ABSTRACT Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. is an herbaceous perennial of disturbed, sandy habitats of the Atlantic coastal plain, ranging from Georgia to southern New England. Most references list Hartford County, Connecticut, as the northernmost station and the only New England record for the species. However, we recently encountered a putative record from Nantucket, Massachusetts, U.S.A., and investigated its validity. Using a combination of physical inspection of the specimen and biographical details of the collector, Lorin Low Dame, we conclude that E. ipecacuanhae was collected from the island of Nantucket in the late 19th century, expanding the known natural range for the species. We also discuss habitat and landscape-scale ecological processes that would have supported the species at that time and prospects for its rediscovery in New England.
{"title":"Euphorbia ipecacuanhae on Nantucket: A Historical State Record Comes to Light","authors":"Peter P. Grima, K. Omand, Patrick W. Sweeney","doi":"10.3119/22-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/22-09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. is an herbaceous perennial of disturbed, sandy habitats of the Atlantic coastal plain, ranging from Georgia to southern New England. Most references list Hartford County, Connecticut, as the northernmost station and the only New England record for the species. However, we recently encountered a putative record from Nantucket, Massachusetts, U.S.A., and investigated its validity. Using a combination of physical inspection of the specimen and biographical details of the collector, Lorin Low Dame, we conclude that E. ipecacuanhae was collected from the island of Nantucket in the late 19th century, expanding the known natural range for the species. We also discuss habitat and landscape-scale ecological processes that would have supported the species at that time and prospects for its rediscovery in New England.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"434 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Floristic studies of introduced and native seaweed populations from 14 open coastal and estuarine sites within southern Maine and New Hampshire were documented between 1965 and 2017. A total of 186 seaweed taxa were recorded, including 15 introduced (8.1%) and 171 native (91.9%) species. The highest species diversity (123 taxa) occurred at the open coastal Seapoint Beach site in Kittery, Maine, and an estuarine tidal rapid site at Dover Point, New Hampshire, with 106 taxa. The numbers of introduced species per site ranged from 2–11. The percent occurrence patterns for the 15 introduced seaweeds were highly variable, with Codium fragile subsp. fragile and Ulonema rhizophorum being restricted to single sites (7%), Melanothamnus harveyi occurring at 12 sites (86%), and Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and Dasysiphonia japonica at 13 sites (93%). The geographical origins and initial collection dates for the 15 introduced taxa were highly variable, with their initial collections ranging from 1848 (M. harveyi) to 2007 (D. japonica). Codium fragile subsp. fragile had the most protracted period between its initial occurrence at Orient Point, New York, in 1957 and in northern New England 40 years later (i.e., 1997). By contrast, several other introduced taxa had rapid geographic expansions within five years. The numbers and abundance of introduced species in the Gulf of Maine have increased dramatically between 1986 and 2017, with nine recorded in 1986 and 15 in 2017. Two native warm-water red algae (Agardhiella subulata and Gelidium crinale) showed sudden northward expansions during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Their presence may be associated with global warming, which is presently occurring at an alarming rate within the Gulf of Maine and exceeds many areas within the world.
{"title":"A Synopsis of Introduced and Native Seaweeds from 14 Open Coastal and Estuarine Sites within Southern Maine and New Hampshire, U.S.A.","authors":"A. Mathieson, C. Dawes","doi":"10.3119/19-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/19-09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Floristic studies of introduced and native seaweed populations from 14 open coastal and estuarine sites within southern Maine and New Hampshire were documented between 1965 and 2017. A total of 186 seaweed taxa were recorded, including 15 introduced (8.1%) and 171 native (91.9%) species. The highest species diversity (123 taxa) occurred at the open coastal Seapoint Beach site in Kittery, Maine, and an estuarine tidal rapid site at Dover Point, New Hampshire, with 106 taxa. The numbers of introduced species per site ranged from 2–11. The percent occurrence patterns for the 15 introduced seaweeds were highly variable, with Codium fragile subsp. fragile and Ulonema rhizophorum being restricted to single sites (7%), Melanothamnus harveyi occurring at 12 sites (86%), and Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and Dasysiphonia japonica at 13 sites (93%). The geographical origins and initial collection dates for the 15 introduced taxa were highly variable, with their initial collections ranging from 1848 (M. harveyi) to 2007 (D. japonica). Codium fragile subsp. fragile had the most protracted period between its initial occurrence at Orient Point, New York, in 1957 and in northern New England 40 years later (i.e., 1997). By contrast, several other introduced taxa had rapid geographic expansions within five years. The numbers and abundance of introduced species in the Gulf of Maine have increased dramatically between 1986 and 2017, with nine recorded in 1986 and 15 in 2017. Two native warm-water red algae (Agardhiella subulata and Gelidium crinale) showed sudden northward expansions during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Their presence may be associated with global warming, which is presently occurring at an alarming rate within the Gulf of Maine and exceeds many areas within the world.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"367 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48235889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.455
{"title":"Index to Volume 123 New Scientific Names are in Bold.","authors":"","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"455 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Nichols, A. Pennucci, Evelyn Nathan, D. Cygan, Andrew M. Mauch
We describe the formal documentation of nine nonnative plant species naturalized in New Hampshire. Formal documentation here is defined as voucher specimens being collected and deposited in a publicly accessible herbarium, in this case, Hodgdon Herbarium (NHA) at the University of New Hampshire. Two of the nine species were known to the State’s Invasive Species Coordinator prior to 2021
{"title":"Formal documentation of nine nonnative plant species in New Hampshire","authors":"W. Nichols, A. Pennucci, Evelyn Nathan, D. Cygan, Andrew M. Mauch","doi":"10.3119/22-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/22-01","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the formal documentation of nine nonnative plant species naturalized in New Hampshire. Formal documentation here is defined as voucher specimens being collected and deposited in a publicly accessible herbarium, in this case, Hodgdon Herbarium (NHA) at the University of New Hampshire. Two of the nine species were known to the State’s Invasive Species Coordinator prior to 2021","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"353 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.995.365
Peter P. Grima, Emily T. Magleby, Matt Peters, Amanda K. Weise
{"title":"Les Mehrhoff Botanical Research Awards","authors":"Peter P. Grima, Emily T. Magleby, Matt Peters, Amanda K. Weise","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.995.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.995.365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"365 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42580849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.995.364
Michael LaScaleia, Madeleine Meadows-McDonnell, Amber Stanley
The award will be used to aid in collection of specimens, in visiting herbaria, and in collection of preliminary data for a research project that 1) uses an explicitly phylogenetic approach to help identify relationships among species and limits between putative species among Myriophyllum; and 2) uses the phylogenetic hypotheses to a) examine the limits and evolution of plasticity in the “North American” clade and b) investigate the role of hybridization in this prolific invasive species.
{"title":"Graduate Student Research Awards","authors":"Michael LaScaleia, Madeleine Meadows-McDonnell, Amber Stanley","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.995.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.995.364","url":null,"abstract":"The award will be used to aid in collection of specimens, in visiting herbaria, and in collection of preliminary data for a research project that 1) uses an explicitly phylogenetic approach to help identify relationships among species and limits between putative species among Myriophyllum; and 2) uses the phylogenetic hypotheses to a) examine the limits and evolution of plasticity in the “North American” clade and b) investigate the role of hybridization in this prolific invasive species.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"364 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41322266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Padgett, Jenna E. Mendell, Carilyne Ricardo Carbonell
Nuphar advena (Ait.) Ait. f. (Nymphaeaceae) is common and widespread in waters of the eastern United States south of New England with four recognized subspecies (Padgett 2007). Occurrences in the northeastern United States represent the more widespread, typical subspecies (subsp. advena [Padgett 2007]). In New England, this taxon is of conservation concern as Division 2, Regionally Rare (Brumback and Gerke 2013) and currently state-listed as Special Concern in Connecticut (believed extirpated) and Maine (Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection 2015; Maine Natural Areas Program 2021). Maine occurrences represent highly disjunct populations for the species (Padgett 2007). As part of an aquatic plant identification course, a collection was submitted which contained an unusual Nuphar specimen for Massachusetts, initially identified as the native N. variegata Dur. The leaf had a rounded petiole and divergent basal lobes— features which do not align with N. variegata. To assess the peculiar population, we visited the collection site the following season. Plants growing in this waterbody were determined to be N. advena based on terete petioles and emersed blades (>60 cm above water surface) with greatly divergent lobes (Figure 1). Also consistent with N. advena, the innermost sepals were green on their adaxial surfaces. These plants, previously not known to exist in Massachusetts, were growing throughout the southern shore of the Blue Hills Reservoir (42.22855, −71.05067) in the Blue Hills Reservation. The newly discovered Massachusetts population is well-established, individuals abundant, and all notably robust in size. At the time of observation, plants were flowering and possessed mature fruits. They exhibited the leaf habit typical of freshwater tidal waters with leaf blades positioned in a vertical orientation, parallel with the erect petioles. How the species reached the reservoir is unknown to us, but the history of the site strongly suggests a deliberate introduction. The Blue Hills Reservoir was initially constructed in the 1950s. From 2007–2010, it was completely reconstructed by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority as part of a water storage project which eliminated the eastern half of the original reservoir (Massachusetts Water Resources Authority 2009). A review of satellite imagery from 2007–2008 (Google Earth Pro 2022) showed the basin was dry during construction. The area was proposed to be re-vegetated as part of the site-enhancement activities of the project (Massachusetts Water Resources Authority
{"title":"An established Nuphar advena (Nymphaeaceae) in Massachusetts, U.S.A.","authors":"D. Padgett, Jenna E. Mendell, Carilyne Ricardo Carbonell","doi":"10.3119/22-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/22-21","url":null,"abstract":"Nuphar advena (Ait.) Ait. f. (Nymphaeaceae) is common and widespread in waters of the eastern United States south of New England with four recognized subspecies (Padgett 2007). Occurrences in the northeastern United States represent the more widespread, typical subspecies (subsp. advena [Padgett 2007]). In New England, this taxon is of conservation concern as Division 2, Regionally Rare (Brumback and Gerke 2013) and currently state-listed as Special Concern in Connecticut (believed extirpated) and Maine (Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection 2015; Maine Natural Areas Program 2021). Maine occurrences represent highly disjunct populations for the species (Padgett 2007). As part of an aquatic plant identification course, a collection was submitted which contained an unusual Nuphar specimen for Massachusetts, initially identified as the native N. variegata Dur. The leaf had a rounded petiole and divergent basal lobes— features which do not align with N. variegata. To assess the peculiar population, we visited the collection site the following season. Plants growing in this waterbody were determined to be N. advena based on terete petioles and emersed blades (>60 cm above water surface) with greatly divergent lobes (Figure 1). Also consistent with N. advena, the innermost sepals were green on their adaxial surfaces. These plants, previously not known to exist in Massachusetts, were growing throughout the southern shore of the Blue Hills Reservoir (42.22855, −71.05067) in the Blue Hills Reservation. The newly discovered Massachusetts population is well-established, individuals abundant, and all notably robust in size. At the time of observation, plants were flowering and possessed mature fruits. They exhibited the leaf habit typical of freshwater tidal waters with leaf blades positioned in a vertical orientation, parallel with the erect petioles. How the species reached the reservoir is unknown to us, but the history of the site strongly suggests a deliberate introduction. The Blue Hills Reservoir was initially constructed in the 1950s. From 2007–2010, it was completely reconstructed by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority as part of a water storage project which eliminated the eastern half of the original reservoir (Massachusetts Water Resources Authority 2009). A review of satellite imagery from 2007–2008 (Google Earth Pro 2022) showed the basin was dry during construction. The area was proposed to be re-vegetated as part of the site-enhancement activities of the project (Massachusetts Water Resources Authority","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"359 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47327452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chinquapin oaks, Quercus prinoides Willd. and Quercus muehlenbergii Engl., are known to hybridize with each other as well as other members of the white oak subgenus throughout their occurrence in the eastern United States (Tirmenstein 1991). However, Tucker (1961) postulated that Q. muehlenbergii and five other oak species that hybridized with Q. gambelii Nutt. in the southwestern United States were the sources of variation in a group of variable populations, of apparent hybrid origin, that he called the Q. undulata Torr. complex. Quercus muehlenbergii is unique in the complex as the only member whose main occurrence is in the widely separated forests of the eastern and central United States. While Tucker studied the effects of hybridization on Q. undulata, it is possible that hybridization has affected the chinquapin oaks as well, both morphologically and in such features as habit or soil preference. Today, taxonomists treat the chinquapin oaks as two taxa but disagree on the appropriate rank; a single species with two varieties (Burger 1975; Gleason 1963; Mohlenbrock and Thomson 2009; Steyermark 1963) or two species, as in Flora of North America (Nixon and Muller 1997), with Quercus prinoides a shrub and Q. muehlenbergii a tree. In this paper I refer to the chinquapin oaks as a single species, Q. prinoides. Disjunct populations of Quercus prinoides occurring in New Mexico and western Texas were examined as part of a study of the species status of the chinquapin oaks (Thomson 1978). During that study, evidence of hybridization between Q. prinoides and two members of the Q. undulata complex was discovered in the Capitan Mountains of New Mexico. Results of that study are presented here.
{"title":"Quercus prinoides (Fagaceae) hybrids in the Capitan Mountains of New Mexico, U.S.A.","authors":"P. Thomson","doi":"10.3119/21-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/21-21","url":null,"abstract":"The chinquapin oaks, Quercus prinoides Willd. and Quercus muehlenbergii Engl., are known to hybridize with each other as well as other members of the white oak subgenus throughout their occurrence in the eastern United States (Tirmenstein 1991). However, Tucker (1961) postulated that Q. muehlenbergii and five other oak species that hybridized with Q. gambelii Nutt. in the southwestern United States were the sources of variation in a group of variable populations, of apparent hybrid origin, that he called the Q. undulata Torr. complex. Quercus muehlenbergii is unique in the complex as the only member whose main occurrence is in the widely separated forests of the eastern and central United States. While Tucker studied the effects of hybridization on Q. undulata, it is possible that hybridization has affected the chinquapin oaks as well, both morphologically and in such features as habit or soil preference. Today, taxonomists treat the chinquapin oaks as two taxa but disagree on the appropriate rank; a single species with two varieties (Burger 1975; Gleason 1963; Mohlenbrock and Thomson 2009; Steyermark 1963) or two species, as in Flora of North America (Nixon and Muller 1997), with Quercus prinoides a shrub and Q. muehlenbergii a tree. In this paper I refer to the chinquapin oaks as a single species, Q. prinoides. Disjunct populations of Quercus prinoides occurring in New Mexico and western Texas were examined as part of a study of the species status of the chinquapin oaks (Thomson 1978). During that study, evidence of hybridization between Q. prinoides and two members of the Q. undulata complex was discovered in the Capitan Mountains of New Mexico. Results of that study are presented here.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"335 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47335101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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