Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (Droseraceae), the waterwheel plant, is a globally rare submerged aquatic carnivorous plant with extraordinarily fast-closing snap-traps and a highly specific suite of ecological requirements (Cross 2012). Plants are perennial, freefloating, and rootless, with linear, sparsely branched stems bearing whorls of 4–9 leaves terminated by bristles and a solitary, bi-lobed trap. The species is fast growing under optimal conditions and reproduction is predominantly clonal through the detachment of branches during favorable summer conditions (Adamec 1999). Plants overwinter by forming vegetative dormant turions at their apices in autumn. This stenotopic species usually grows in shallow, standing, dystrophic waters (Adamec 2018). The species is native to Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia yet, due to recent rapid habitat degradation and population decline, nearly 90% of its historic occurrences are extinct, leaving only 50 natural sites remaining worldwide (Cross 2012). This critically endangered plant, with its novel aquatic carnivorous habit, has long been venerated by carnivorous plant hobbyists. Consequently, plants have been propagated and successfully introduced into many waterbodies in countries where it is not native. Deliberate introductions (or so-called assisted migration/colonization events) have become a more recent conservation tool for Aldrovanda vesiculosa (Adamec 2005; Cross 2012). About 30 artificial sites are known in Europe, Asia, and North America. Introductions (from Japanese sources) into the eastern United States first established the species in Virginia, and then subsequently into New Jersey and New York (Lamont et al. 2013). We report here on an assisted colonization effort, via a known carnivorous plant hobbyist, that led to an established population of Aldrovanda vesiculosa var. vesiculosa in southern New Hampshire. This represents the first documented occurrence of the species in New England and is its most northern station in North America. Plants of Japanese origin were deposited by the aforementioned hobbyist into a waterbody in Pelham, New Hampshire, in ca. 2010 in the hopes of establishing another locality for this imperiled species. The initial visit to the New Hampshire site in July 2017 confirmed the population survived, but in summer 2018 plants were not located. Plants were again observed in 2019 (Matthew Charpentier, Oxbow Associates Inc., pers. comm.). Annual
水轮植物Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (Droseraceae)，水轮植物，是一种全球罕见的水下水生食肉植物，具有非常快速关闭的捕集器和高度特定的生态要求(Cross 2012)。植物多年生，自由漂浮，无根，线性，稀疏分枝的茎上有4-9叶的轮生，由刚毛终止，单生，双裂的陷。该物种在最佳条件下生长迅速，在有利的夏季条件下通过分支分离繁殖主要是无性系(Adamec 1999)。植物在秋季通过在其顶端形成营养休眠环来越冬。这种狭窄的物种通常生长在浅的、静止的、营养不良的水域(Adamec 2018)。该物种原产于欧洲、非洲、亚洲和澳大利亚，但由于最近栖息地的迅速退化和数量的减少，近90%的历史物种已经灭绝，世界范围内仅剩下50个自然地点(Cross 2012)。这种极度濒危的植物，以其新颖的水生食肉习性，长期以来一直受到食肉植物爱好者的尊敬。因此，植物已经繁殖并成功地引入了许多非原生国家的水体。有意引进(或所谓的辅助迁移/殖民化事件)已成为最近的保护工具，以保护水藻(Adamec 2005;跨越2012年)。在欧洲、亚洲和北美大约有30个已知的人工遗址。从日本引进到美国东部，首先在弗吉尼亚州建立了该物种，随后进入新泽西州和纽约州(Lamont et al. 2013)。我们在这里报告一个辅助的殖民化努力，通过一个已知的肉食性植物爱好者，导致了在新罕布什尔州南部建立了一个种群的vesiculosa var. vesiculosa。这是该物种在新英格兰首次有记录的出现，也是其在北美最北的站点。大约在2010年，上述的业余爱好者将日本的植物放入了新罕布什尔州佩勒姆的一个水体中，希望为这种濒危物种建立另一个地方。2017年7月对新罕布什尔州遗址的首次访问证实，该种群存活了下来，但在2018年夏季，没有找到植物。2019年再次观察到植物(Matthew Charpentier, Oxbow Associates Inc.， pers.)。通讯)。年度
{"title":"The Globally Rare Aldrovanda vesiculosa (Droseraceae) New to New Hampshire, U.S.A.","authors":"D. Padgett, Emmi Kurosawa, Michael P. Graziano","doi":"10.3119/22-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/22-22","url":null,"abstract":"Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (Droseraceae), the waterwheel plant, is a globally rare submerged aquatic carnivorous plant with extraordinarily fast-closing snap-traps and a highly specific suite of ecological requirements (Cross 2012). Plants are perennial, freefloating, and rootless, with linear, sparsely branched stems bearing whorls of 4–9 leaves terminated by bristles and a solitary, bi-lobed trap. The species is fast growing under optimal conditions and reproduction is predominantly clonal through the detachment of branches during favorable summer conditions (Adamec 1999). Plants overwinter by forming vegetative dormant turions at their apices in autumn. This stenotopic species usually grows in shallow, standing, dystrophic waters (Adamec 2018). The species is native to Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia yet, due to recent rapid habitat degradation and population decline, nearly 90% of its historic occurrences are extinct, leaving only 50 natural sites remaining worldwide (Cross 2012). This critically endangered plant, with its novel aquatic carnivorous habit, has long been venerated by carnivorous plant hobbyists. Consequently, plants have been propagated and successfully introduced into many waterbodies in countries where it is not native. Deliberate introductions (or so-called assisted migration/colonization events) have become a more recent conservation tool for Aldrovanda vesiculosa (Adamec 2005; Cross 2012). About 30 artificial sites are known in Europe, Asia, and North America. Introductions (from Japanese sources) into the eastern United States first established the species in Virginia, and then subsequently into New Jersey and New York (Lamont et al. 2013). We report here on an assisted colonization effort, via a known carnivorous plant hobbyist, that led to an established population of Aldrovanda vesiculosa var. vesiculosa in southern New Hampshire. This represents the first documented occurrence of the species in New England and is its most northern station in North America. Plants of Japanese origin were deposited by the aforementioned hobbyist into a waterbody in Pelham, New Hampshire, in ca. 2010 in the hopes of establishing another locality for this imperiled species. The initial visit to the New Hampshire site in July 2017 confirmed the population survived, but in summer 2018 plants were not located. Plants were again observed in 2019 (Matthew Charpentier, Oxbow Associates Inc., pers. comm.). Annual","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"124 1","pages":"103 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46035772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The recently named nothospecies Rosa ×fernaldiorum was incorrectly described as a hybrid between R. carolina and R. nitida. We show that the proper hybrid formula is R. nitida × R. palustris. The purported holotype was found to consist of three specimens mounted on two sheets; we here choose a lectotype from this material, correct the hybrid formula, provide a more complete description than in the original place of publication, and cite additional specimens.
{"title":"Lectotypification and an Emended Description of Rosa ×fernaldiorum","authors":"Arthur V. Gilman, A. Haines","doi":"10.3119/22-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/22-14","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The recently named nothospecies Rosa ×fernaldiorum was incorrectly described as a hybrid between R. carolina and R. nitida. We show that the proper hybrid formula is R. nitida × R. palustris. The purported holotype was found to consist of three specimens mounted on two sheets; we here choose a lectotype from this material, correct the hybrid formula, provide a more complete description than in the original place of publication, and cite additional specimens.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"124 1","pages":"91 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42268612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Despite the importance of fungi as symbionts and decomposers, studies on urban fungi are largely focused on pathogenic and economically harmful species. Urban fungal biodiversity is understudied and there are no published studies focusing on the diversity of Boletales in New York City. Many Boletales are known to form mycorrhizal associations, which are important to plant and ecosystem health. In this study, MyCoPortal, a public database of fungarium collections, was queried to generate a species list of all Boletales collected from New York City over the past 123 years. Overall, 89 species in 12 families of Boletales were found across the five boroughs of the city, though a number of species have not been re-collected in over a century. The species list illustrates the previously overlooked diversity of Boletales in New York City and can be used to direct future efforts to study these fungi in urban ecosystems.
{"title":"Boletes in the Bronx and Beyond: A Study of Boletales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi) Specimen Records of New York City","authors":"O. Asher, N. Davoodian","doi":"10.3119/20-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-27","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the importance of fungi as symbionts and decomposers, studies on urban fungi are largely focused on pathogenic and economically harmful species. Urban fungal biodiversity is understudied and there are no published studies focusing on the diversity of Boletales in New York City. Many Boletales are known to form mycorrhizal associations, which are important to plant and ecosystem health. In this study, MyCoPortal, a public database of fungarium collections, was queried to generate a species list of all Boletales collected from New York City over the past 123 years. Overall, 89 species in 12 families of Boletales were found across the five boroughs of the city, though a number of species have not been re-collected in over a century. The species list illustrates the previously overlooked diversity of Boletales in New York City and can be used to direct future efforts to study these fungi in urban ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"124 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43942038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Despite Connecticut's 350+ years of logging history, there remains an appreciable acreage of small, isolated stands of 200+-year-old forests, most of which are in their original state or nearly so. The three primary forest communities discussed here are classified by their dominant tree species: ridges with eastern red cedar, ravines with eastern hemlock, and acidic, boreal swamps with black gum. The old-growth eastern red cedars occur throughout the Metacomet traprock ridges, which run north to south along central Connecticut. The old-growth eastern hemlocks are found in remote, steep ravines mostly within the Litchfield Hills and Connecticut's northwest corner. Isolated acidic boreal black gum/red spruce swamps are concentrated in high-altitude, shallow basins in the Litchfield Hills and the Quiet Corner (Northeastern Connecticut).
{"title":"An Inventory of Connecticut's Primeval Forests","authors":"Jack Ruddat","doi":"10.3119/21-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/21-15","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite Connecticut's 350+ years of logging history, there remains an appreciable acreage of small, isolated stands of 200+-year-old forests, most of which are in their original state or nearly so. The three primary forest communities discussed here are classified by their dominant tree species: ridges with eastern red cedar, ravines with eastern hemlock, and acidic, boreal swamps with black gum. The old-growth eastern red cedars occur throughout the Metacomet traprock ridges, which run north to south along central Connecticut. The old-growth eastern hemlocks are found in remote, steep ravines mostly within the Litchfield Hills and Connecticut's northwest corner. Isolated acidic boreal black gum/red spruce swamps are concentrated in high-altitude, shallow basins in the Litchfield Hills and the Quiet Corner (Northeastern Connecticut).","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"124 1","pages":"17 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46011702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Carex waponahkikensis was first recognized and named C. scoparia var. tessellata in 1910 by Merritt Fernald and Karl Wiegand, based on collections from Washington County, Maine. This paper provides information on the syntypes and lectotype, a history of the treatment of this taxon in regional floras, a review of selected specimens, and updated information on geographical distribution.
{"title":"Botanical History and Geographical Distribution of Carex waponahkikensis (Cyperaceae)","authors":"Marilee Lovit","doi":"10.3119/22-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/22-08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Carex waponahkikensis was first recognized and named C. scoparia var. tessellata in 1910 by Merritt Fernald and Karl Wiegand, based on collections from Washington County, Maine. This paper provides information on the syntypes and lectotype, a history of the treatment of this taxon in regional floras, a review of selected specimens, and updated information on geographical distribution.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"124 1","pages":"71 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present note we describe the recent occurrence of the introduced Australasian red alga Antithamnion pectinatum (Montagne) Brauner from southern New Hampshire. The alga was initially collected during May 2018 from the Outer Sunken Rocks area of Hampton, New Hampshire (42°53.657′N, 70°47.177′W) by divers from Normandeau Associates, Inc. who were conducting destructive biomass studies of attached seaweeds at a depth of ca. 12.2 m (40 ft). The location represents one of their long-term study sites (Station B19) utilized during environmental monitoring of the Seabrook Power Station and the contiguous Hampton-Seabrook area (Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2007). The station also represents a study site (i.e., HB4) previously evaluated by Mathieson and Fralick (1972) in their detailed floristic studies of algal vegetation of the Hampton-Seabrook Estuary and the open coast of Hampton, New Hampshire, where the alga was not previously found. Recently (2020), Normandeau divers also found A. pectinatum at two other Hampton-Seabrook study sites (i.e., B31 and B35) during multiple sampling periods.
{"title":"Occurrence of the Introduced Red Alga Antithamnion pectinatum (Ceramiaceae) in New Hampshire, U.S.A.","authors":"A. Mathieson, Kimberly W. Payne","doi":"10.3119/22-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/22-05","url":null,"abstract":"In the present note we describe the recent occurrence of the introduced Australasian red alga Antithamnion pectinatum (Montagne) Brauner from southern New Hampshire. The alga was initially collected during May 2018 from the Outer Sunken Rocks area of Hampton, New Hampshire (42°53.657′N, 70°47.177′W) by divers from Normandeau Associates, Inc. who were conducting destructive biomass studies of attached seaweeds at a depth of ca. 12.2 m (40 ft). The location represents one of their long-term study sites (Station B19) utilized during environmental monitoring of the Seabrook Power Station and the contiguous Hampton-Seabrook area (Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2007). The station also represents a study site (i.e., HB4) previously evaluated by Mathieson and Fralick (1972) in their detailed floristic studies of algal vegetation of the Hampton-Seabrook Estuary and the open coast of Hampton, New Hampshire, where the alga was not previously found. Recently (2020), Normandeau divers also found A. pectinatum at two other Hampton-Seabrook study sites (i.e., B31 and B35) during multiple sampling periods.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"124 1","pages":"98 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48357888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.444
Karen Hirschberg
The New England Botanical Club convened its 1153rd meeting virtually on Saturday, October 2, 2021. Treasurer Robert Wernerehl introduced the speaker, Dr. Christopher Neill, Senior Scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, whose presentation was titled “Plant Responses and Ecosystem Resilience Following Restoration of Former Cranberry Bogs.” Dr. Neill is interested in the use of ecosystem restoration to combat climate change. The restoration of cranberry bogs is a shining example of what we can accomplish by managing natural spaces for carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services, and for biodiversity. Cranberries are a global commodity. Massachusetts was the leading producer of cranberries until the 1990s when Wisconsin expanded its production using modern, high-yield varieties grown in massive commercial facilities. In Massachusetts traditional cranberry production uses natural bogs that are flooded from rivers and streams (flow-through bogs) and other natural wetlands planted with older varieties of cranberries. These traditional bogs are less productive and harder to manage than the modern facilities, thus less competitive. The Massachusetts cranberry industry is transitioning to production in more efficient man-made upland bogs to increase efficiency and productivity, providing opportunities for restoration of some traditional bogs as they are retired. Dr. Neill and collaborators mapped out the types and status of Massachusetts cranberry bogs in eastern Massachusetts and found that 20% are traditional flow-through bogs, 35% are traditional wetland bogs, and 45% are upland or newly renovated for modern production methods. The flow-through bogs and some of the traditional wetland bogs will not be renovated and will go to restoration. Based on their analysis, several thousand acres of cranberry bogs could be retired within a decade, so have a high potential for future restoration. Dr. Neill and his collaborators are documenting differences between passive and active restoration of cranberry bogs at six bog restoration sites. Passive restoration— cessation of farming activities and reliance on natural restoration processes—was compared with active restoration projects where actions were taken to restore soil and hydrologic conditions to meet ecosystem and biodiversity goals. They established 3 × 3 m quadrats, identifying all plants and noting life form, native vs. non-native and wetland indicator status. Retired bogs that were left to restore passively were dominated by native species, initially forbs and graminoids (e.g., switchgrass, woolgrass), then vines, shrubs, and trees (pitch pine, red maple) increased over time and canopy closure occurred after about 20 years. Cranberries gradually die out as taller cover increases. The vegetative community becomes dominated by facultative species, generalists that grow equally well in wetland or upland. Ecosystem services provided in these bogs over time include
{"title":"NEBC Meeting News","authors":"Karen Hirschberg","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.444","url":null,"abstract":"The New England Botanical Club convened its 1153rd meeting virtually on Saturday, October 2, 2021. Treasurer Robert Wernerehl introduced the speaker, Dr. Christopher Neill, Senior Scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, whose presentation was titled “Plant Responses and Ecosystem Resilience Following Restoration of Former Cranberry Bogs.” Dr. Neill is interested in the use of ecosystem restoration to combat climate change. The restoration of cranberry bogs is a shining example of what we can accomplish by managing natural spaces for carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services, and for biodiversity. Cranberries are a global commodity. Massachusetts was the leading producer of cranberries until the 1990s when Wisconsin expanded its production using modern, high-yield varieties grown in massive commercial facilities. In Massachusetts traditional cranberry production uses natural bogs that are flooded from rivers and streams (flow-through bogs) and other natural wetlands planted with older varieties of cranberries. These traditional bogs are less productive and harder to manage than the modern facilities, thus less competitive. The Massachusetts cranberry industry is transitioning to production in more efficient man-made upland bogs to increase efficiency and productivity, providing opportunities for restoration of some traditional bogs as they are retired. Dr. Neill and collaborators mapped out the types and status of Massachusetts cranberry bogs in eastern Massachusetts and found that 20% are traditional flow-through bogs, 35% are traditional wetland bogs, and 45% are upland or newly renovated for modern production methods. The flow-through bogs and some of the traditional wetland bogs will not be renovated and will go to restoration. Based on their analysis, several thousand acres of cranberry bogs could be retired within a decade, so have a high potential for future restoration. Dr. Neill and his collaborators are documenting differences between passive and active restoration of cranberry bogs at six bog restoration sites. Passive restoration— cessation of farming activities and reliance on natural restoration processes—was compared with active restoration projects where actions were taken to restore soil and hydrologic conditions to meet ecosystem and biodiversity goals. They established 3 × 3 m quadrats, identifying all plants and noting life form, native vs. non-native and wetland indicator status. Retired bogs that were left to restore passively were dominated by native species, initially forbs and graminoids (e.g., switchgrass, woolgrass), then vines, shrubs, and trees (pitch pine, red maple) increased over time and canopy closure occurred after about 20 years. Cranberries gradually die out as taller cover increases. The vegetative community becomes dominated by facultative species, generalists that grow equally well in wetland or upland. Ecosystem services provided in these bogs over time include ","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"444 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.449
{"title":"Bylaws of the New England Botanical Society, Incorporated","authors":"","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-123.996.449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"449 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46733210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Coastal erosion at Stonewall Beach on the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A., has exposed a thick layer of peaty sediments rich in botanical remains, including well-preserved tree trunks. We identified the species of the tree trunks based on wood anatomy, analyzed pollen and macrofossils in the sediments, and determined the ages of the tree trunks and peat with 14C dating. The tree trunks were identified as Pinus strobus (white pine), and pollen assemblages featured high percentages of P. strobus in sediments associated with the trunks. The tree trunks and peat dated to ∼10,700–9800 calibrated 14C years before present. These findings confirm that Martha's Vineyard, like other parts of southern New England, was dominated by P. strobus forest during the early Holocene. At that time, regional climate was drier than today and Martha's Vineyard was not yet isolated from the mainland by postglacial sea-level rise.
{"title":"A 10,000-Year-Old White Pine Forest Emerges at Stonewall Beach, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A.","authors":"W. Wyatt Oswald, D. Foster, B. Goodell, B. Shuman","doi":"10.3119/21-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/21-17","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coastal erosion at Stonewall Beach on the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A., has exposed a thick layer of peaty sediments rich in botanical remains, including well-preserved tree trunks. We identified the species of the tree trunks based on wood anatomy, analyzed pollen and macrofossils in the sediments, and determined the ages of the tree trunks and peat with 14C dating. The tree trunks were identified as Pinus strobus (white pine), and pollen assemblages featured high percentages of P. strobus in sediments associated with the trunks. The tree trunks and peat dated to ∼10,700–9800 calibrated 14C years before present. These findings confirm that Martha's Vineyard, like other parts of southern New England, was dominated by P. strobus forest during the early Holocene. At that time, regional climate was drier than today and Martha's Vineyard was not yet isolated from the mainland by postglacial sea-level rise.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"424 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48788555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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