Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.444
Karen Hirschberg
The New England Botanical Club convened its 1153rd meeting virtually on Saturday, October 2, 2021. Treasurer Robert Wernerehl introduced the speaker, Dr. Christopher Neill, Senior Scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, whose presentation was titled “Plant Responses and Ecosystem Resilience Following Restoration of Former Cranberry Bogs.” Dr. Neill is interested in the use of ecosystem restoration to combat climate change. The restoration of cranberry bogs is a shining example of what we can accomplish by managing natural spaces for carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services, and for biodiversity. Cranberries are a global commodity. Massachusetts was the leading producer of cranberries until the 1990s when Wisconsin expanded its production using modern, high-yield varieties grown in massive commercial facilities. In Massachusetts traditional cranberry production uses natural bogs that are flooded from rivers and streams (flow-through bogs) and other natural wetlands planted with older varieties of cranberries. These traditional bogs are less productive and harder to manage than the modern facilities, thus less competitive. The Massachusetts cranberry industry is transitioning to production in more efficient man-made upland bogs to increase efficiency and productivity, providing opportunities for restoration of some traditional bogs as they are retired. Dr. Neill and collaborators mapped out the types and status of Massachusetts cranberry bogs in eastern Massachusetts and found that 20% are traditional flow-through bogs, 35% are traditional wetland bogs, and 45% are upland or newly renovated for modern production methods. The flow-through bogs and some of the traditional wetland bogs will not be renovated and will go to restoration. Based on their analysis, several thousand acres of cranberry bogs could be retired within a decade, so have a high potential for future restoration. Dr. Neill and his collaborators are documenting differences between passive and active restoration of cranberry bogs at six bog restoration sites. Passive restoration— cessation of farming activities and reliance on natural restoration processes—was compared with active restoration projects where actions were taken to restore soil and hydrologic conditions to meet ecosystem and biodiversity goals. They established 3 × 3 m quadrats, identifying all plants and noting life form, native vs. non-native and wetland indicator status. Retired bogs that were left to restore passively were dominated by native species, initially forbs and graminoids (e.g., switchgrass, woolgrass), then vines, shrubs, and trees (pitch pine, red maple) increased over time and canopy closure occurred after about 20 years. Cranberries gradually die out as taller cover increases. The vegetative community becomes dominated by facultative species, generalists that grow equally well in wetland or upland. Ecosystem services provided in these bogs over time include
{"title":"NEBC Meeting News","authors":"Karen Hirschberg","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.444","url":null,"abstract":"The New England Botanical Club convened its 1153rd meeting virtually on Saturday, October 2, 2021. Treasurer Robert Wernerehl introduced the speaker, Dr. Christopher Neill, Senior Scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, whose presentation was titled “Plant Responses and Ecosystem Resilience Following Restoration of Former Cranberry Bogs.” Dr. Neill is interested in the use of ecosystem restoration to combat climate change. The restoration of cranberry bogs is a shining example of what we can accomplish by managing natural spaces for carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services, and for biodiversity. Cranberries are a global commodity. Massachusetts was the leading producer of cranberries until the 1990s when Wisconsin expanded its production using modern, high-yield varieties grown in massive commercial facilities. In Massachusetts traditional cranberry production uses natural bogs that are flooded from rivers and streams (flow-through bogs) and other natural wetlands planted with older varieties of cranberries. These traditional bogs are less productive and harder to manage than the modern facilities, thus less competitive. The Massachusetts cranberry industry is transitioning to production in more efficient man-made upland bogs to increase efficiency and productivity, providing opportunities for restoration of some traditional bogs as they are retired. Dr. Neill and collaborators mapped out the types and status of Massachusetts cranberry bogs in eastern Massachusetts and found that 20% are traditional flow-through bogs, 35% are traditional wetland bogs, and 45% are upland or newly renovated for modern production methods. The flow-through bogs and some of the traditional wetland bogs will not be renovated and will go to restoration. Based on their analysis, several thousand acres of cranberry bogs could be retired within a decade, so have a high potential for future restoration. Dr. Neill and his collaborators are documenting differences between passive and active restoration of cranberry bogs at six bog restoration sites. Passive restoration— cessation of farming activities and reliance on natural restoration processes—was compared with active restoration projects where actions were taken to restore soil and hydrologic conditions to meet ecosystem and biodiversity goals. They established 3 × 3 m quadrats, identifying all plants and noting life form, native vs. non-native and wetland indicator status. Retired bogs that were left to restore passively were dominated by native species, initially forbs and graminoids (e.g., switchgrass, woolgrass), then vines, shrubs, and trees (pitch pine, red maple) increased over time and canopy closure occurred after about 20 years. Cranberries gradually die out as taller cover increases. The vegetative community becomes dominated by facultative species, generalists that grow equally well in wetland or upland. Ecosystem services provided in these bogs over time include ","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.449
{"title":"Bylaws of the New England Botanical Society, Incorporated","authors":"","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46733210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Coastal erosion at Stonewall Beach on the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A., has exposed a thick layer of peaty sediments rich in botanical remains, including well-preserved tree trunks. We identified the species of the tree trunks based on wood anatomy, analyzed pollen and macrofossils in the sediments, and determined the ages of the tree trunks and peat with 14C dating. The tree trunks were identified as Pinus strobus (white pine), and pollen assemblages featured high percentages of P. strobus in sediments associated with the trunks. The tree trunks and peat dated to ∼10,700–9800 calibrated 14C years before present. These findings confirm that Martha's Vineyard, like other parts of southern New England, was dominated by P. strobus forest during the early Holocene. At that time, regional climate was drier than today and Martha's Vineyard was not yet isolated from the mainland by postglacial sea-level rise.
{"title":"A 10,000-Year-Old White Pine Forest Emerges at Stonewall Beach, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A.","authors":"W. Wyatt Oswald, D. Foster, B. Goodell, B. Shuman","doi":"10.3119/21-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/21-17","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coastal erosion at Stonewall Beach on the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A., has exposed a thick layer of peaty sediments rich in botanical remains, including well-preserved tree trunks. We identified the species of the tree trunks based on wood anatomy, analyzed pollen and macrofossils in the sediments, and determined the ages of the tree trunks and peat with 14C dating. The tree trunks were identified as Pinus strobus (white pine), and pollen assemblages featured high percentages of P. strobus in sediments associated with the trunks. The tree trunks and peat dated to ∼10,700–9800 calibrated 14C years before present. These findings confirm that Martha's Vineyard, like other parts of southern New England, was dominated by P. strobus forest during the early Holocene. At that time, regional climate was drier than today and Martha's Vineyard was not yet isolated from the mainland by postglacial sea-level rise.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48788555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. is an herbaceous perennial of disturbed, sandy habitats of the Atlantic coastal plain, ranging from Georgia to southern New England. Most references list Hartford County, Connecticut, as the northernmost station and the only New England record for the species. However, we recently encountered a putative record from Nantucket, Massachusetts, U.S.A., and investigated its validity. Using a combination of physical inspection of the specimen and biographical details of the collector, Lorin Low Dame, we conclude that E. ipecacuanhae was collected from the island of Nantucket in the late 19th century, expanding the known natural range for the species. We also discuss habitat and landscape-scale ecological processes that would have supported the species at that time and prospects for its rediscovery in New England.
{"title":"Euphorbia ipecacuanhae on Nantucket: A Historical State Record Comes to Light","authors":"Peter P. Grima, K. Omand, Patrick W. Sweeney","doi":"10.3119/22-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/22-09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. is an herbaceous perennial of disturbed, sandy habitats of the Atlantic coastal plain, ranging from Georgia to southern New England. Most references list Hartford County, Connecticut, as the northernmost station and the only New England record for the species. However, we recently encountered a putative record from Nantucket, Massachusetts, U.S.A., and investigated its validity. Using a combination of physical inspection of the specimen and biographical details of the collector, Lorin Low Dame, we conclude that E. ipecacuanhae was collected from the island of Nantucket in the late 19th century, expanding the known natural range for the species. We also discuss habitat and landscape-scale ecological processes that would have supported the species at that time and prospects for its rediscovery in New England.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.459
{"title":"Statement of Ownership","authors":"","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.459","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134983210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Floristic studies of introduced and native seaweed populations from 14 open coastal and estuarine sites within southern Maine and New Hampshire were documented between 1965 and 2017. A total of 186 seaweed taxa were recorded, including 15 introduced (8.1%) and 171 native (91.9%) species. The highest species diversity (123 taxa) occurred at the open coastal Seapoint Beach site in Kittery, Maine, and an estuarine tidal rapid site at Dover Point, New Hampshire, with 106 taxa. The numbers of introduced species per site ranged from 2–11. The percent occurrence patterns for the 15 introduced seaweeds were highly variable, with Codium fragile subsp. fragile and Ulonema rhizophorum being restricted to single sites (7%), Melanothamnus harveyi occurring at 12 sites (86%), and Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and Dasysiphonia japonica at 13 sites (93%). The geographical origins and initial collection dates for the 15 introduced taxa were highly variable, with their initial collections ranging from 1848 (M. harveyi) to 2007 (D. japonica). Codium fragile subsp. fragile had the most protracted period between its initial occurrence at Orient Point, New York, in 1957 and in northern New England 40 years later (i.e., 1997). By contrast, several other introduced taxa had rapid geographic expansions within five years. The numbers and abundance of introduced species in the Gulf of Maine have increased dramatically between 1986 and 2017, with nine recorded in 1986 and 15 in 2017. Two native warm-water red algae (Agardhiella subulata and Gelidium crinale) showed sudden northward expansions during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Their presence may be associated with global warming, which is presently occurring at an alarming rate within the Gulf of Maine and exceeds many areas within the world.
{"title":"A Synopsis of Introduced and Native Seaweeds from 14 Open Coastal and Estuarine Sites within Southern Maine and New Hampshire, U.S.A.","authors":"A. Mathieson, C. Dawes","doi":"10.3119/19-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/19-09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Floristic studies of introduced and native seaweed populations from 14 open coastal and estuarine sites within southern Maine and New Hampshire were documented between 1965 and 2017. A total of 186 seaweed taxa were recorded, including 15 introduced (8.1%) and 171 native (91.9%) species. The highest species diversity (123 taxa) occurred at the open coastal Seapoint Beach site in Kittery, Maine, and an estuarine tidal rapid site at Dover Point, New Hampshire, with 106 taxa. The numbers of introduced species per site ranged from 2–11. The percent occurrence patterns for the 15 introduced seaweeds were highly variable, with Codium fragile subsp. fragile and Ulonema rhizophorum being restricted to single sites (7%), Melanothamnus harveyi occurring at 12 sites (86%), and Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and Dasysiphonia japonica at 13 sites (93%). The geographical origins and initial collection dates for the 15 introduced taxa were highly variable, with their initial collections ranging from 1848 (M. harveyi) to 2007 (D. japonica). Codium fragile subsp. fragile had the most protracted period between its initial occurrence at Orient Point, New York, in 1957 and in northern New England 40 years later (i.e., 1997). By contrast, several other introduced taxa had rapid geographic expansions within five years. The numbers and abundance of introduced species in the Gulf of Maine have increased dramatically between 1986 and 2017, with nine recorded in 1986 and 15 in 2017. Two native warm-water red algae (Agardhiella subulata and Gelidium crinale) showed sudden northward expansions during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Their presence may be associated with global warming, which is presently occurring at an alarming rate within the Gulf of Maine and exceeds many areas within the world.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48235889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.455
{"title":"Index to Volume 123 New Scientific Names are in Bold.","authors":"","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.454
{"title":"Reviewers of Manuscripts 2020–2021","authors":"","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.454","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48907886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Nichols, A. Pennucci, Evelyn Nathan, D. Cygan, Andrew M. Mauch
We describe the formal documentation of nine nonnative plant species naturalized in New Hampshire. Formal documentation here is defined as voucher specimens being collected and deposited in a publicly accessible herbarium, in this case, Hodgdon Herbarium (NHA) at the University of New Hampshire. Two of the nine species were known to the State’s Invasive Species Coordinator prior to 2021
{"title":"Formal documentation of nine nonnative plant species in New Hampshire","authors":"W. Nichols, A. Pennucci, Evelyn Nathan, D. Cygan, Andrew M. Mauch","doi":"10.3119/22-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/22-01","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the formal documentation of nine nonnative plant species naturalized in New Hampshire. Formal documentation here is defined as voucher specimens being collected and deposited in a publicly accessible herbarium, in this case, Hodgdon Herbarium (NHA) at the University of New Hampshire. Two of the nine species were known to the State’s Invasive Species Coordinator prior to 2021","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.995.365
Peter P. Grima, Emily T. Magleby, Matt Peters, Amanda K. Weise
{"title":"Les Mehrhoff Botanical Research Awards","authors":"Peter P. Grima, Emily T. Magleby, Matt Peters, Amanda K. Weise","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.995.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.995.365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42580849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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