Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.06.001
Daniel F Hughes
Speciation is familiar in radiations, but personality is not. In a recent article, Sommer-Trembo et al. linked exploratory behavior in African cichlids to a SNP in the promoter of a gene, the homolog of which is associated with human personality disorders, offering clues about the first fish of this radiation, with implications for vertebrate evolution.
物种繁衍在辐射中很常见,但人格却不常见。在最近的一篇文章中,Sommer-Trembo 等人将非洲慈鲷的探索行为与一个基因启动子中的 SNP 联系起来,该基因的同源物与人类的人格障碍有关,从而提供了有关这种辐射的第一种鱼类的线索,并对脊椎动物的进化产生了影响。
{"title":"A personality SNP? Behavioral genetics in African cichlids.","authors":"Daniel F Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Speciation is familiar in radiations, but personality is not. In a recent article, Sommer-Trembo et al. linked exploratory behavior in African cichlids to a SNP in the promoter of a gene, the homolog of which is associated with human personality disorders, offering clues about the first fish of this radiation, with implications for vertebrate evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.003
Sou Tomimoto, Akiko Satake
A new study by Schmitt et al. revealed that somatic mutations in tropical trees are passed on to their offspring. Furthermore, the study noted that the majority of inherited mutations were present at low allelic frequencies within the tree.
{"title":"Tropical trees inherit low-frequency somatic mutations.","authors":"Sou Tomimoto, Akiko Satake","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new study by Schmitt et al. revealed that somatic mutations in tropical trees are passed on to their offspring. Furthermore, the study noted that the majority of inherited mutations were present at low allelic frequencies within the tree.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.04.003
Johan A den Boon, Masaki Nishikiori, Hong Zhan, Paul Ahlquist
Positive-strand RNA [(+)RNA] viruses include pandemic SARS-CoV-2, tumor-inducing hepatitis C virus, debilitating chikungunya virus (CHIKV), lethal encephalitis viruses, and many other major pathogens. (+)RNA viruses replicate their RNA genomes in virus-induced replication organelles (ROs) that also evolve new viral species and variants by recombination and mutation and are crucial virus control targets. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reveals that viral RNA replication proteins form striking ringed 'crowns' at RO vesicle junctions with the cytosol. These crowns direct RO vesicle formation, viral (-)RNA and (+)RNA synthesis and capping, innate immune escape, and transfer of progeny (+)RNA genomes into translation and encapsidation. Ongoing studies are illuminating crown assembly, sequential functions, host factor interactions, etc., with significant implications for control and beneficial uses of viruses.
{"title":"Positive-strand RNA virus genome replication organelles: structure, assembly, control.","authors":"Johan A den Boon, Masaki Nishikiori, Hong Zhan, Paul Ahlquist","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive-strand RNA [(+)RNA] viruses include pandemic SARS-CoV-2, tumor-inducing hepatitis C virus, debilitating chikungunya virus (CHIKV), lethal encephalitis viruses, and many other major pathogens. (+)RNA viruses replicate their RNA genomes in virus-induced replication organelles (ROs) that also evolve new viral species and variants by recombination and mutation and are crucial virus control targets. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reveals that viral RNA replication proteins form striking ringed 'crowns' at RO vesicle junctions with the cytosol. These crowns direct RO vesicle formation, viral (-)RNA and (+)RNA synthesis and capping, innate immune escape, and transfer of progeny (+)RNA genomes into translation and encapsidation. Ongoing studies are illuminating crown assembly, sequential functions, host factor interactions, etc., with significant implications for control and beneficial uses of viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.04.012
Anupam K Mondal, Mohita Gaur, Jayshree Advani, Anand Swaroop
Intimate links between epigenome modifications and metabolites allude to a crucial role of cellular metabolism in transcriptional regulation. Retina, being a highly metabolic tissue, adapts by integrating inputs from genetic, epigenetic, and extracellular signals. Precise global epigenomic signatures guide development and homeostasis of the intricate retinal structure and function. Epigenomic and metabolic realignment are hallmarks of aging and highlight a link of the epigenome-metabolism nexus with aging-associated multifactorial traits affecting the retina, including age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Here, we focus on emerging principles of epigenomic and metabolic control of retinal gene regulation, with emphasis on their contribution to human disease. In addition, we discuss potential mitigation strategies involving lifestyle changes that target the epigenome-metabolome relationship for maintaining retinal function.
{"title":"Epigenome-metabolism nexus in the retina: implications for aging and disease.","authors":"Anupam K Mondal, Mohita Gaur, Jayshree Advani, Anand Swaroop","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate links between epigenome modifications and metabolites allude to a crucial role of cellular metabolism in transcriptional regulation. Retina, being a highly metabolic tissue, adapts by integrating inputs from genetic, epigenetic, and extracellular signals. Precise global epigenomic signatures guide development and homeostasis of the intricate retinal structure and function. Epigenomic and metabolic realignment are hallmarks of aging and highlight a link of the epigenome-metabolism nexus with aging-associated multifactorial traits affecting the retina, including age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Here, we focus on emerging principles of epigenomic and metabolic control of retinal gene regulation, with emphasis on their contribution to human disease. In addition, we discuss potential mitigation strategies involving lifestyle changes that target the epigenome-metabolome relationship for maintaining retinal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.009
Ashwini V Mohan, Paula Escuer, Camille Cornet, Kay Lucek
Genomic information is folded in a three-dimensional (3D) structure, a rarely explored evolutionary driver of speciation. Technological advances now enable the study of 3D genome structures (3DGSs) across the Tree of Life. At the onset of 3D speciation genomics, we discuss the putative roles of 3DGSs in speciation.
{"title":"A three-dimensional genomics view for speciation research.","authors":"Ashwini V Mohan, Paula Escuer, Camille Cornet, Kay Lucek","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic information is folded in a three-dimensional (3D) structure, a rarely explored evolutionary driver of speciation. Technological advances now enable the study of 3D genome structures (3DGSs) across the Tree of Life. At the onset of 3D speciation genomics, we discuss the putative roles of 3DGSs in speciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.04.009
Abdella M Habib, James J Cox, Andrei L Okorokov
The dark genome, the nonprotein-coding part of the genome, is replete with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). These functionally versatile transcripts, with specific temporal and spatial expression patterns, are critical gene regulators that play essential roles in health and disease. In recent years, FAAH-OUT was identified as the first lncRNA associated with an inherited human pain insensitivity disorder. Several other lncRNAs have also been studied for their contribution to chronic pain and genome-wide association studies are frequently identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms that map to lncRNAs. For a long time overlooked, lncRNAs are coming out of the dark and into the light as major players in human pain pathways and as potential targets for new RNA-based analgesic medicines.
{"title":"Out of the dark: the emerging roles of lncRNAs in pain.","authors":"Abdella M Habib, James J Cox, Andrei L Okorokov","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dark genome, the nonprotein-coding part of the genome, is replete with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). These functionally versatile transcripts, with specific temporal and spatial expression patterns, are critical gene regulators that play essential roles in health and disease. In recent years, FAAH-OUT was identified as the first lncRNA associated with an inherited human pain insensitivity disorder. Several other lncRNAs have also been studied for their contribution to chronic pain and genome-wide association studies are frequently identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms that map to lncRNAs. For a long time overlooked, lncRNAs are coming out of the dark and into the light as major players in human pain pathways and as potential targets for new RNA-based analgesic medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.07.006
The recent discovery of an association between ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy number and body mass index (BMI) by Law et al. sheds light on a possible role of 45S rDNA in body-weight regulation. This finding opens new avenues for further investigations into the effect of rDNA on various human phenotypes.
Law 等人最近发现核糖体 DNA(rDNA)拷贝数与体重指数(BMI)之间存在关联,这揭示了 45S rDNA 在体重调节中可能扮演的角色。这一发现为进一步研究 rDNA 对人类各种表型的影响开辟了新途径。
{"title":"The ribosome’s comeback: new role in body weight regulation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recent discovery of an association between ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy number and body mass index (BMI) by <span><span>Law <em>et al.</em></span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> sheds light on a possible role of 45S rDNA in body-weight regulation. This finding opens new avenues for further investigations into the effect of rDNA on various human phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9525(24)00140-9
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Subscription and Copyright Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0168-9525(24)00140-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9525(24)00140-9","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9525(24)00137-9
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Advisory Board and Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0168-9525(24)00137-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9525(24)00137-9","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.002
Mario Zurita
Transcription factor (TF) IIH is a factor involved in transcription, DNA repair, mitosis, and telomere stability. These functions stem from its helicase/ATPase and kinase activities. Recent reports on the structure and function of the transcription machinery, as well as chromosome compaction during mitosis, suggest that TFIIH also influences nucleosome movement, are explored here.
{"title":"Does TFIIH move nucleosomes?","authors":"Mario Zurita","doi":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcription factor (TF) IIH is a factor involved in transcription, DNA repair, mitosis, and telomere stability. These functions stem from its helicase/ATPase and kinase activities. Recent reports on the structure and function of the transcription machinery, as well as chromosome compaction during mitosis, suggest that TFIIH also influences nucleosome movement, are explored here.</p>","PeriodicalId":54413,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}