Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-122.993.95
L. Standley
{"title":"André Michaux in North America, Journals and Letters, 1785–1797","authors":"L. Standley","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-122.993.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-122.993.95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44545762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Hough, Arthur V. Gilman, Colin J. Chapman-Lam
ABSTRACT A previously described but unnamed hybrid of Geum aleppicum and G. canadense is reported from central New York, Vermont, and southern Ontario. Wild plants were compared to a cultivated plant and all exhibited traits intermediate in characters between the parent species. Comparative analysis of floral characters showed little relationship to Geum virginianum, as previously proposed. The hybrid is also compared to two similar hybrids involving G. urbanum, with which it might be confused. The hybrid is described and named here as G. ×hainesianum, nothosp. nov. A key to Geum species and hybrids east of the Rocky Mountains is presented.
{"title":"Geum ×Hainesianum (Rosaceae), a New Hybrid Avens from Eastern North America","authors":"Michael Hough, Arthur V. Gilman, Colin J. Chapman-Lam","doi":"10.3119/21-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/21-06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A previously described but unnamed hybrid of Geum aleppicum and G. canadense is reported from central New York, Vermont, and southern Ontario. Wild plants were compared to a cultivated plant and all exhibited traits intermediate in characters between the parent species. Comparative analysis of floral characters showed little relationship to Geum virginianum, as previously proposed. The hybrid is also compared to two similar hybrids involving G. urbanum, with which it might be confused. The hybrid is described and named here as G. ×hainesianum, nothosp. nov. A key to Geum species and hybrids east of the Rocky Mountains is presented.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48929009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Persicaria extremiorientalis (Polygonaceae) New to Pennsylvania, U.S.A.","authors":"Allison W. Cusick","doi":"10.3119/20-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46764712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efforts in recent years to digitize herbarium collections (i.e., image, capture label data, and georeference) have allowed for easier access to plant specimen data, facilitating study of the dynamic nature of our world’s flora (Hedrick et al. 2020). In the United States, such studies are increasingly important in light of urbanization and associated habitat destruction, changes in land use, introduction of nonnative species, and climate change. Changes in the flora have economic as well as ecological effects, since habitat loss can affect water quality, wildlife populations, and other landscape attributes important in recreation and tourism (e.g., hiking, fishing). Documenting the flora provides an important tool for understanding historic trends, and those historic “snapshots” of the flora over time can be used in future projects such as habitat mitigation and species restoration. New, well-prepared herbarium specimens, along with thorough collection data, will be valuable additions in the future, providing modern records of distribution and phenology, as well as verifiable records of rare and nonnative species. Traditionally, herbarium specimens have been used in systematics research as well as studies of floristic diversity and biogeography. Specimen data have also been used in making historical comparisons related to ecological succession and human effects such as habitat destruction and climate change (Lang et al. 2018). Assessing changes in phenology, diversity, and distribution over time, tracking introduced and invasive species, and monitoring the decline of rare or sensitive species are common themes in studies making use of herbarium specimens today (Dolan et al. 2011; Everill et al. 2014; Loarie et al. 2008; Primack and Miller-Rushing 2012; Willis et al. 2017). More recently, herbaria have been used to track correlations among taxonomic groups, such as pollinator networks (Mathiasson and Rehan 2020) and mycorrhizal associations (Heberling and Burke 2019). As well, floristics is increasingly being merged into species distribution modeling as a way to use data to identify potential habitat and predict future distributions (Loarie et al. 2008; Wershow and DeChaine 2018), and into spatial phylogenetics, an evolutionary approach to the assessment of biodiversity and endemism (Mishler et al. 2020; Thornhill et al. 2016). Digitization advancements have also paved the way for new initiatives such as the Extended Specimen Network (Lendemer et al. 2020). This concept recognizes that herbarium specimens may be analyzed in multiple ways, creating a suite of interconnected
{"title":"Specimen Collection and Preparation for a Changing Flora","authors":"Janet R. Sullivan, Mare Nazaire","doi":"10.3119/20-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-32","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts in recent years to digitize herbarium collections (i.e., image, capture label data, and georeference) have allowed for easier access to plant specimen data, facilitating study of the dynamic nature of our world’s flora (Hedrick et al. 2020). In the United States, such studies are increasingly important in light of urbanization and associated habitat destruction, changes in land use, introduction of nonnative species, and climate change. Changes in the flora have economic as well as ecological effects, since habitat loss can affect water quality, wildlife populations, and other landscape attributes important in recreation and tourism (e.g., hiking, fishing). Documenting the flora provides an important tool for understanding historic trends, and those historic “snapshots” of the flora over time can be used in future projects such as habitat mitigation and species restoration. New, well-prepared herbarium specimens, along with thorough collection data, will be valuable additions in the future, providing modern records of distribution and phenology, as well as verifiable records of rare and nonnative species. Traditionally, herbarium specimens have been used in systematics research as well as studies of floristic diversity and biogeography. Specimen data have also been used in making historical comparisons related to ecological succession and human effects such as habitat destruction and climate change (Lang et al. 2018). Assessing changes in phenology, diversity, and distribution over time, tracking introduced and invasive species, and monitoring the decline of rare or sensitive species are common themes in studies making use of herbarium specimens today (Dolan et al. 2011; Everill et al. 2014; Loarie et al. 2008; Primack and Miller-Rushing 2012; Willis et al. 2017). More recently, herbaria have been used to track correlations among taxonomic groups, such as pollinator networks (Mathiasson and Rehan 2020) and mycorrhizal associations (Heberling and Burke 2019). As well, floristics is increasingly being merged into species distribution modeling as a way to use data to identify potential habitat and predict future distributions (Loarie et al. 2008; Wershow and DeChaine 2018), and into spatial phylogenetics, an evolutionary approach to the assessment of biodiversity and endemism (Mishler et al. 2020; Thornhill et al. 2016). Digitization advancements have also paved the way for new initiatives such as the Extended Specimen Network (Lendemer et al. 2020). This concept recognizes that herbarium specimens may be analyzed in multiple ways, creating a suite of interconnected","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44845118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Inula racemosa is reported as new to Canada, with occurrences in Ontario and Québec. It is also reported as new for several states in the United States. It was first reported for North America in 2020, based on a 2017 collection in Vermont. Earlier collections from Québec (2004) and Michigan (2014) were subsequently found, however. Its distinctive appearance led to the identification of additional records on the web page iNaturalist, the postings often initially misidentified as the common I. helenium. Almost two dozen North American occurrences are now known from Illinois, New Hampshire, New York, Ontario (the largest cluster of occurrences), Québec, Washington, and Wisconsin. Several of these populations contain hundreds to thousands of plants. All populations are considered to likely be of recent origin. At least some represent escapes from cultivation for medicinal or ornamental purposes. Inula racemosa may show a preference for calcareous substrate and river shore sites in the wild. It does not appear to have substantial potential to be invasive into native plant communities.
{"title":"Himalayan Elecampane, Inula racemosa (Asteraceae), in North America","authors":"D. Brunton, M. Oldham, Arthur V. Gilman","doi":"10.3119/20-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-33","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Inula racemosa is reported as new to Canada, with occurrences in Ontario and Québec. It is also reported as new for several states in the United States. It was first reported for North America in 2020, based on a 2017 collection in Vermont. Earlier collections from Québec (2004) and Michigan (2014) were subsequently found, however. Its distinctive appearance led to the identification of additional records on the web page iNaturalist, the postings often initially misidentified as the common I. helenium. Almost two dozen North American occurrences are now known from Illinois, New Hampshire, New York, Ontario (the largest cluster of occurrences), Québec, Washington, and Wisconsin. Several of these populations contain hundreds to thousands of plants. All populations are considered to likely be of recent origin. At least some represent escapes from cultivation for medicinal or ornamental purposes. Inula racemosa may show a preference for calcareous substrate and river shore sites in the wild. It does not appear to have substantial potential to be invasive into native plant communities.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46281448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-122.993.93
L. Standley
{"title":"Wildflowers of Maine Islands—the Downeast and Acadia Coasts","authors":"L. Standley","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-122.993.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-122.993.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44813951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inside Front Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/c9ay90047k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ay90047k","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1039/c9ay90047k","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45475040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geum fragarioides and Geum ternatum (Rosaceae) in New England","authors":"W. Nichols, Alice Schori, Amy Lamb, A. Haines","doi":"10.3119/20-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46334636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. This preliminary exploration of marine lichenized fungi (lichens) as bioindicators of water pollution examined the distribution of intertidal lichen communities in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area with respect to recorded pollution throughout the harbor. We found significant negative associations between pollution measurements and the health of the lichen community based on cover and species richness. We also observed significant differences in species composition between areas of higher pollution and areas of lower pollution, though not enough data are available to establish the pollution sensitivity or tolerance of individual species. We note that difficulties in the collection and identification of marine lichens hamper efforts to use them broadly as bioindicators. This study suggests that marine lichens could prove useful as bioindicators, but more research is needed to understand the differential effects of pollution on individual species as well as to establish practical procedures both for quantifying marine lichen community health and for widespread bioindication using marine lichens. Finally, one species collected during this study, Verrucaria ceuthocarpa, represents a first report for the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.
{"title":"Exploration of Marine Lichenized Fungi as Bioindicators of Coastal Ocean Pollution in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area","authors":"Liam F. Nokes, D. Haelewaters, D. Pfister","doi":"10.3119/20-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-10","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. This preliminary exploration of marine lichenized fungi (lichens) as bioindicators of water pollution examined the distribution of intertidal lichen communities in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area with respect to recorded pollution throughout the harbor. We found significant negative associations between pollution measurements and the health of the lichen community based on cover and species richness. We also observed significant differences in species composition between areas of higher pollution and areas of lower pollution, though not enough data are available to establish the pollution sensitivity or tolerance of individual species. We note that difficulties in the collection and identification of marine lichens hamper efforts to use them broadly as bioindicators. This study suggests that marine lichens could prove useful as bioindicators, but more research is needed to understand the differential effects of pollution on individual species as well as to establish practical procedures both for quantifying marine lichen community health and for widespread bioindication using marine lichens. Finally, one species collected during this study, Verrucaria ceuthocarpa, represents a first report for the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44114826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Crowley's Ridge is a low, narrow, eroded ridge that rises above the uniformly flat alluvial floodplain in the northeastern quadrat of Arkansas. The ridge is geologically unique because it consists largely of wind-blown soil (loess) deposited during the late Pleistocene. During June 2008, quantitative data on the composition and structure of all strata of forest vegetation were collected from ten 0.1 ha plots at two general localities on the southern portion of Crowley's Ridge. Acer saccharum (sugar maple) was the leading dominant in the large/ medium-sized tree stratum, followed by Quercus rubra (northern red oak), Q. velutina (black oak) and Q. stellata (post oak), all with importance value indices > 10. Other species present included Carya alba (mockernut hickory), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Fagus grandifolia (American beech), and Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip-tree). Except for post oak, these trees tend to be characteristic of the classic Mixed Mesophytic Forest Region of the southeastern United States. In six of the 10 plots, the combined importance values of species typically associated with mixed mesophytic forests represented 84% to 100% of the large/ medium-sized tree stratum. Twenty-three different species were recorded in this stratum, a level of diversity that is comparable to a mixed mesophytic forest. As such, the data presented herein indicate that at least some forests on Crowley's Ridge apparently represent the westernmost examples of this forest type.
{"title":"Crowley's Ridge—Mixed Mesophytic Forests in Northeastern Arkansas","authors":"H. Adams, A. W. Rollins, S. Stephenson","doi":"10.3119/20-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-20","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Crowley's Ridge is a low, narrow, eroded ridge that rises above the uniformly flat alluvial floodplain in the northeastern quadrat of Arkansas. The ridge is geologically unique because it consists largely of wind-blown soil (loess) deposited during the late Pleistocene. During June 2008, quantitative data on the composition and structure of all strata of forest vegetation were collected from ten 0.1 ha plots at two general localities on the southern portion of Crowley's Ridge. Acer saccharum (sugar maple) was the leading dominant in the large/ medium-sized tree stratum, followed by Quercus rubra (northern red oak), Q. velutina (black oak) and Q. stellata (post oak), all with importance value indices > 10. Other species present included Carya alba (mockernut hickory), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Fagus grandifolia (American beech), and Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip-tree). Except for post oak, these trees tend to be characteristic of the classic Mixed Mesophytic Forest Region of the southeastern United States. In six of the 10 plots, the combined importance values of species typically associated with mixed mesophytic forests represented 84% to 100% of the large/ medium-sized tree stratum. Twenty-three different species were recorded in this stratum, a level of diversity that is comparable to a mixed mesophytic forest. As such, the data presented herein indicate that at least some forests on Crowley's Ridge apparently represent the westernmost examples of this forest type.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44838430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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