L. Ashok, S. Adishkumar, Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar, I. Yeom
This study evaluated a ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton process for natural rubber latex wastewater treatment. The reaction was carried out in a laboratory scale solar photo-Fenton plug flow baffle reactor. An optimization study was performed using a central composite experimental design including the following variables: pH, initial concentrations of H2O2, Fe2+, and oxalic acid. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was determined by the analysis of COD removal. Under the optimum conditions of pH = 4, Fe2+ = 1.3 g/L, oxalic acid = 2.25 g/L, H2O2 = 82.5 g/L, and solar irradiation time of 6 hours, the COD removal efficiency was 99%. Treatment of latex wastewater by ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton process increased biodegradability ratio from 0.36 to 0.7 in 2 hours. The overall cost of ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton oxidation for the treatment of 5 m3 of latex wastewater per day was estimated to be US $85/m3.
{"title":"Ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton treatment of natural rubber latex wastewaters","authors":"L. Ashok, S. Adishkumar, Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar, I. Yeom","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.054","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated a ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton process for natural rubber latex wastewater treatment. The reaction was carried out in a laboratory scale solar photo-Fenton plug flow baffle reactor. An optimization study was performed using a central composite experimental design including the following variables: pH, initial concentrations of H2O2, Fe2+, and oxalic acid. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was determined by the analysis of COD removal. Under the optimum conditions of pH = 4, Fe2+ = 1.3 g/L, oxalic acid = 2.25 g/L, H2O2 = 82.5 g/L, and solar irradiation time of 6 hours, the COD removal efficiency was 99%. Treatment of latex wastewater by ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton process increased biodegradability ratio from 0.36 to 0.7 in 2 hours. The overall cost of ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton oxidation for the treatment of 5 m3 of latex wastewater per day was estimated to be US $85/m3.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to evaluate the long-term (30 day) influence of nickel on biomass of periphyton communities, indoor artificial streams were used with differing nickel concentration (2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/l). Physical and chemical factors (pH, NO3-N, PO4-P, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, conductivity, TDS, BOD, and COD) were measured along with biological properties of the periphyton. The effects of nickel on periphyton communities were assessed by measuring dry mass, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), chlorophyll- a , and rate of nickel absorption. In artificial streams with nickel, there was a significant ( P < 0.05) reduction of chlorophyll- a , AFDM, and dry mass under the influence of nickel. These observations suggest that the periphyton community could serve as an indicator of nickel pollution.
{"title":"Nickel effects on productivity of algal periphyton communities","authors":"H. Ghassemi","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.029","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate the long-term (30 day) influence of nickel on biomass of periphyton communities, indoor artificial streams were used with differing nickel concentration (2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/l). Physical and chemical factors (pH, NO3-N, PO4-P, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, conductivity, TDS, BOD, and COD) were measured along with biological properties of the periphyton. The effects of nickel on periphyton communities were assessed by measuring dry mass, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), chlorophyll- a , and rate of nickel absorption. In artificial streams with nickel, there was a significant ( P < 0.05) reduction of chlorophyll- a , AFDM, and dry mass under the influence of nickel. These observations suggest that the periphyton community could serve as an indicator of nickel pollution.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of amphoteric chitosan/gelatin composite microspheres (CGMSs) has been studied as an adsorbent for the removal of Acid Red 337 (AR337) from wastewater. The adsorbent was characterized by using several methods such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The kinetic study was performed based on pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion equations. It was shown that the adsorption process could be described by the pseudo-second-order equation, suggesting that the adsorption process is presumably a chemisorption. Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms were used to analyze the adsorption equilibrium and the isotherm constants were evaluated at different temperatures. According to the Langmuir model, CGMS adsorbent exhibited the highest AR337 dye uptake capacities of 748.50 mg/g. The values of equilibrium parameter (0 < RL < 0.08) clearly exhibit that the adsorption of AR337 dye onto CGMSs is very favorable. In addition, various thermodynamic parameters, such as standard Gibbs free energy (Δ G °), standard enthalpy (Δ H °), and standard entropy (Δ S °) have been calculated. The adsorption process of AR337 dye onto CGMSs was found to be spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the data from regeneration efficiencies for six cycles provided evidence of the high reusability of the CGMSs in the treatment of dye wastewater.
{"title":"Adsorption behaviors of acid dye by amphoteric chitosan/gelatin composite microspheres","authors":"B. He, H. Xue","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.001","url":null,"abstract":"The use of amphoteric chitosan/gelatin composite microspheres (CGMSs) has been studied as an adsorbent for the removal of Acid Red 337 (AR337) from wastewater. The adsorbent was characterized by using several methods such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The kinetic study was performed based on pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion equations. It was shown that the adsorption process could be described by the pseudo-second-order equation, suggesting that the adsorption process is presumably a chemisorption. Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms were used to analyze the adsorption equilibrium and the isotherm constants were evaluated at different temperatures. According to the Langmuir model, CGMS adsorbent exhibited the highest AR337 dye uptake capacities of 748.50 mg/g. The values of equilibrium parameter (0 < RL < 0.08) clearly exhibit that the adsorption of AR337 dye onto CGMSs is very favorable. In addition, various thermodynamic parameters, such as standard Gibbs free energy (Δ G °), standard enthalpy (Δ H °), and standard entropy (Δ S °) have been calculated. The adsorption process of AR337 dye onto CGMSs was found to be spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the data from regeneration efficiencies for six cycles provided evidence of the high reusability of the CGMSs in the treatment of dye wastewater.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wastewaters fed to reverse osmosis (RO) membranes sometimes need to be acidified to prevent inorganic fouling and increase total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) retention. In this project, the effect of pH level (6.5–7.1) and acid type (HCl vs. H2SO4) on membrane fouling and cleaning as well as permeate flux and quality during the processing of swine wastewater with a spiral-wound RO membrane was investigated. The use of H2SO4 to lower pH produced slightly higher permeate fluxes than HCl and there was no indication of sulfate precipitates on the membrane. Membrane fouling intensity and flux recovery upon cleaning were not affected by pH level or acid type. Lowering swine wastewater pH from 7.1 to 6.5 with HCl reduced TAN concentration in permeate from 142 to 59 mg/L. Using H2SO4 to lower pH to 6.5 further decreased TAN concentration to 39 mg/L. At pH 6.5 with both acid types, the concentration of unionized NH3 in the permeate was below the Canadian guideline of 0.019 mg/L for the release of wastewater to an aquatic environment. The use of H2SO4 would be recommended with swine wastewater, because of lower cost and volumetric input required to lower pH, as well as higher permeate quality and flux.
反渗透(RO)膜处理废水有时需要进行酸化处理，以防止无机污染和增加总氨态氮(TAN)的保留。本课题研究了pH值(6.5 ~ 7.1)和酸类型(HCl vs. H2SO4)对螺旋缠绕反渗透膜处理生猪废水中膜污染、清洗、渗透通量和质量的影响。使用H2SO4降低pH产生的渗透通量略高于HCl，膜上没有硫酸盐沉淀的迹象。清洗后膜污染强度和通量回收率不受pH值和酸类型的影响。用HCl将猪废水pH值从7.1降至6.5，使渗透液中TAN浓度从142 mg/L降至59 mg/L。使用H2SO4将pH值降低至6.5，进一步将TAN浓度降低至39 mg/L。两种酸的pH均为6.5时，渗透液中游离NH3的浓度低于加拿大规定的0.019 mg/L的废水排放标准。建议在猪废水中使用H2SO4，因为降低pH值所需的成本和体积投入较低，并且渗透质量和通量较高。
{"title":"Effect of pH level and acid type on total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) retention and fouling of reverse osmosis membranes processing swine wastewater","authors":"L. Masse, M. Mondor, J. Dubreuil","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.143","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewaters fed to reverse osmosis (RO) membranes sometimes need to be acidified to prevent inorganic fouling and increase total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) retention. In this project, the effect of pH level (6.5–7.1) and acid type (HCl vs. H2SO4) on membrane fouling and cleaning as well as permeate flux and quality during the processing of swine wastewater with a spiral-wound RO membrane was investigated. The use of H2SO4 to lower pH produced slightly higher permeate fluxes than HCl and there was no indication of sulfate precipitates on the membrane. Membrane fouling intensity and flux recovery upon cleaning were not affected by pH level or acid type. Lowering swine wastewater pH from 7.1 to 6.5 with HCl reduced TAN concentration in permeate from 142 to 59 mg/L. Using H2SO4 to lower pH to 6.5 further decreased TAN concentration to 39 mg/L. At pH 6.5 with both acid types, the concentration of unionized NH3 in the permeate was below the Canadian guideline of 0.019 mg/L for the release of wastewater to an aquatic environment. The use of H2SO4 would be recommended with swine wastewater, because of lower cost and volumetric input required to lower pH, as well as higher permeate quality and flux.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quality status of fresh waterways in Egypt, especially those that receive agricultural drainage water such as Rosetta Branch (RB), is critical for most of its water uses. However, the country depends on this marginal quality water to fill the gap between demand and supply. Therefore, the need for effective/economic water management tools turn into an obligation. Mathematical models can be considered as effective and practical tools for the quality assessment of water bodies. This paper carries out a statistical comparison between simulated and observed data, error quantification and simulation efficiency in order to assess the functionality of water quality (WQ) models for simulating the WQ of RB. This approach was set up to evaluate the cost-effective RB simulation adequacy using different WQ models and assess the gap between simulation simplicity and results accuracy. The simulation case of RB was compared using advanced MIKE-11 and simple QUAL2K WQ models. Despite the simplicity of the QUAL2K model, it showed a good adequacy compared to MIKE-11. Both mathematical models outputs showed a good agreement against field observations. However, MIKE-11 gives results that are more precise in general and for nutrients specifically.
{"title":"Simulation adequacy assessment of water quality of Rosetta Branch","authors":"A. E. Saadi","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.040","url":null,"abstract":"Quality status of fresh waterways in Egypt, especially those that receive agricultural drainage water such as Rosetta Branch (RB), is critical for most of its water uses. However, the country depends on this marginal quality water to fill the gap between demand and supply. Therefore, the need for effective/economic water management tools turn into an obligation. Mathematical models can be considered as effective and practical tools for the quality assessment of water bodies. This paper carries out a statistical comparison between simulated and observed data, error quantification and simulation efficiency in order to assess the functionality of water quality (WQ) models for simulating the WQ of RB. This approach was set up to evaluate the cost-effective RB simulation adequacy using different WQ models and assess the gap between simulation simplicity and results accuracy. The simulation case of RB was compared using advanced MIKE-11 and simple QUAL2K WQ models. Despite the simplicity of the QUAL2K model, it showed a good adequacy compared to MIKE-11. Both mathematical models outputs showed a good agreement against field observations. However, MIKE-11 gives results that are more precise in general and for nutrients specifically.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The monitoring of river water quality is important for human life and the health of the environment. However, water quality studies in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, are restricted by the existence of missing data. In this study, the efficiency of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) networks for recovering the missing values of 13 water quality parameters was examined based on data from five stations located along the Maroon River, Iran. The monthly values of other existing water quality parameters were used as input variables to the MLP and RBF models. According to the achieved results, the hardness missing values were estimated precisely by both the MLP and RBF networks, while the worst performance of the networks was found for the turbidity parameter. It was also found that the MLP models were superior to the RBF models to reconstruct water quality missing data.
{"title":"Reconstruction of river water quality missing data using artificial neural networks","authors":"H. Tabari, P. H. Talaee","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.044","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring of river water quality is important for human life and the health of the environment. However, water quality studies in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, are restricted by the existence of missing data. In this study, the efficiency of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) networks for recovering the missing values of 13 water quality parameters was examined based on data from five stations located along the Maroon River, Iran. The monthly values of other existing water quality parameters were used as input variables to the MLP and RBF models. According to the achieved results, the hardness missing values were estimated precisely by both the MLP and RBF networks, while the worst performance of the networks was found for the turbidity parameter. It was also found that the MLP models were superior to the RBF models to reconstruct water quality missing data.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern irrigation techniques use automated systems where irrigation schedules are controlled according to certain criteria. The objective of this study is to numerically estimate irrigation events, water content and temperature distributions, evaporation, drainage, and soil water under closed loop automated irrigation systems of a bare soil. The automated irrigation system is activated and deactivated according to the water content value. The governing equations for transient one-dimensional liquid water flow and heat transfer of unsaturated porous media are applied. The energy balance equation at the soil surface is used as an upper boundary condition based on measured meteorological data of Jeddah City. The results show that the current procedure can be applied to simulate different variables under automated irrigation systems. The water content shows periodic behavior, as well as time lags and decreases in amplitude with soil depth. The timing of applied irrigation has an important impact on evaporation and soil temperature. Applying irrigation water during the daytime leads to increased evaporation. The soil surface temperature decreases suddenly when water is supplied in the afternoon, while a slight increase is observed when irrigation is applied at midnight.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of bare soil water and heat flow under an automated irrigation system","authors":"Mohamed H. Ahmed, S. Gutub","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.052","url":null,"abstract":"Modern irrigation techniques use automated systems where irrigation schedules are controlled according to certain criteria. The objective of this study is to numerically estimate irrigation events, water content and temperature distributions, evaporation, drainage, and soil water under closed loop automated irrigation systems of a bare soil. The automated irrigation system is activated and deactivated according to the water content value. The governing equations for transient one-dimensional liquid water flow and heat transfer of unsaturated porous media are applied. The energy balance equation at the soil surface is used as an upper boundary condition based on measured meteorological data of Jeddah City. The results show that the current procedure can be applied to simulate different variables under automated irrigation systems. The water content shows periodic behavior, as well as time lags and decreases in amplitude with soil depth. The timing of applied irrigation has an important impact on evaporation and soil temperature. Applying irrigation water during the daytime leads to increased evaporation. The soil surface temperature decreases suddenly when water is supplied in the afternoon, while a slight increase is observed when irrigation is applied at midnight.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation showed that the indicator dye m -cresol purple ( m CP) was degraded in a laboratory scale, undivided electrolysis cell system. A platinum anode was used for generation of chlorine in the dye solution. The influence of supporting electrolyte, applied voltage, pH, initial dye concentration and temperature were studied. The ultraviolet-visible spectra of samples during the electrochemical oxidation showed rapid decolorization of the dye solution. During the electrochemical degradation process, dye concentration and current were measured to evaluate the energy consumption and current efficiency. After 10 minutes of electrolysis, a solution containing 20 mg/L m CP showed complete color removal at a supporting electrolyte concentration of 1 g/L NaCl, initial pH 6.7, temperature 25 °C and applied voltage 5 V; however, when pH was kept at 6.7, a higher rate constant was observed. There was good fit of the data to pseudo-first-order kinetics for dye removal in all experiments. Dependence of the decolorization rate on the initial m CP concentration can be described as r o α[ mCP ]o−0.98. The apparent activation energy for the electrochemical decolorization of m CP was determined to be −6.29 kJ/mol.
本研究表明，指示染料m -甲酚紫(m - CP)可在实验室规模的不分割电解池系统中降解。用铂阳极在染料溶液中生成氯。研究了负载电解质、施加电压、pH、初始染料浓度和温度等因素的影响。电化学氧化过程中样品的紫外可见光谱显示染料溶液的快速脱色。在电化学降解过程中，测定了染料浓度和电流，评价了能量消耗和电流效率。电解10分钟后，当电解液浓度为1 g/L NaCl，初始pH为6.7，温度为25℃，电压为5 V时，含20 mg/L m CP的溶液完全脱色;而当pH值保持在6.7时，反应速率常数较高。所有实验的数据都与伪一级脱色动力学吻合良好。脱色率与初始m - CP浓度的关系为r o α[mCP]o−0.98。测定了m - CP的电化学脱色表观活化能为- 6.29 kJ/mol。
{"title":"Electrochemical oxidation of m-cresol purple dye in aqueous media","authors":"S. Khezrianjoo, H. D. Revanasiddappa","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.036","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation showed that the indicator dye m -cresol purple ( m CP) was degraded in a laboratory scale, undivided electrolysis cell system. A platinum anode was used for generation of chlorine in the dye solution. The influence of supporting electrolyte, applied voltage, pH, initial dye concentration and temperature were studied. The ultraviolet-visible spectra of samples during the electrochemical oxidation showed rapid decolorization of the dye solution. During the electrochemical degradation process, dye concentration and current were measured to evaluate the energy consumption and current efficiency. After 10 minutes of electrolysis, a solution containing 20 mg/L m CP showed complete color removal at a supporting electrolyte concentration of 1 g/L NaCl, initial pH 6.7, temperature 25 °C and applied voltage 5 V; however, when pH was kept at 6.7, a higher rate constant was observed. There was good fit of the data to pseudo-first-order kinetics for dye removal in all experiments. Dependence of the decolorization rate on the initial m CP concentration can be described as r o α[ mCP ]o−0.98. The apparent activation energy for the electrochemical decolorization of m CP was determined to be −6.29 kJ/mol.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerical modeling is increasingly used as a tool for environmental assessment and planning, including for Drinking Water Source Protection in Ontario as outlined in the Government of Ontario's 2006 Clean Water Act. However, modeling procedures are often inadequate in the organizational context and tight budgets. It remains a challenge to adapt these procedures such that they are transparent and efficient for watershed practitioners. This paper reviews and analyzes the application of the event-based approach, as defined in the technical rules to the ‘Clean Water Act’. Four limitations are then identified in a case study using the common procedure. Addressing these requires iterative model refinements, which likely result in cost overruns and undermine sound budget planning. An alternative method is then suggested, demonstrated and validated, which uses numerical modeling for creating a generic diagram. Such a generic diagram offers a transparent decision-making tool for planners, other non-technical employes and land owners.
{"title":"A screening method for making the source water event-based approach operational","authors":"R. T. Arnold","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.017","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical modeling is increasingly used as a tool for environmental assessment and planning, including for Drinking Water Source Protection in Ontario as outlined in the Government of Ontario's 2006 Clean Water Act. However, modeling procedures are often inadequate in the organizational context and tight budgets. It remains a challenge to adapt these procedures such that they are transparent and efficient for watershed practitioners. This paper reviews and analyzes the application of the event-based approach, as defined in the technical rules to the ‘Clean Water Act’. Four limitations are then identified in a case study using the common procedure. Addressing these requires iterative model refinements, which likely result in cost overruns and undermine sound budget planning. An alternative method is then suggested, demonstrated and validated, which uses numerical modeling for creating a generic diagram. Such a generic diagram offers a transparent decision-making tool for planners, other non-technical employes and land owners.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of culture conditions on a newly isolated Pseudomonas stutzeri KTB's ability to simultaneously perform heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification were investigated to determine its potential of application in nitrogen removal from wastewater. The results from experiments in the presence of 10 mmol/L of ammonium were as follows: succinate was the preferred carbon source, and the optimum C/N ratio, temperature, and initial pH were 10, 30 °C, and 7–8, respectively. Nitrogen removal took place not only in the logarithmic phase but also in the stationary phase. Under the optimum conditions, the nitrogen removal rate increased as the ammonium concentration elevated, until it was as high as 60 mmol/L. Meanwhile, the maximum specific growth rate decreased. The highest nitrogen removal rate of 0.977 mmol/L/h was observed at 60 mmol/L of ammonium and the maximum removal ratio of 85.6% at 40 mmol/L when the bacterial treatment for 48 h was completed. The strain was vulnerable to even higher ammonium loads. When incubated in anaerobically digested hennery wastewater containing 43.85 mmol/L of ammonium and 2.32 mmol/L of nitrate, the removal ratio and rate reached 82.4% and 0.397 mmol/L/h, respectively. The strain might be a great candidate for ammonium removal from wastewater.
{"title":"Ammonium removal by a novel heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri KTB from wastewater","authors":"Mao-hong Zhou, Hai-ren Ye, Xiao-wei Zhao","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.031","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of culture conditions on a newly isolated Pseudomonas stutzeri KTB's ability to simultaneously perform heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification were investigated to determine its potential of application in nitrogen removal from wastewater. The results from experiments in the presence of 10 mmol/L of ammonium were as follows: succinate was the preferred carbon source, and the optimum C/N ratio, temperature, and initial pH were 10, 30 °C, and 7–8, respectively. Nitrogen removal took place not only in the logarithmic phase but also in the stationary phase. Under the optimum conditions, the nitrogen removal rate increased as the ammonium concentration elevated, until it was as high as 60 mmol/L. Meanwhile, the maximum specific growth rate decreased. The highest nitrogen removal rate of 0.977 mmol/L/h was observed at 60 mmol/L of ammonium and the maximum removal ratio of 85.6% at 40 mmol/L when the bacterial treatment for 48 h was completed. The strain was vulnerable to even higher ammonium loads. When incubated in anaerobically digested hennery wastewater containing 43.85 mmol/L of ammonium and 2.32 mmol/L of nitrate, the removal ratio and rate reached 82.4% and 0.397 mmol/L/h, respectively. The strain might be a great candidate for ammonium removal from wastewater.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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