The effects of culture conditions on a newly isolated Pseudomonas stutzeri KTB's ability to simultaneously perform heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification were investigated to determine its potential of application in nitrogen removal from wastewater. The results from experiments in the presence of 10 mmol/L of ammonium were as follows: succinate was the preferred carbon source, and the optimum C/N ratio, temperature, and initial pH were 10, 30 °C, and 7–8, respectively. Nitrogen removal took place not only in the logarithmic phase but also in the stationary phase. Under the optimum conditions, the nitrogen removal rate increased as the ammonium concentration elevated, until it was as high as 60 mmol/L. Meanwhile, the maximum specific growth rate decreased. The highest nitrogen removal rate of 0.977 mmol/L/h was observed at 60 mmol/L of ammonium and the maximum removal ratio of 85.6% at 40 mmol/L when the bacterial treatment for 48 h was completed. The strain was vulnerable to even higher ammonium loads. When incubated in anaerobically digested hennery wastewater containing 43.85 mmol/L of ammonium and 2.32 mmol/L of nitrate, the removal ratio and rate reached 82.4% and 0.397 mmol/L/h, respectively. The strain might be a great candidate for ammonium removal from wastewater.
{"title":"Ammonium removal by a novel heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri KTB from wastewater","authors":"Mao-hong Zhou, Hai-ren Ye, Xiao-wei Zhao","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.031","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of culture conditions on a newly isolated Pseudomonas stutzeri KTB's ability to simultaneously perform heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification were investigated to determine its potential of application in nitrogen removal from wastewater. The results from experiments in the presence of 10 mmol/L of ammonium were as follows: succinate was the preferred carbon source, and the optimum C/N ratio, temperature, and initial pH were 10, 30 °C, and 7–8, respectively. Nitrogen removal took place not only in the logarithmic phase but also in the stationary phase. Under the optimum conditions, the nitrogen removal rate increased as the ammonium concentration elevated, until it was as high as 60 mmol/L. Meanwhile, the maximum specific growth rate decreased. The highest nitrogen removal rate of 0.977 mmol/L/h was observed at 60 mmol/L of ammonium and the maximum removal ratio of 85.6% at 40 mmol/L when the bacterial treatment for 48 h was completed. The strain was vulnerable to even higher ammonium loads. When incubated in anaerobically digested hennery wastewater containing 43.85 mmol/L of ammonium and 2.32 mmol/L of nitrate, the removal ratio and rate reached 82.4% and 0.397 mmol/L/h, respectively. The strain might be a great candidate for ammonium removal from wastewater.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"219-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Al-Omran, F. N. Al-Barakah, Abdullah Altuquq, Anwar A. Aly, Mahmoud E. A. Nadeem
One hundred and eighty drinking water samples were collected from five zones of Riyadh governorate including Riyadh main zone, Ulia, Nassim, Shifa, and Badiah zones. The water was collected from the main water network and underground and upper household tanks in each zone. The water quality was found to be acceptable for drinking with respect to chemical characteristics; however, analyses exhibited some microbial contamination. The water quality index (WQI) is a mathematical method used to facilitate water quality explanation. The WQI was calculated using several physico-chemical and microbial parameters. The results showed that more than 88% of Riyadh main zone, 91% of Ulia, 97% of Nassim, 88% of Shifa, and 100% of Badiah waters zones were considered excellent for drinking (class I). The remaining waters were considered unsuitable for drinking (class V) due to microbial contamination.
{"title":"Drinking water quality assessment and water quality index of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Al-Omran, F. N. Al-Barakah, Abdullah Altuquq, Anwar A. Aly, Mahmoud E. A. Nadeem","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.039","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and eighty drinking water samples were collected from five zones of Riyadh governorate including Riyadh main zone, Ulia, Nassim, Shifa, and Badiah zones. The water was collected from the main water network and underground and upper household tanks in each zone. The water quality was found to be acceptable for drinking with respect to chemical characteristics; however, analyses exhibited some microbial contamination. The water quality index (WQI) is a mathematical method used to facilitate water quality explanation. The WQI was calculated using several physico-chemical and microbial parameters. The results showed that more than 88% of Riyadh main zone, 91% of Ulia, 97% of Nassim, 88% of Shifa, and 100% of Badiah waters zones were considered excellent for drinking (class I). The remaining waters were considered unsuitable for drinking (class V) due to microbial contamination.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Al‐Mefleh, I. Bashabsheh, S. Talozi, T. Al-Issa
Experimental tests are carried out to evaluate the impact of treated wastewater (TWW) on the discharge of five different types of emitters which are commonly used. Two water qualities, fresh water (FW) and treated wastewater, and five types of emitters, GR, Nein (NE), Edin (ED), Corona (CO), and Rain Bird (RB) are tested. The values of chemical properties for FW show mostly low clogging potential on emitter performance. The clogging potential for TWW varied from low to medium. The exception was for pH where there was severe clogging potential for both water types. The performance of emitters was tested by measuring the emitter discharge and estimating the average emitter discharge ( Q avg), coefficient of variation (CV), emission uniformity coefficient (EU), and Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU). The average discharges for different types of emitters were analyzed and compared at P ≤ 0.05. The CO and RB emitter types did not show any signs of clogging whereas the GR, NE, and ED emitter types showed signs of clogging. The results of CV, EU, and CU values showed that the performances of emitter types GR, NE, ED were classified as low or moderate clogging potential. In contrast, the CO and RB emitters were classified as moderate or high clogging potential.
{"title":"Field evaluation of the performance of different irrigation emitter types using treated wastewater","authors":"N. Al‐Mefleh, I. Bashabsheh, S. Talozi, T. Al-Issa","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.043","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental tests are carried out to evaluate the impact of treated wastewater (TWW) on the discharge of five different types of emitters which are commonly used. Two water qualities, fresh water (FW) and treated wastewater, and five types of emitters, GR, Nein (NE), Edin (ED), Corona (CO), and Rain Bird (RB) are tested. The values of chemical properties for FW show mostly low clogging potential on emitter performance. The clogging potential for TWW varied from low to medium. The exception was for pH where there was severe clogging potential for both water types. The performance of emitters was tested by measuring the emitter discharge and estimating the average emitter discharge ( Q avg), coefficient of variation (CV), emission uniformity coefficient (EU), and Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU). The average discharges for different types of emitters were analyzed and compared at P ≤ 0.05. The CO and RB emitter types did not show any signs of clogging whereas the GR, NE, and ED emitter types showed signs of clogging. The results of CV, EU, and CU values showed that the performances of emitter types GR, NE, ED were classified as low or moderate clogging potential. In contrast, the CO and RB emitters were classified as moderate or high clogging potential.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"240-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this project was to increase the phosphorus (P) retention capacity of a conventional septic tank by adding a recirculating slag filter. Two recirculation modes and recirculation ratios from 5 to 50% were tested in the laboratory with reconstituted domestic wastewater. The best system was recirculation from the end to the inlet of the second compartment of a septic tank with a 50% recirculation ratio in the slag filter, achieving 4.2 and 1.9 mg P/L at the effluent for total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate (o-PO4), respectively, and a pH of 8.8. The calculated size of the slag filter for a two-bedroom house application was 1,875 kg for an expected lifetime of 2 years. The 1 mg P/L level goal was not reached, but P precipitation may be favoured by the relatively high effluent pH reaching the infiltration bed.
{"title":"Improving phosphorus removal of conventional septic tanks by a recirculating steel slag filter","authors":"Dominique Claveau-Mallet, Félix Lida, Y. Comeau","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.045","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this project was to increase the phosphorus (P) retention capacity of a conventional septic tank by adding a recirculating slag filter. Two recirculation modes and recirculation ratios from 5 to 50% were tested in the laboratory with reconstituted domestic wastewater. The best system was recirculation from the end to the inlet of the second compartment of a septic tank with a 50% recirculation ratio in the slag filter, achieving 4.2 and 1.9 mg P/L at the effluent for total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate (o-PO4), respectively, and a pH of 8.8. The calculated size of the slag filter for a two-bedroom house application was 1,875 kg for an expected lifetime of 2 years. The 1 mg P/L level goal was not reached, but P precipitation may be favoured by the relatively high effluent pH reaching the infiltration bed.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"211-218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Continuous mass balancing defines a new standard in data quality validation. Likewise relying on the principles of mass conservation it outperforms long-term static mass balancing approaches because faults in data can be assigned to their time of occurrence. This research was carried out with practical application to routine operational data in mind and two major aspects are investigated to make this application feasible. Sludge concentrations of typically balanced components (chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphate) are not routinely measured in wastewater treatment plants. Therefore they need to be determined from alternative, more frequent measurements such as total suspended solids. To provide the necessary statistical basis for such determination, monthly sludge sampling was found sufficient. Further, contrary to long-term static mass balancing, the effects of delay between input and output loads must not be neglected in continuous mass balancing based on daily data. While a storage/release approach did not give the desired results, the consideration of hydraulic retention (first-order flow dynamics) fundamentally improved the performance of the proposed method.
{"title":"Quality control of wastewater treatment operational data by continuous mass balancing: dealing with missing measurements and delayed outputs","authors":"A. Spindler, J. Krampe","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.056","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous mass balancing defines a new standard in data quality validation. Likewise relying on the principles of mass conservation it outperforms long-term static mass balancing approaches because faults in data can be assigned to their time of occurrence. This research was carried out with practical application to routine operational data in mind and two major aspects are investigated to make this application feasible. Sludge concentrations of typically balanced components (chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphate) are not routinely measured in wastewater treatment plants. Therefore they need to be determined from alternative, more frequent measurements such as total suspended solids. To provide the necessary statistical basis for such determination, monthly sludge sampling was found sufficient. Further, contrary to long-term static mass balancing, the effects of delay between input and output loads must not be neglected in continuous mass balancing based on daily data. While a storage/release approach did not give the desired results, the consideration of hydraulic retention (first-order flow dynamics) fundamentally improved the performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"228-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disruptor and causes feminization in various organisms. This study aims to determine the water quality criteria for NP in China based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models considering both reproductive and traditional toxicity effects. A total of 17 chronic values with reproductive endpoints and 14 chronic values with traditional endpoints tested with aquatic species resident in China were found in published literature, among which six values were from marine species. As chronic toxicity data for marine species were limited, the acute-to-chronic toxicity ratio methodology was employed to extrapolate from acute-to-chronic toxicity values. The SSD models were then built with a whole set of chronic toxicity values for NP. Based on model simulation, the chronic water quality criterion in fresh water was calculated as 1.37 μg/L and 4.29 μg/L for reproductive endpoints and traditional endpoints, respectively. The criterion in seawater was derived as 1.68 μg/L for traditional endpoints. Although these criteria were derived by a third-party organization not affiliated with the Chinese authority for criteria development, they were obtained from a scientific point of view and can be used to evaluate water quality and ecological risks of nonylphenol in various water bodies.
{"title":"The derivation of water quality criteria for nonylphenol considering its endocrine disrupting features","authors":"Pei Gao, Lei Guo, Zheng-yan Li, M. Gibson","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.032","url":null,"abstract":"Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disruptor and causes feminization in various organisms. This study aims to determine the water quality criteria for NP in China based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models considering both reproductive and traditional toxicity effects. A total of 17 chronic values with reproductive endpoints and 14 chronic values with traditional endpoints tested with aquatic species resident in China were found in published literature, among which six values were from marine species. As chronic toxicity data for marine species were limited, the acute-to-chronic toxicity ratio methodology was employed to extrapolate from acute-to-chronic toxicity values. The SSD models were then built with a whole set of chronic toxicity values for NP. Based on model simulation, the chronic water quality criterion in fresh water was calculated as 1.37 μg/L and 4.29 μg/L for reproductive endpoints and traditional endpoints, respectively. The criterion in seawater was derived as 1.68 μg/L for traditional endpoints. Although these criteria were derived by a third-party organization not affiliated with the Chinese authority for criteria development, they were obtained from a scientific point of view and can be used to evaluate water quality and ecological risks of nonylphenol in various water bodies.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"268-278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized as having low pH and high concentrations of sulfate and dissolved metals. This study compared treated water quality and sludge properties of three process technologies for AMD: conventional sedimentation, high density sludge (HDS), and ballasted flocculation. All three processes were found to be capable of removing regulated metals to concentrations below current Canadian discharge guidelines. However, ballasted flocculation was the only technology found to be able to meet the more stringent federal guidelines proposed for future implementation under the Fisheries' Act's Metal Mining Effluent Regulations . Specifically, arsenic and zinc concentrations in AMD treated by the conventional and HDS processes were above proposed future guidelines of 0.10 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively, while lead, copper, and nickel all met respective guidelines. Concentrations of all regulated contaminants were below proposed guidelines when treated by ballasted flocculation. The HDS process was found to produce a significantly more concentrated sludge than conventional sedimentation (i.e., higher solids content (19 ± 1% versus 7 ± 4% wet solids) and lower sludge volume index (SVI; 8.4 ± 0.8 versus 230 ± 20 mL/g)).
酸性矿井水(AMD)具有pH值低、硫酸盐和溶解金属浓度高的特点。本研究比较了AMD的三种工艺技术:常规沉淀、高密度污泥(HDS)和压舱絮凝处理后的水质和污泥特性。研究发现，这三种工艺都能够将受管制的金属去除到低于加拿大现行排放准则的浓度。然而，压舱絮凝是唯一一种能够满足更严格的联邦指导方针的技术，该指导方针是根据《渔业法》的《金属采矿废水条例》提出的，以便在未来实施。具体来说，常规和HDS工艺处理的AMD中砷和锌的浓度分别高于建议的0.10和0.25 mg/L的未来指南，而铅、铜和镍都符合各自的指南。经压舱絮凝处理后，所有受管制污染物的浓度均低于建议的准则。研究发现，与传统沉淀法相比，HDS工艺产生的污泥浓度明显更高(即固体含量更高(19±1% vs 7±4%湿固体)，污泥体积指数(SVI;8.4±0.8 vs 230±20 mL/g))。
{"title":"Bench-scale comparison of conventional and high rate clarification treatment processes for acid mine drainage","authors":"A. Mackie, M. Walsh","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.048","url":null,"abstract":"Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized as having low pH and high concentrations of sulfate and dissolved metals. This study compared treated water quality and sludge properties of three process technologies for AMD: conventional sedimentation, high density sludge (HDS), and ballasted flocculation. All three processes were found to be capable of removing regulated metals to concentrations below current Canadian discharge guidelines. However, ballasted flocculation was the only technology found to be able to meet the more stringent federal guidelines proposed for future implementation under the Fisheries' Act's Metal Mining Effluent Regulations . Specifically, arsenic and zinc concentrations in AMD treated by the conventional and HDS processes were above proposed future guidelines of 0.10 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively, while lead, copper, and nickel all met respective guidelines. Concentrations of all regulated contaminants were below proposed guidelines when treated by ballasted flocculation. The HDS process was found to produce a significantly more concentrated sludge than conventional sedimentation (i.e., higher solids content (19 ± 1% versus 7 ± 4% wet solids) and lower sludge volume index (SVI; 8.4 ± 0.8 versus 230 ± 20 mL/g)).","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"279-286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panjiakou Reservoir is the main water supply source for Tianjin City, which has a population of over 14 million. In order to develop a watershed management strategic plan for source water protection, it is necessary to have reliable information on point source (PS) and non-point source pollution (NPS). The modelling approach has been frequently used in the study of partitioning of PS and NPS pollution on a basin scale. This study employed the Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC) model to investigate the PS and NPS source pollution loadings to Panjiakou Reservoir. The hydrological model and the water quality model were developed and validated using field data from 2006 to 2010. It has been found that the PS pollution is still the major source for chemical oxygen demand (COD) loadings, accounting for about three-quarters of the total annual loadings to the reservoir; while near half of the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) total annual loadings are from NPS pollution. There is a large seasonal variation for TN and TP loadings from NPS pollution. The contribution of TN and TP from NPS in the flooding seasons can reach 70%, whereas the contribution can also be as low as 4% during the dry season in the winter.
{"title":"Investigation of point source and non-point source pollution for Panjiakou Reservoir in North China by modelling approach","authors":"J. Huang, W. Xiang","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.019","url":null,"abstract":"Panjiakou Reservoir is the main water supply source for Tianjin City, which has a population of over 14 million. In order to develop a watershed management strategic plan for source water protection, it is necessary to have reliable information on point source (PS) and non-point source pollution (NPS). The modelling approach has been frequently used in the study of partitioning of PS and NPS pollution on a basin scale. This study employed the Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC) model to investigate the PS and NPS source pollution loadings to Panjiakou Reservoir. The hydrological model and the water quality model were developed and validated using field data from 2006 to 2010. It has been found that the PS pollution is still the major source for chemical oxygen demand (COD) loadings, accounting for about three-quarters of the total annual loadings to the reservoir; while near half of the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) total annual loadings are from NPS pollution. There is a large seasonal variation for TN and TP loadings from NPS pollution. The contribution of TN and TP from NPS in the flooding seasons can reach 70%, whereas the contribution can also be as low as 4% during the dry season in the winter.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"167-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present paper, the biosorption capacity of an indigenous seaweed Enteromorpha sp. was assessed and compared for nickel(II) and cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solution. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was employed to achieve the optimum removal conditions as well as investigating the effects of some independent variables on the process performance. It was found that the maximum nickel(II) removal achieved was 87.16% under optimum conditions of pH 4.79, biomass concentration of 1,000 mg/L, contact time 70 min and temperature of 25 °C. For cadmium the optimum conditions were defined as pH 4.88, biomass concentration of 1,000 mg/L, contact time 50 min and temperature fixed at 65 °C which resulted in a maximum 75.16% removal. Equilibrium isotherm studies revealed that Freundlich and Langmuir models were more successful for describing nickel(II) and cadmium(II) biosorption data, respectively. The maximum sorption capacities of biomass, q max, for nickel(II) and cadmium(II) were predicted as 250 and 167 mg/g, respectively, by the Langmuir model. The results suggest Enteromorpha seaweed as an eco-friendly and suitable biosorbent for nickel(II) and cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solutions.
{"title":"Optimization of biosorption of nickel(II) and cadmium(II) by indigenous seaweed Enteromorpha using response surface methodology","authors":"Gholamreza Tolian, S. Jafari, Saeid Zarei","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.007","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, the biosorption capacity of an indigenous seaweed Enteromorpha sp. was assessed and compared for nickel(II) and cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solution. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was employed to achieve the optimum removal conditions as well as investigating the effects of some independent variables on the process performance. It was found that the maximum nickel(II) removal achieved was 87.16% under optimum conditions of pH 4.79, biomass concentration of 1,000 mg/L, contact time 70 min and temperature of 25 °C. For cadmium the optimum conditions were defined as pH 4.88, biomass concentration of 1,000 mg/L, contact time 50 min and temperature fixed at 65 °C which resulted in a maximum 75.16% removal. Equilibrium isotherm studies revealed that Freundlich and Langmuir models were more successful for describing nickel(II) and cadmium(II) biosorption data, respectively. The maximum sorption capacities of biomass, q max, for nickel(II) and cadmium(II) were predicted as 250 and 167 mg/g, respectively, by the Langmuir model. The results suggest Enteromorpha seaweed as an eco-friendly and suitable biosorbent for nickel(II) and cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"109-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Arciszewski, M. Mcmaster, C. Portt, K. Munkittrick
Recovery of fish after implementing better management of effluent or following the closure of pulp mills is not well studied. Results from existing studies suggest the predominant responses observed during the operation of mills would predict a pathway of recovery, but this hypothesis has not been tested at mills with variable effects on fish. Multiple studies done at a mill in northern Ontario showed variable responses in white sucker ( Catostomus commersoni ), including effects on reproductive endpoints. Data from most years failed, however, to meet strict definitions of response patterns used in Environmental Effects Monitoring. After the permanent closure of the mill in 2006, white sucker were collected in 2011 to determine the status of fish. We predicted that no effects would be observed in white sucker after the mill9s closure. Five years after the closure of the mill, however, female white sucker showed statistical food limitation. Males showed a similar trend, but fewer statistical differences. These changes, coupled with reduced catch rates, have not been previously observed downstream of this mill. Our results suggest that recovery of fish after the closure of mills may not be clearly associated with effects found during operation. The absence of recovery after closure may more broadly suggest relevance of effects of operational mills.
{"title":"Detection of food limitation in health of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) 5 years after the closure of a bleached kraft pulp mill","authors":"T. Arciszewski, M. Mcmaster, C. Portt, K. Munkittrick","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.130","url":null,"abstract":"Recovery of fish after implementing better management of effluent or following the closure of pulp mills is not well studied. Results from existing studies suggest the predominant responses observed during the operation of mills would predict a pathway of recovery, but this hypothesis has not been tested at mills with variable effects on fish. Multiple studies done at a mill in northern Ontario showed variable responses in white sucker ( Catostomus commersoni ), including effects on reproductive endpoints. Data from most years failed, however, to meet strict definitions of response patterns used in Environmental Effects Monitoring. After the permanent closure of the mill in 2006, white sucker were collected in 2011 to determine the status of fish. We predicted that no effects would be observed in white sucker after the mill9s closure. Five years after the closure of the mill, however, female white sucker showed statistical food limitation. Males showed a similar trend, but fewer statistical differences. These changes, coupled with reduced catch rates, have not been previously observed downstream of this mill. Our results suggest that recovery of fish after the closure of mills may not be clearly associated with effects found during operation. The absence of recovery after closure may more broadly suggest relevance of effects of operational mills.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"152-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67980958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：