. The results of this study can be a guideline for optimal forest management.
{"title":"Optimal Forest Management Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming Approach – A Case Study from the Hyrcanian Forests of Iran","authors":"S. Mohammadi Limaei, Z. Mohammadi","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1961277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1961277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to estimate the optimal forest harvest considering economic and environmental objectives in an uneven-aged forest in the north of Iran. Required data were collected such as stumpage price, harvesting variable costs, growth, volume, basal area, sequestrated carbon, carbon dioxide storage, and price. The required input models for optimization were estimated using the collected data. A stochastic dynamic programming technique was used for optimization. The results indicated that the harvesting volume was higher when only the economic objective was considered instead of considering economic and environmental objectives. The results also indicated that the harvesting volume would occur at a higher level of volume per hectare if we only consider the environmental objective. The results showed that the expected present value was higher when economic and environmental objectives were considered simultaneously. The results indicated when interest rate increased, the harvesting time and the expected present value decreased. The results showed that the expected present value increases with increasing the risk. The results of this study can be a guideline for optimal forest management.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"120 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49261223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest transition is a trend change process from decreasing to increasing forest area in a country or region. Since the 1990s, ecological and environmental problems such as climate change and loss of biodiversity have received constant attention. The research theory and method of forest transformation has gradually become the frontier and hot topic pursued by international academic circle. With forest transformation as the theme, on the basis of introducing the origin of forest transformation research, along the development vein and internal logic of forest transformation research, this paper reviews the research progress of forest transition theory from the perspectives of Kuznets curve of forest environment and forest transition path, and summarizes the major issues in forest transformation research. The main direction of future research is proposed, including the impact of economic globalization on forest transition, the refinement of research units and the analysis of forest quality transition.
{"title":"Advances in forest transition theory research","authors":"Lingchao Li, Jinlong Liu, Weina Sun, Baodong Cheng","doi":"10.24294/sf.v4i2.1608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v4i2.1608","url":null,"abstract":"Forest transition is a trend change process from decreasing to increasing forest area in a country or region. Since the 1990s, ecological and environmental problems such as climate change and loss of biodiversity have received constant attention. The research theory and method of forest transformation has gradually become the frontier and hot topic pursued by international academic circle. With forest transformation as the theme, on the basis of introducing the origin of forest transformation research, along the development vein and internal logic of forest transformation research, this paper reviews the research progress of forest transition theory from the perspectives of Kuznets curve of forest environment and forest transition path, and summarizes the major issues in forest transformation research. The main direction of future research is proposed, including the impact of economic globalization on forest transition, the refinement of research units and the analysis of forest quality transition.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73614492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1961278
Citlali Cortés Montaño, Enrique J. Jardel Peláez
{"title":"Mexico’s Community Forest Enterprises: Success on the Commons and the Seeds of a Good Anthropocene","authors":"Citlali Cortés Montaño, Enrique J. Jardel Peláez","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1961278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1961278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"41 1","pages":"550 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10549811.2021.1961278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47914016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1946410
Yazmin Pérez-Alavez, G. Rodríguez-Ortiz, Wenceslao Santiago-García, Gisela Virginia Campos-Ángeles, J. R. Enríquez-del Valle, Meredith P. Martin
ABSTRACT Litterfall is an important component of forest biomass and nutrient cycling, and can have key impacts on soil fertility through its decomposition. However, the effect of forest management on litterfall remains unclear. We evaluate the impact of thinning intensity on the biomass and nutrient content (C and N) of litterfall in Pinus pseudostrobus forest in Oaxaca, México, across two thinning intensities in areas with either high or low residual basal area and across seasons. There was significantly higher litter carbon content in the least intensive thinning treatment, but no significant differences in biomass or nitrogen content between treatments. However, there was a significant correlation between residual basal area and litter biomass at the p < .1 level. We found a clear seasonal pattern in litterfall fluxes, with 1.5 times more litter deposition in autumn’s dry season compared to spring. We find that the thinned stand of P. pseudostrobus generated an annual mean litter biomass of 1059.27 ± 346.04 kg ha−1 with mean carbon content of 125.31 ± 46.43 kg ha−1 and mean nitrogen content of 4.76 ± 1.43 kg ha−1. These values present an important contribution for modeling of biomass and nutrient cycling in this ecologically and economically important forest type.
落叶层是森林生物量和养分循环的重要组成部分，其分解对土壤肥力有重要影响。然而，森林管理对乱扔垃圾的影响尚不清楚。我们评估了间伐强度对墨西哥瓦哈卡州假频闪松森林生物量和凋落物养分含量（C和N）的影响，在剩余基底面积高或低的地区，通过两种间伐强度，以及跨季节。间伐强度最小的处理的枯枝落叶碳含量显著较高，但不同处理的生物量或氮含量没有显著差异。然而，残基面积与枯枝落叶生物量之间存在显著的相关性，在p＜.1的水平上。我们发现落叶通量具有明显的季节性模式，秋季旱季的落叶沉积量是春季的1.5倍。结果表明，该林分的年平均枯枝落叶生物量为1059.27±346.04 kg ha−1，平均碳含量为125.31±46.43 kg ha−2，平均氮含量为4.76±1.43 kg ha−3。这些值对这种生态和经济上重要的森林类型的生物量和养分循环建模做出了重要贡献。
{"title":"Effect of Thinning Intensity on Litterfall Biomass and Nutrient Deposition in a Naturally Regenerated Pinus Pseudostrobus Lind. Forest in Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"Yazmin Pérez-Alavez, G. Rodríguez-Ortiz, Wenceslao Santiago-García, Gisela Virginia Campos-Ángeles, J. R. Enríquez-del Valle, Meredith P. Martin","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1946410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1946410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Litterfall is an important component of forest biomass and nutrient cycling, and can have key impacts on soil fertility through its decomposition. However, the effect of forest management on litterfall remains unclear. We evaluate the impact of thinning intensity on the biomass and nutrient content (C and N) of litterfall in Pinus pseudostrobus forest in Oaxaca, México, across two thinning intensities in areas with either high or low residual basal area and across seasons. There was significantly higher litter carbon content in the least intensive thinning treatment, but no significant differences in biomass or nitrogen content between treatments. However, there was a significant correlation between residual basal area and litter biomass at the p < .1 level. We found a clear seasonal pattern in litterfall fluxes, with 1.5 times more litter deposition in autumn’s dry season compared to spring. We find that the thinned stand of P. pseudostrobus generated an annual mean litter biomass of 1059.27 ± 346.04 kg ha−1 with mean carbon content of 125.31 ± 46.43 kg ha−1 and mean nitrogen content of 4.76 ± 1.43 kg ha−1. These values present an important contribution for modeling of biomass and nutrient cycling in this ecologically and economically important forest type.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"77 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10549811.2021.1946410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43962101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-25DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1944878
P. Antúnez, C. Wehenkel, Collins B. Kukunda, J. Hernández-Díaz
ABSTRACT Knowing how and to what extent environmental parameters affect threatened species facilitates the understanding of their specific microhabitat requirements. In this study, we examined the response patterns of four threatened tropical plant species to variations in temperature, precipitation, and physiographic variables, and analyzed the relative contributions of environmental variables to the observed distributions of the species. The studied species are Bursera coyucensis, Cryosophila argentea, Guatteria anomala, and Vatairea lundellii and are cataloged into specific risk categories in the Mexican Official Standard NOM-059-SEMARNAT. Our findings suggest differences in ranges of temperature and precipitation (for example, C. argentea exhibited narrower ranges compared to G. anomala and V. lundellii in precipitation) and similarity in ranges of slope across species distributions. We also found that most species distributions respond non-linearly to variations in environmental variables. These results contribute to defining the environmental spaces of these species. The partial and combined effects of climatic variables, and the range of environmental distributions reported here, have intrinsic implications for the adaptation capacity, plasticity, and survival of these species to environmental variation. This information could be useful to promote conservation activities such as the creation of microhabitats with optimal environmental preferences through sustainable silviculture.
{"title":"Climatic Variables Differentially Influence Neotropical Plant Species of Conservation Concern","authors":"P. Antúnez, C. Wehenkel, Collins B. Kukunda, J. Hernández-Díaz","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1944878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1944878","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Knowing how and to what extent environmental parameters affect threatened species facilitates the understanding of their specific microhabitat requirements. In this study, we examined the response patterns of four threatened tropical plant species to variations in temperature, precipitation, and physiographic variables, and analyzed the relative contributions of environmental variables to the observed distributions of the species. The studied species are Bursera coyucensis, Cryosophila argentea, Guatteria anomala, and Vatairea lundellii and are cataloged into specific risk categories in the Mexican Official Standard NOM-059-SEMARNAT. Our findings suggest differences in ranges of temperature and precipitation (for example, C. argentea exhibited narrower ranges compared to G. anomala and V. lundellii in precipitation) and similarity in ranges of slope across species distributions. We also found that most species distributions respond non-linearly to variations in environmental variables. These results contribute to defining the environmental spaces of these species. The partial and combined effects of climatic variables, and the range of environmental distributions reported here, have intrinsic implications for the adaptation capacity, plasticity, and survival of these species to environmental variation. This information could be useful to promote conservation activities such as the creation of microhabitats with optimal environmental preferences through sustainable silviculture.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"43 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10549811.2021.1944878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42058513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1933538
Olivier Clement Gatwaza, Xiangrong Wang
ABSTRACT The landscape surrounding protected areas (PAs) plays a big role in supporting the achievement of conservation goals. This paper examines demographic dynamics in the vicinity of Akagera National Park (ANP) both in time and space, considers its implication on land-use/land-cover (LULC) change of one of its neighboring districts, and involves the existing environmental planning policies to anticipate the fate of the ANP. Data retrieved from Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority (RLMUA) and from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) were reinforced with field observation and Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements taken within Gatsibo district where the study was conducted and injected into a Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping and analysis. Findings revealed that in the next 50 years, the increasing human settlement and associated social-economic needs will erase any remnant wildlife hotspots in the ‘Unrestricted zone’ of the district and reclaim intrusion in its ‘Restricted zone’ of which ANP is part. This raises imminent fear of growing cases of encroachment of human activities into illegal and high-risk zones and a possible second de-gazettement of the park. The reversal of this trend requires the implementation of the local LULC plan and the promotion of the ecological lifestyle.
{"title":"Predicting the Future of Protected Areas in the Region of the Highest Population Density in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Olivier Clement Gatwaza, Xiangrong Wang","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1933538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1933538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The landscape surrounding protected areas (PAs) plays a big role in supporting the achievement of conservation goals. This paper examines demographic dynamics in the vicinity of Akagera National Park (ANP) both in time and space, considers its implication on land-use/land-cover (LULC) change of one of its neighboring districts, and involves the existing environmental planning policies to anticipate the fate of the ANP. Data retrieved from Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority (RLMUA) and from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) were reinforced with field observation and Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements taken within Gatsibo district where the study was conducted and injected into a Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping and analysis. Findings revealed that in the next 50 years, the increasing human settlement and associated social-economic needs will erase any remnant wildlife hotspots in the ‘Unrestricted zone’ of the district and reclaim intrusion in its ‘Restricted zone’ of which ANP is part. This raises imminent fear of growing cases of encroachment of human activities into illegal and high-risk zones and a possible second de-gazettement of the park. The reversal of this trend requires the implementation of the local LULC plan and the promotion of the ecological lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"22 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10549811.2021.1933538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45197016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2021.1948869
C. Antwi-Boasiako, M. Glalah
ABSTRACT Charcoal is a brittle, black carbon residue produced from the carbonization of cellulosic materials for energy. Its properties vary per the timber carbonized. It is often used regardless the intended purpose and the timber carbonized. However, for objective utilization, the proximate and strength properties of carbonized woods from six widely-used timbers in the Afram Plains, Ghana, were investigated. Moisture content for the carbonized woods met the recommended Standards. Hence, would be hardly alterable under normal atmospheric conditions. Their bulk densities ranged from 497.39 ± 3.13 kgm−3 (Azadirachta indica) to 680.50 ± 8.58 kgm−3 (V. paradoxa). E. ivorense charcoal produced the least volatile matter (VM) (18.66 ± 0.73%), ash (1.94 ± 0.04%), much great Calorific value (28208.45 ± 743.72 kJkg−1), the greatest Fixed Carbon Content (73.13 ± 0.69%), Impact Resistance Index (325 ± 23.07), and compressive strength (29.39 ± 1.82 Nmm−2). It would generate much heat and fracture less and could be suitable for use in the Metallurgical Industry. The great VM from all the carbonized woods (18.66 ± 0.73% to 51.91 ± 0.49%) also makes them best suited for outdoor use (e.g., barbecue-making). As they possess varied properties, their intended uses should be guided by their properties for improved performance.
{"title":"Proximate Analysis and Strength Properties of Carbonized Woods from the Most-Used Tropical Timbers from the Afram Plains, Ghana’s Charcoal Production Hub","authors":"C. Antwi-Boasiako, M. Glalah","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2021.1948869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1948869","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Charcoal is a brittle, black carbon residue produced from the carbonization of cellulosic materials for energy. Its properties vary per the timber carbonized. It is often used regardless the intended purpose and the timber carbonized. However, for objective utilization, the proximate and strength properties of carbonized woods from six widely-used timbers in the Afram Plains, Ghana, were investigated. Moisture content for the carbonized woods met the recommended Standards. Hence, would be hardly alterable under normal atmospheric conditions. Their bulk densities ranged from 497.39 ± 3.13 kgm−3 (Azadirachta indica) to 680.50 ± 8.58 kgm−3 (V. paradoxa). E. ivorense charcoal produced the least volatile matter (VM) (18.66 ± 0.73%), ash (1.94 ± 0.04%), much great Calorific value (28208.45 ± 743.72 kJkg−1), the greatest Fixed Carbon Content (73.13 ± 0.69%), Impact Resistance Index (325 ± 23.07), and compressive strength (29.39 ± 1.82 Nmm−2). It would generate much heat and fracture less and could be suitable for use in the Metallurgical Industry. The great VM from all the carbonized woods (18.66 ± 0.73% to 51.91 ± 0.49%) also makes them best suited for outdoor use (e.g., barbecue-making). As they possess varied properties, their intended uses should be guided by their properties for improved performance.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"41 1","pages":"1064 - 1077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10549811.2021.1948869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44331927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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