We report the presence of Eupatorium cannabinum L. (hemp agrimony) growing spontaneously in Dukes County, Massachusetts, in Edgartown on Martha’s Vineyard. This species has not been documented previously in New England (Angelo and Boufford 2020). The native range of E. cannabinum is Europe to central Asia and northwestern Africa (Plants of the World Online 2019). Considered a garden escapee in the United States, it has been documented in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia in the United States, and is possibly naturalized in British Columbia in Canada (National Resources Conservation Service 2021). In New Zealand, E. cannabinum has been reported to be invasive (Global Invasive Species Database 2021). Eupatorium cannabinum is a perennial herb that grows to 1.5 m tall (Siripun and Schilling 2006). It is typically found in disturbed (Siripun and Schilling 2006) and wet sites (Global Invasive Species Database 2021). We found the plants on conservation land within 60 m of a freshwater pond. Hundreds of flowering stems were present in a lightly shaded thicket at the base of a slope and extending a short distance upslope. They occupied an area measuring approximately 16 × 13 m. A single plant in occasionally mowed trailside brush in light shade was located 40 m distant. Accompanying plants included Acer rubrum L., Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy., Artemisia vulgaris L., Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. americana (Sims) Brummitt, Clethra alnifolia L., Eupatorium perfoliatum L., Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt., Hedera helix L., Holcus lanatus L., Juncus pylaei Laharpe, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus velutina Lam., Solidago rugosa Mill., Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L. Nesom, Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze, and Viburnum dentatum L. We identified our plants as Eupatorium cannabinum using the key of Siripun and Schilling (2006): leaves (at least larger proximal) palmately 3(–5)-lobed; the lobes relatively broad (20–40 mm); margins serrate; corollas usually pinkish. Other notable features
我们报告的存在大麻泽兰(大麻草)自发生长在杜克县，马萨诸塞州，在埃德加敦玛莎葡萄园。这个物种以前在新英格兰没有被记录过(Angelo and Boufford 2020)。大麻大麻的原产于欧洲到中亚和非洲西北部(世界植物在线2019)。它被认为是美国的花园逃犯，在美国的纽约州、宾夕法尼亚州、马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州都有记录，并可能在加拿大的不列颠哥伦比亚省归化(国家资源保护局2021年)。据报道，在新西兰，大麻杆菌具有入侵性(2021年全球入侵物种数据库)。大麻泽兰是一种多年生草本植物，可长到1.5米高(Siripun and Schilling 2006)。它通常发现于受干扰(Siripun and Schilling 2006)和潮湿的地点(全球入侵物种数据库2021)。我们在保育用地上发现了这些植物，它们距离一个淡水池塘不到60米。数百个开花茎存在于斜坡底部的浅荫灌木丛中，并向上坡延伸了一小段距离。他们占据了大约16 × 13米的面积。在40米远的地方，有一株植物位于偶尔修剪过的路旁灌木丛中。伴生植物有红槭、甘露葡萄等。Momiy。短柄草变种Momiy。黄花蒿，黄花蒿(L.)r . Br。无性系种群。美洲属(Sims) Brummitt，全叶草属(Clethra alnifolia L.)，百叶泽兰属(Eupatorium perfoliatum L.)，禾草属(Euthamia graminifolia L.)纳特。金银花，金银花，金银花，金银花。李子树(Prunus servtina Ehrh)、白栎。，一枝黄花。(1)比利时红唇虱(L.)G.L. Nesom，毒刺(L.)我们使用Siripun和Schilling(2006)的关键鉴定了我们的植物为大麻泽兰(Eupatorium cannabinum):叶子(至少较大的近端)掌状3(-5)裂;裂片相对宽(20-40毫米);边缘锯齿状的;花冠通常带粉红色。其他值得注意的功能
{"title":"Eupatorium cannabinum (Asteraceae), a New Species for New England","authors":"G. Palermo, Margaret Curtin, Kristen Geagan","doi":"10.3119/21-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/21-05","url":null,"abstract":"We report the presence of Eupatorium cannabinum L. (hemp agrimony) growing spontaneously in Dukes County, Massachusetts, in Edgartown on Martha’s Vineyard. This species has not been documented previously in New England (Angelo and Boufford 2020). The native range of E. cannabinum is Europe to central Asia and northwestern Africa (Plants of the World Online 2019). Considered a garden escapee in the United States, it has been documented in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia in the United States, and is possibly naturalized in British Columbia in Canada (National Resources Conservation Service 2021). In New Zealand, E. cannabinum has been reported to be invasive (Global Invasive Species Database 2021). Eupatorium cannabinum is a perennial herb that grows to 1.5 m tall (Siripun and Schilling 2006). It is typically found in disturbed (Siripun and Schilling 2006) and wet sites (Global Invasive Species Database 2021). We found the plants on conservation land within 60 m of a freshwater pond. Hundreds of flowering stems were present in a lightly shaded thicket at the base of a slope and extending a short distance upslope. They occupied an area measuring approximately 16 × 13 m. A single plant in occasionally mowed trailside brush in light shade was located 40 m distant. Accompanying plants included Acer rubrum L., Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy., Artemisia vulgaris L., Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. americana (Sims) Brummitt, Clethra alnifolia L., Eupatorium perfoliatum L., Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt., Hedera helix L., Holcus lanatus L., Juncus pylaei Laharpe, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus velutina Lam., Solidago rugosa Mill., Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L. Nesom, Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze, and Viburnum dentatum L. We identified our plants as Eupatorium cannabinum using the key of Siripun and Schilling (2006): leaves (at least larger proximal) palmately 3(–5)-lobed; the lobes relatively broad (20–40 mm); margins serrate; corollas usually pinkish. Other notable features","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"85 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45940148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomáš Závada, K. Omand, Rondy J. Malik, Dina Tsirelson, R. Kesseli
ABSTRACT Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea) are members of the Asteraceae and natives of Eurasia. Centaurea stoebe is a major invasive species in North America, dominating large stretches of grassland. It also is known to form hybrids in North America with closely related naturalized Centaurea spp., including C. jacea. Both species were introduced on Nantucket Island, a coastal island 44 km south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and morphologically unusual, possible hybrid populations have been reported. The aim of this study was to test for hybridization between these weeds in an isolated setting. Chloroplast marker sequences revealed that all the hybrid-like plants shared the same haplotype with C. jacea populations. The analysis of nuclear markers with microsatellite markers showed surprisingly little intra- and inter-specific gene flow between populations and no evidence of hybridization between C. stoebe and C. jacea. Two populations with hybrid-like morphology are most likely environmental plastic morphs of C. jacea.
{"title":"Testing for Hybridization between Centaurea stoebe and Centaurea jacea (Asteraceae) in the Isolated Island Setting of Nantucket, Massachusetts, U.S.A.","authors":"Tomáš Závada, K. Omand, Rondy J. Malik, Dina Tsirelson, R. Kesseli","doi":"10.3119/20-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-19","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea) are members of the Asteraceae and natives of Eurasia. Centaurea stoebe is a major invasive species in North America, dominating large stretches of grassland. It also is known to form hybrids in North America with closely related naturalized Centaurea spp., including C. jacea. Both species were introduced on Nantucket Island, a coastal island 44 km south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and morphologically unusual, possible hybrid populations have been reported. The aim of this study was to test for hybridization between these weeds in an isolated setting. Chloroplast marker sequences revealed that all the hybrid-like plants shared the same haplotype with C. jacea populations. The analysis of nuclear markers with microsatellite markers showed surprisingly little intra- and inter-specific gene flow between populations and no evidence of hybridization between C. stoebe and C. jacea. Two populations with hybrid-like morphology are most likely environmental plastic morphs of C. jacea.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42878718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A new hybrid of the autumnal daffodils Narcissus serotinus and N. deficiens is described for the first time from Seville Province (southern Spain). Seven qualitative characters and 21 quantitative measurements were taken from the hybrid and progenitors. Intermediate and uniparental characteristics were detected. The description of N. ×hispalensis enlarges the list of wild hybrid daffodils in the Iberian Peninsula, the center of speciation for Narcissus.
{"title":"A New Contribution to the Wild Daffodils of the Iberian Peninsula: Description of the Autumnal Narcissus ×Hispalensis (Amaryllidaceae)","authors":"J. López-Tirado","doi":"10.3119/20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-25","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new hybrid of the autumnal daffodils Narcissus serotinus and N. deficiens is described for the first time from Seville Province (southern Spain). Seven qualitative characters and 21 quantitative measurements were taken from the hybrid and progenitors. Intermediate and uniparental characteristics were detected. The description of N. ×hispalensis enlarges the list of wild hybrid daffodils in the Iberian Peninsula, the center of speciation for Narcissus.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"11 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45611860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Hiking trails provide the opportunity for people to access, experience, and appreciate natural areas, but they also pose the risk of damage by converting vegetated areas to trail, providing the opportunity for off-trail hiking, and increasing soil compaction. To assess the impact of hiking trails on the plant community of a northeastern forest ecosystem, trail width was measured, and understory vegetation was documented at the trail edge, 3 m from the trail, and 5 m from the trail every 4 km along the Northville–Placid Trail from Benson to Averyville Road in the Adirondack State Park of New York State in August 2018. Soil compaction, canopy cover, and the tree species in the canopy were documented, including from the trail itself. The mean trail width was 65.18 ± 6.06 cm. Within the 183.39 km of trail sampled, 119,533.60 ± 11,113.43 m2 of forest were replaced with trail. Soil compaction was greatest in the trail and significantly lower off the trail. None of the canopies of the tree species was more likely to occur away from the trail than adjacent to or directly above the trail. Canopy cover did not differ significantly among sample locations. Cover of understory species was not significantly different near to or away from the trail. Species richness in the understory was significantly higher adjacent to the trail than 5 m from the trail, but trail width, canopy openness above the trail, canopy openness adjacent to the trail, and soil compaction were not significantly related to species richness adjacent to the trail. Understory community composition was more similar among plots within a sample location than between plots 5 m from the trail at adjacent sample locations. Collectively, the plant community outside of the trail itself is not significantly affected by the presence of the trail. The major impact of the trail is the loss of the plant community at its margins as the trail width increases. Hikers should be further educated and encouraged to use trails in ways that minimize the width of the trail to protect the ecosystem, along with trail managers continuing to increase the sustainability of the trail design.
{"title":"Minimal Impact of a Long-Distance Hiking Trail on the Plant Community in the Adirondack Park, New York State, U.S.A.","authors":"Jack T. Tessier","doi":"10.3119/21-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/21-07","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hiking trails provide the opportunity for people to access, experience, and appreciate natural areas, but they also pose the risk of damage by converting vegetated areas to trail, providing the opportunity for off-trail hiking, and increasing soil compaction. To assess the impact of hiking trails on the plant community of a northeastern forest ecosystem, trail width was measured, and understory vegetation was documented at the trail edge, 3 m from the trail, and 5 m from the trail every 4 km along the Northville–Placid Trail from Benson to Averyville Road in the Adirondack State Park of New York State in August 2018. Soil compaction, canopy cover, and the tree species in the canopy were documented, including from the trail itself. The mean trail width was 65.18 ± 6.06 cm. Within the 183.39 km of trail sampled, 119,533.60 ± 11,113.43 m2 of forest were replaced with trail. Soil compaction was greatest in the trail and significantly lower off the trail. None of the canopies of the tree species was more likely to occur away from the trail than adjacent to or directly above the trail. Canopy cover did not differ significantly among sample locations. Cover of understory species was not significantly different near to or away from the trail. Species richness in the understory was significantly higher adjacent to the trail than 5 m from the trail, but trail width, canopy openness above the trail, canopy openness adjacent to the trail, and soil compaction were not significantly related to species richness adjacent to the trail. Understory community composition was more similar among plots within a sample location than between plots 5 m from the trail at adjacent sample locations. Collectively, the plant community outside of the trail itself is not significantly affected by the presence of the trail. The major impact of the trail is the loss of the plant community at its margins as the trail width increases. Hikers should be further educated and encouraged to use trails in ways that minimize the width of the trail to protect the ecosystem, along with trail managers continuing to increase the sustainability of the trail design.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"31 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48979119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2019, the first naturalized population of pawpaw, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, in Massachusetts was found by Barbara Katzenberg (Standley and Katzenberg 2019) in Lexington, Massachusetts. In October 2020, Russ Cohen located a second population approximately 1.5 km west of the original, in the Town of Lexington’s Parker Meadow Conservation Area. This population extends across almost 0.8 ha, with stem densities reaching 30 per square meter. Numerous trees are 8 to 10 cm in diameter and 6 to 7 m tall. Ripening fruits were present on the larger trees and on the ground. There are several disjunct clusters of stems, separated by up to 15 m of woods and trails. These discrete clusters are likely to represent separate clones resulting from independent seedling establishment. Plants were observed in undisturbed woods, open wet woods, and on a linear dredge spoil pile. The character of this newly discovered naturalized pawpaw patch, in terms of the size, density, and distribution of the plants present, growing underneath a canopy of taller trees, compares very favorably to naturally occurring populations of this species Cohen has observed in its native range further south (e.g., the Ohio River Valley). The origin of this naturalized population more than 200 miles from the natural range limit in western New York and northern Pennsylvania (Kral 1997) is unknown, likely human-mediated seed or seedling establishment from a cultivated source. Pawpaw has been cultivated at the Arnold Arboretum since 1880 (Arnold Arboretum 2021) and is known to us to be cultivated at other locations in Middlesex County. The presence of multiple clones of different ages at this location suggests successful sexual reproduction and short-distance seed dispersal by natural agents, perhaps coyotes, as documented by Cypher and Cypher (1999). The extensive spread and apparent recruitment from seed of pawpaw at this suburban Boston location suggests that increasingly temperate conditions brought on by climate change are favorable to vegetative and sexual reproduction of more southerly species such as Asimina triloba and allow them to occupy New England habitats, including natural woodlands (see also Bellemare and Deeg 2015). Using bioclimatic modelling,
{"title":"Another Successful Establishment of Pawpaw (Asimina triloba, Annonaceae) in Massachusetts","authors":"L. Standley, R. Cohen","doi":"10.3119/20-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-36","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, the first naturalized population of pawpaw, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, in Massachusetts was found by Barbara Katzenberg (Standley and Katzenberg 2019) in Lexington, Massachusetts. In October 2020, Russ Cohen located a second population approximately 1.5 km west of the original, in the Town of Lexington’s Parker Meadow Conservation Area. This population extends across almost 0.8 ha, with stem densities reaching 30 per square meter. Numerous trees are 8 to 10 cm in diameter and 6 to 7 m tall. Ripening fruits were present on the larger trees and on the ground. There are several disjunct clusters of stems, separated by up to 15 m of woods and trails. These discrete clusters are likely to represent separate clones resulting from independent seedling establishment. Plants were observed in undisturbed woods, open wet woods, and on a linear dredge spoil pile. The character of this newly discovered naturalized pawpaw patch, in terms of the size, density, and distribution of the plants present, growing underneath a canopy of taller trees, compares very favorably to naturally occurring populations of this species Cohen has observed in its native range further south (e.g., the Ohio River Valley). The origin of this naturalized population more than 200 miles from the natural range limit in western New York and northern Pennsylvania (Kral 1997) is unknown, likely human-mediated seed or seedling establishment from a cultivated source. Pawpaw has been cultivated at the Arnold Arboretum since 1880 (Arnold Arboretum 2021) and is known to us to be cultivated at other locations in Middlesex County. The presence of multiple clones of different ages at this location suggests successful sexual reproduction and short-distance seed dispersal by natural agents, perhaps coyotes, as documented by Cypher and Cypher (1999). The extensive spread and apparent recruitment from seed of pawpaw at this suburban Boston location suggests that increasingly temperate conditions brought on by climate change are favorable to vegetative and sexual reproduction of more southerly species such as Asimina triloba and allow them to occupy New England habitats, including natural woodlands (see also Bellemare and Deeg 2015). Using bioclimatic modelling,","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"91 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-122.993.95
L. Standley
{"title":"André Michaux in North America, Journals and Letters, 1785–1797","authors":"L. Standley","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-122.993.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-122.993.95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"95 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44545762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Hough, Arthur V. Gilman, Colin J. Chapman-Lam
ABSTRACT A previously described but unnamed hybrid of Geum aleppicum and G. canadense is reported from central New York, Vermont, and southern Ontario. Wild plants were compared to a cultivated plant and all exhibited traits intermediate in characters between the parent species. Comparative analysis of floral characters showed little relationship to Geum virginianum, as previously proposed. The hybrid is also compared to two similar hybrids involving G. urbanum, with which it might be confused. The hybrid is described and named here as G. ×hainesianum, nothosp. nov. A key to Geum species and hybrids east of the Rocky Mountains is presented.
{"title":"Geum ×Hainesianum (Rosaceae), a New Hybrid Avens from Eastern North America","authors":"Michael Hough, Arthur V. Gilman, Colin J. Chapman-Lam","doi":"10.3119/21-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/21-06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A previously described but unnamed hybrid of Geum aleppicum and G. canadense is reported from central New York, Vermont, and southern Ontario. Wild plants were compared to a cultivated plant and all exhibited traits intermediate in characters between the parent species. Comparative analysis of floral characters showed little relationship to Geum virginianum, as previously proposed. The hybrid is also compared to two similar hybrids involving G. urbanum, with which it might be confused. The hybrid is described and named here as G. ×hainesianum, nothosp. nov. A key to Geum species and hybrids east of the Rocky Mountains is presented.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"67 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48929009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efforts in recent years to digitize herbarium collections (i.e., image, capture label data, and georeference) have allowed for easier access to plant specimen data, facilitating study of the dynamic nature of our world’s flora (Hedrick et al. 2020). In the United States, such studies are increasingly important in light of urbanization and associated habitat destruction, changes in land use, introduction of nonnative species, and climate change. Changes in the flora have economic as well as ecological effects, since habitat loss can affect water quality, wildlife populations, and other landscape attributes important in recreation and tourism (e.g., hiking, fishing). Documenting the flora provides an important tool for understanding historic trends, and those historic “snapshots” of the flora over time can be used in future projects such as habitat mitigation and species restoration. New, well-prepared herbarium specimens, along with thorough collection data, will be valuable additions in the future, providing modern records of distribution and phenology, as well as verifiable records of rare and nonnative species. Traditionally, herbarium specimens have been used in systematics research as well as studies of floristic diversity and biogeography. Specimen data have also been used in making historical comparisons related to ecological succession and human effects such as habitat destruction and climate change (Lang et al. 2018). Assessing changes in phenology, diversity, and distribution over time, tracking introduced and invasive species, and monitoring the decline of rare or sensitive species are common themes in studies making use of herbarium specimens today (Dolan et al. 2011; Everill et al. 2014; Loarie et al. 2008; Primack and Miller-Rushing 2012; Willis et al. 2017). More recently, herbaria have been used to track correlations among taxonomic groups, such as pollinator networks (Mathiasson and Rehan 2020) and mycorrhizal associations (Heberling and Burke 2019). As well, floristics is increasingly being merged into species distribution modeling as a way to use data to identify potential habitat and predict future distributions (Loarie et al. 2008; Wershow and DeChaine 2018), and into spatial phylogenetics, an evolutionary approach to the assessment of biodiversity and endemism (Mishler et al. 2020; Thornhill et al. 2016). Digitization advancements have also paved the way for new initiatives such as the Extended Specimen Network (Lendemer et al. 2020). This concept recognizes that herbarium specimens may be analyzed in multiple ways, creating a suite of interconnected
{"title":"Specimen Collection and Preparation for a Changing Flora","authors":"Janet R. Sullivan, Mare Nazaire","doi":"10.3119/20-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-32","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts in recent years to digitize herbarium collections (i.e., image, capture label data, and georeference) have allowed for easier access to plant specimen data, facilitating study of the dynamic nature of our world’s flora (Hedrick et al. 2020). In the United States, such studies are increasingly important in light of urbanization and associated habitat destruction, changes in land use, introduction of nonnative species, and climate change. Changes in the flora have economic as well as ecological effects, since habitat loss can affect water quality, wildlife populations, and other landscape attributes important in recreation and tourism (e.g., hiking, fishing). Documenting the flora provides an important tool for understanding historic trends, and those historic “snapshots” of the flora over time can be used in future projects such as habitat mitigation and species restoration. New, well-prepared herbarium specimens, along with thorough collection data, will be valuable additions in the future, providing modern records of distribution and phenology, as well as verifiable records of rare and nonnative species. Traditionally, herbarium specimens have been used in systematics research as well as studies of floristic diversity and biogeography. Specimen data have also been used in making historical comparisons related to ecological succession and human effects such as habitat destruction and climate change (Lang et al. 2018). Assessing changes in phenology, diversity, and distribution over time, tracking introduced and invasive species, and monitoring the decline of rare or sensitive species are common themes in studies making use of herbarium specimens today (Dolan et al. 2011; Everill et al. 2014; Loarie et al. 2008; Primack and Miller-Rushing 2012; Willis et al. 2017). More recently, herbaria have been used to track correlations among taxonomic groups, such as pollinator networks (Mathiasson and Rehan 2020) and mycorrhizal associations (Heberling and Burke 2019). As well, floristics is increasingly being merged into species distribution modeling as a way to use data to identify potential habitat and predict future distributions (Loarie et al. 2008; Wershow and DeChaine 2018), and into spatial phylogenetics, an evolutionary approach to the assessment of biodiversity and endemism (Mishler et al. 2020; Thornhill et al. 2016). Digitization advancements have also paved the way for new initiatives such as the Extended Specimen Network (Lendemer et al. 2020). This concept recognizes that herbarium specimens may be analyzed in multiple ways, creating a suite of interconnected","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"50 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44845118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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