Pub Date : 2023-11-11DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.supl.02
Rosa Razz, Larry Leon-Medina
The activities developed by human society cause transformations on the Earth's surface and have the capacity to affect the functioning of the planet. One of the main effects has been climate change, which affects the entirety of the planet, its ecosystems, and society. The objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographic review through the compilation of scientific articles, book chapters, and reviews from reliable documentary sources. The review focused on the factors that influence climate change and its consequences. Additionally, this work presents an alternative: the implementation and use of agroforestry systems to mitigate climate change. This is not only because of their potential to capture and store carbon but also to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere through the growth of trees and shrubs. Agroforestry systems also have significant implications for sustainable development due to the social, economic, and environmental benefits they provide.
{"title":"Agroforestry and its vital role in climate change mitigation in the tropics","authors":"Rosa Razz, Larry Leon-Medina","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.supl.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.supl.02","url":null,"abstract":"The activities developed by human society cause transformations on the Earth's surface and have the capacity to affect the functioning of the planet. One of the main effects has been climate change, which affects the entirety of the planet, its ecosystems, and society. The objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographic review through the compilation of scientific articles, book chapters, and reviews from reliable documentary sources. The review focused on the factors that influence climate change and its consequences. Additionally, this work presents an alternative: the implementation and use of agroforestry systems to mitigate climate change. This is not only because of their potential to capture and store carbon but also to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere through the growth of trees and shrubs. Agroforestry systems also have significant implications for sustainable development due to the social, economic, and environmental benefits they provide.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n4.03
Nelson Loyola, Sergio Lagos, Carlos Acuña, Mariela Arriola
The production of vinegar from the fermentation of cherry (Prunus cerasus) discard was experimentally evaluated. Four treatments were used: filtered vinegar, unfiltered vinegar, pasteurized vinegar and vinegar with metabisulfite. The physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics and their acceptability were determined through a completely randomized experimental design with three (3) repetitions per treatment. The data were analyzed according to an analysis of variance, with a 95% confidence level to determine possible significant differences between the treatments. The parameters were measured; soluble solids, density, pH, sodium chloride and acidity. Also, a sensory analysis of the attributes was carried out; color, aroma, texture and flavor, with 33 trained panelists, in order to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics and acceptance of each of the samples. The cherry vinegar prepared and evaluated after 5, 20 and 35 days did not show significant differences in its physicochemical characteristics. The panelists perceived more differences in sensory attributes when the vinegar was pasteurized according to the treatment (T2). The panelists did not vary their perception of the acceptability of vinegar, regardless of the treatment applied. Key Words: substitute, fermentation, acetic acidity.
{"title":"Vinegar elaboration from cherry fruit discard (Prunus cerasus L.)","authors":"Nelson Loyola, Sergio Lagos, Carlos Acuña, Mariela Arriola","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n4.03","url":null,"abstract":"The production of vinegar from the fermentation of cherry (Prunus cerasus) discard was experimentally evaluated. Four treatments were used: filtered vinegar, unfiltered vinegar, pasteurized vinegar and vinegar with metabisulfite. The physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics and their acceptability were determined through a completely randomized experimental design with three (3) repetitions per treatment. The data were analyzed according to an analysis of variance, with a 95% confidence level to determine possible significant differences between the treatments. The parameters were measured; soluble solids, density, pH, sodium chloride and acidity. Also, a sensory analysis of the attributes was carried out; color, aroma, texture and flavor, with 33 trained panelists, in order to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics and acceptance of each of the samples. The cherry vinegar prepared and evaluated after 5, 20 and 35 days did not show significant differences in its physicochemical characteristics. The panelists perceived more differences in sensory attributes when the vinegar was pasteurized according to the treatment (T2). The panelists did not vary their perception of the acceptability of vinegar, regardless of the treatment applied. Key Words: substitute, fermentation, acetic acidity.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.supl.01
Fatima Urdaneta
Sustainability has been recognized as a fundamental principle of development so that humanity can survive on this planet. However, there are still difficulties in translating its philosophical principles into the ability to make concrete decisions for its consolidation. Three factors that determine growth on planet earth, directly related to agricultural systems, have been identified: agricultural production, management of natural resources, and pollution. Therefore, sustainable agriculture must consider them both for the management of plant and animal populations, since both modify the environment to adapt it to their requirements, thus regenerative practices arise to recover the ability of ecosystems to restore themselves. In that sense, it is intended in this review to elucidate how the concepts and principles exposed are translated into a regenerative or a sustainable livestock. To achieve sustainability, it is necessary and essential, an integral management of processes with a holistic vision of the system by farmers and technicians, leading human talents willing to learn different and new technologies, and motivated trained personnel in sustainable techniques that incorporate agroecological and regenerative practices, all on the basis of financial planning. Regenerative livestock per se as an emerging paradigm is very promising, but still requires local research. It is concluded that there is no single model of sustainable livestock, there are no recipes or technological packages, it is governed by the principles that aim at the balance of its dimensions (social, economic, environmental and institutional political governance).
{"title":"Regenerative livestock or sustainable livestock?","authors":"Fatima Urdaneta","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.supl.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.supl.01","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability has been recognized as a fundamental principle of development so that humanity can survive on this planet. However, there are still difficulties in translating its philosophical principles into the ability to make concrete decisions for its consolidation. Three factors that determine growth on planet earth, directly related to agricultural systems, have been identified: agricultural production, management of natural resources, and pollution. Therefore, sustainable agriculture must consider them both for the management of plant and animal populations, since both modify the environment to adapt it to their requirements, thus regenerative practices arise to recover the ability of ecosystems to restore themselves. In that sense, it is intended in this review to elucidate how the concepts and principles exposed are translated into a regenerative or a sustainable livestock. To achieve sustainability, it is necessary and essential, an integral management of processes with a holistic vision of the system by farmers and technicians, leading human talents willing to learn different and new technologies, and motivated trained personnel in sustainable techniques that incorporate agroecological and regenerative practices, all on the basis of financial planning. Regenerative livestock per se as an emerging paradigm is very promising, but still requires local research. It is concluded that there is no single model of sustainable livestock, there are no recipes or technological packages, it is governed by the principles that aim at the balance of its dimensions (social, economic, environmental and institutional political governance).","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n4.02
Jhimy Parco, Agustina Valverde-Rodriguez, Antonio Cornejo, Henry Briceño, Laura Barrionuevo, Javier Romero
In the germplasm bank of 22 varieties of avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) belonging to the Fruit Horticultural Institute Investigation, HermilioValdizan National University (UNHEVAL)-Peru, it is common to observe a high population of the species Oligonychusyothersi, a phytophagous mite harmful to the crop. Controls with commercial acaricides are restricted in place, due to the presence of beehives installed in adjacent plots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four commercial formulations containing strains of Metarhiziumanisopliae and Beauveria bassiana and the toxins of Bacillussubtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki (Btk) for the control of O. yothersi. The entomopathogenic products were evaluated in the field applying a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replicates. In the laboratory, 500 adult mites were selected, placing 100 mites per Petri dish with three repetitions per treatment. It was found that the formulation Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki under field conditions reduced the population incidence of mites by up to 98.07% in 49 days. In the laboratory, the B. subtilis and M. anisopliae formulations caused 100% mortality six days after application proving to be efficient control alternatives.
在秘鲁HermilioValdizan国立大学(UNHEVAL)水果园艺研究所调查的22个鳄梨(Persea Americana Mill.)种质资源库中，经常观察到对作物有害的植食性螨Oligonychusyothersi物种的高种群。由于邻近地块上安装了蜂箱，商用杀螨剂的控制受到限制。本研究的目的是评价4种含僵菌绿僵菌和球孢白僵菌菌株以及枯草芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌变种库尔斯塔克(Btk)毒素的商业制剂对青霉病的防治效果。采用随机完全区组设计，5个处理，3个重复，实地评价昆虫病原性产物。在实验室中，选择500只成虫，每个培养皿放置100只成虫，每次处理重复三次。结果表明，在田间条件下，苏云金芽孢杆菌kurstaki变种制剂在49 d内可使螨的种群发病率降低98.07%。在实验室中，枯草芽孢杆菌和绿僵菌制剂在施用后6天的死亡率为100%，证明是有效的防治方案。
{"title":"Efficiency of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi on Oligonychus yothersi in vitro and on Persea americana Mill. plants","authors":"Jhimy Parco, Agustina Valverde-Rodriguez, Antonio Cornejo, Henry Briceño, Laura Barrionuevo, Javier Romero","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n4.02","url":null,"abstract":"In the germplasm bank of 22 varieties of avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) belonging to the Fruit Horticultural Institute Investigation, HermilioValdizan National University (UNHEVAL)-Peru, it is common to observe a high population of the species Oligonychusyothersi, a phytophagous mite harmful to the crop. Controls with commercial acaricides are restricted in place, due to the presence of beehives installed in adjacent plots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four commercial formulations containing strains of Metarhiziumanisopliae and Beauveria bassiana and the toxins of Bacillussubtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki (Btk) for the control of O. yothersi. The entomopathogenic products were evaluated in the field applying a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replicates. In the laboratory, 500 adult mites were selected, placing 100 mites per Petri dish with three repetitions per treatment. It was found that the formulation Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki under field conditions reduced the population incidence of mites by up to 98.07% in 49 days. In the laboratory, the B. subtilis and M. anisopliae formulations caused 100% mortality six days after application proving to be efficient control alternatives.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n4.01
Jorge Vilchez-Perozo, Nilca Albany, Fernando Pliego, Carolina Sánchez
Somatic embryogenesis is an alternative for the accelerated propagation of promising guava (Psidium guajava L.) materials of agronomic interest. However, low maturation and germination rates of somatic embryos are some of the aspects that limit its application in breeding programs for different purposes. In this sense, the effect of three concentrations (0, 1 and 1.5 mg.L-1) of abscisic acid (ABA) on embryo maturation and two concentrations of sucrose (3 and 5 %) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) macronutrients (50 and 100 %) on the germination of somatic embryos of guava var. Cuban Red Dwarf EEA-1840 were studied. After six weeks of culture, ABA had a negative effect on somatic embryo maturation in culture media supplemented with 1 or 1.5 mg.L-1, whereas 3.95 to 5.49 times more mature embryos were observed in the absence of ABA. Germination of somatic embryos was significantly improved when the concentration of macronutrient in the culture medium was reduced independently of the sucrose concentration [MS 50 % + 3 % of sucrose (73,3 %) and MS 50 % + 5 % de sucrose (55,0 %)]. It is concluded that the simplification of the culture media with reduction of the macroelements MS and sucrose to standard concentration favors the germination of mature embryos of guava var. Cuban Red Dwarf EEA-1840.
{"title":"Maturation and germination of somatic embryos of guava var. Cuban Red Dwarf EEA-1840","authors":"Jorge Vilchez-Perozo, Nilca Albany, Fernando Pliego, Carolina Sánchez","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Somatic embryogenesis is an alternative for the accelerated propagation of promising guava (Psidium guajava L.) materials of agronomic interest. However, low maturation and germination rates of somatic embryos are some of the aspects that limit its application in breeding programs for different purposes. In this sense, the effect of three concentrations (0, 1 and 1.5 mg.L-1) of abscisic acid (ABA) on embryo maturation and two concentrations of sucrose (3 and 5 %) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) macronutrients (50 and 100 %) on the germination of somatic embryos of guava var. Cuban Red Dwarf EEA-1840 were studied. After six weeks of culture, ABA had a negative effect on somatic embryo maturation in culture media supplemented with 1 or 1.5 mg.L-1, whereas 3.95 to 5.49 times more mature embryos were observed in the absence of ABA. Germination of somatic embryos was significantly improved when the concentration of macronutrient in the culture medium was reduced independently of the sucrose concentration [MS 50 % + 3 % of sucrose (73,3 %) and MS 50 % + 5 % de sucrose (55,0 %)]. It is concluded that the simplification of the culture media with reduction of the macroelements MS and sucrose to standard concentration favors the germination of mature embryos of guava var. Cuban Red Dwarf EEA-1840.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.09
Cristina Maldonado, Walter Reyes, Luis Duicela, Fernando Cobos
The crosses between Oryza sativa L. and O. rufipogon Griff., create a high genetic diversity to develop rice varieties with high yield and phenotypic stability. In the present investigation, forty advanced lines of rice were evaluated in subsidiaries F5 (dry season) and F6 (rainy season), together with three commercial controls in the town of Babahoyo, Ecuador. A Randomized Complete Block Design (DBCA) was applied with three repetitions, recording morphoagronomic and productive characters. Statistical analyzes were applied and phenotypic stability was determined using the Eberhart and Russell, AMMI, Lin and Binns, PROMVAR models. The average morphoagronomic results were: days to flowering (72), vegetative cycle (98 days), plant height (111 cm), panicle sterility (6 %); the productive variables the results were: tillers per plant (32), panicles per plant (31), panicle length (27 cm), grains per panicle (168) and yield (8,100 kg.ha-1). The stable lines identified by the models: Eberhart and Russell were 1, 2, 10, 11, 13, 18, 25, 26, 30 and 37; AMMI identified lines 8 and 22; Lin and Binns to lines 2, 12, 18, 27, 37 and 40; and PROMOTE lines 2, 10, 13, 18, 25, 30, 38, 40 and 43; concluding that seven lines (2, 10, 13, 18, 25, 30 and 40) coincided with the applied models except AMMI. The average yield of the lines mentioned in the two seasons was 7,797 kg.ha-1, higher than the average of the commercial controls that obtained 6,809 kg.ha-1.
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)与O. rufipogon Griff杂交。创造高遗传多样性，培育高产、表型稳定的水稻品种。在本次调查中，在厄瓜多尔Babahoyo镇的子公司F5(旱季)和F6(雨季)以及三个商业对照中对40个高级水稻品系进行了评估。采用随机完全区组设计(DBCA)， 3次重复，记录形态农艺性状和生产性状。采用Eberhart and Russell、AMMI、Lin and Binns、PROMVAR模型进行统计分析和表型稳定性测定。平均形态农艺结果为:开花天数(72)，营养周期(98)，株高(111 cm)，穗不育率(6%);生产变量为:单株分蘖数32个，单株穗数31个，穗长27 cm，每穗粒数168粒，产量8100 kg.ha-1。Eberhart和Russell分别为1、2、10、11、13、18、25、26、30和37;AMMI识别出第8行和22行;林和宾斯到第2、12、18、27、37和40行;2、10、13、18、25、30、38、40、43号线;结论是，除AMMI外，有7条线(2、10、13、18、25、30和40)与应用模型吻合。这两个季节的平均产量为7797公斤。Ha-1，高于商业对照的平均水平(6809 kg.ha-1)。
{"title":"Phenotypic stability of forty advanced lines of rice at Babahoyo, Ecuador","authors":"Cristina Maldonado, Walter Reyes, Luis Duicela, Fernando Cobos","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.09","url":null,"abstract":"The crosses between Oryza sativa L. and O. rufipogon Griff., create a high genetic diversity to develop rice varieties with high yield and phenotypic stability. In the present investigation, forty advanced lines of rice were evaluated in subsidiaries F5 (dry season) and F6 (rainy season), together with three commercial controls in the town of Babahoyo, Ecuador. A Randomized Complete Block Design (DBCA) was applied with three repetitions, recording morphoagronomic and productive characters. Statistical analyzes were applied and phenotypic stability was determined using the Eberhart and Russell, AMMI, Lin and Binns, PROMVAR models. The average morphoagronomic results were: days to flowering (72), vegetative cycle (98 days), plant height (111 cm), panicle sterility (6 %); the productive variables the results were: tillers per plant (32), panicles per plant (31), panicle length (27 cm), grains per panicle (168) and yield (8,100 kg.ha-1). The stable lines identified by the models: Eberhart and Russell were 1, 2, 10, 11, 13, 18, 25, 26, 30 and 37; AMMI identified lines 8 and 22; Lin and Binns to lines 2, 12, 18, 27, 37 and 40; and PROMOTE lines 2, 10, 13, 18, 25, 30, 38, 40 and 43; concluding that seven lines (2, 10, 13, 18, 25, 30 and 40) coincided with the applied models except AMMI. The average yield of the lines mentioned in the two seasons was 7,797 kg.ha-1, higher than the average of the commercial controls that obtained 6,809 kg.ha-1.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136264458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.08
Blanca Sánchez-Toledano, Raquel Cruz, Lizbeth Salgado-Beltran, Jose Espinoza
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals that can be used for food processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of cookies made from bean flour by consumers in Zacatecas, Mexico, for which four formulations of cookies with different combinations of bean flour were prepared. The information was obtained from a sample of 398 consumers over 18 years of age in Zacatecas, Mexico, and was analyzed by multidimensional scaling. In general, the quality attributes relevant to consumers were size, aroma, sweetness, texture, color, consistency, and flavor. Cookie number 873 obtained higher consumer acceptance and its ingredients were 90 % bean flour, 10 % whole wheat flour and walnut. Therefore, the results of this research showed that cookies made from bean flour could be a feasible alternative that allows providing more nutritious food to the Mexican population.
{"title":"Evaluation of cookies made with bean flour","authors":"Blanca Sánchez-Toledano, Raquel Cruz, Lizbeth Salgado-Beltran, Jose Espinoza","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals that can be used for food processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of cookies made from bean flour by consumers in Zacatecas, Mexico, for which four formulations of cookies with different combinations of bean flour were prepared. The information was obtained from a sample of 398 consumers over 18 years of age in Zacatecas, Mexico, and was analyzed by multidimensional scaling. In general, the quality attributes relevant to consumers were size, aroma, sweetness, texture, color, consistency, and flavor. Cookie number 873 obtained higher consumer acceptance and its ingredients were 90 % bean flour, 10 % whole wheat flour and walnut. Therefore, the results of this research showed that cookies made from bean flour could be a feasible alternative that allows providing more nutritious food to the Mexican population.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136107329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.07
J. Quiroz, Cristian Lizarazo, Jesús García, J. Torres, Israel García, Jose Hernández
Berry fruits are a rich source of phytonutrients, especially phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, which have antioxidant properties. Among these fruits, the most cultivated and consumed are those of the genus Fragaria (Strawberries) and Rubus (Raspberries, blackberries, dewberries), which have been widely studied for their beneficial effects on human and animal health. One of the most important bioactive compounds of these fruits are anthocyanins, which have shown potential benefits for health by their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Therefore, the study of anthocyanins is of great pharmaceutical and nutraceutical interest. The objective of this research is to analyze the biokinetic mechanisms of anthocyanins in Rubus adenotrichos and Fragaria x ananassa produced in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. For this purpose, research strategies that included the extraction and quantification of anthocyanins, as well as bioinformatic tools to understand their biosynthetic pathway in the mentioned fruits were used. The use of informatic platforms allowed to identify the regulatory genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in R. adenotrichos and F. x ananassa, finding that most are common, with some specific differences, and that there are only a few exceptions, such as the enzymes catechol-O-methyltransferase (OMT), UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) and beta-glucuronidase (GUSB), which only occur in Rubus adenotrichos and not in Fragaria x ananassa.
浆果是植物营养素的丰富来源，尤其是类黄酮等酚类化合物，具有抗氧化特性。在这些水果中，种植和消费最多的是Fragaria属(草莓)和Rubus属(覆盆子、黑莓、露莓)，它们对人类和动物健康的有益影响已被广泛研究。这些水果中最重要的生物活性化合物之一是花青素，它具有抗菌、抗炎和抗癌活性，对健康有潜在的好处。因此，花青素的研究具有重要的医药和营养价值。本研究的目的是分析产自墨西哥Michoacán州的腺毛楸(Rubus adenotrichos)和花青素(Fragaria x ananassa)的生物动力学机制。为此，研究策略包括花青素的提取和定量，以及生物信息学工具来了解其在上述水果中的生物合成途径。利用信息学平台鉴定了参与腺毛藓和黄花楸中花青素生物合成的调控基因和酶，发现大多数基因和酶是共同的，有一些特定的差异，只有少数例外，如儿茶酚- o -甲基转移酶(OMT)、udp -葡萄糖基转移酶(UGT)和β -葡萄糖醛酸酶(GUSB)酶，这些酶只出现在腺毛藓中，而不出现在黄花楸中。
{"title":"Biokinetic mechnisms of anthocyanins in red fruits produced in the state of Michoacan, Mexico","authors":"J. Quiroz, Cristian Lizarazo, Jesús García, J. Torres, Israel García, Jose Hernández","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Berry fruits are a rich source of phytonutrients, especially phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, which have antioxidant properties. Among these fruits, the most cultivated and consumed are those of the genus Fragaria (Strawberries) and Rubus (Raspberries, blackberries, dewberries), which have been widely studied for their beneficial effects on human and animal health. One of the most important bioactive compounds of these fruits are anthocyanins, which have shown potential benefits for health by their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Therefore, the study of anthocyanins is of great pharmaceutical and nutraceutical interest. The objective of this research is to analyze the biokinetic mechanisms of anthocyanins in Rubus adenotrichos and Fragaria x ananassa produced in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. For this purpose, research strategies that included the extraction and quantification of anthocyanins, as well as bioinformatic tools to understand their biosynthetic pathway in the mentioned fruits were used. The use of informatic platforms allowed to identify the regulatory genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in R. adenotrichos and F. x ananassa, finding that most are common, with some specific differences, and that there are only a few exceptions, such as the enzymes catechol-O-methyltransferase (OMT), UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) and beta-glucuronidase (GUSB), which only occur in Rubus adenotrichos and not in Fragaria x ananassa.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90773854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En la Cuenca del Salado existe un proceso de intensificación productiva en agricultura y ganadería basado en el alto uso de insumos. Este proceso es más acentuado en productores de tipo empresarial, aunque cuenta con influencia en los productores familiares, los cuales desarrollan tecnologías tradicionales en combinación con las modernas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la sustentabilidad en sistemas productivos de tipo familiar y empresarial, a partir de indicadores desarrollados para tal fin. Se analizaron seis unidades productivas como estudios de caso, cuatro de ellas correspondientes a productores de tipo familiar y dos a productores empresariales en los que se utilizaron los indicadores previamente construidos. Se concluyó que los sistemas productivos familiares son más sustentables que los empresariales, con diferencias sustanciales en la dimensión ecológica. Esto se asocia a diferentes estilos de manejo, prácticas de bajos insumos y bajo riesgo, basado en ganadería sobre pastizales naturales que desarrollan los productores familiares. En cambio, los productores de tipo empresarial realizan una aplicación más estandarizada del paquete tecnológico del modelo agroindustrial, similar a los utilizados en otras zonas de la región pampeana, con objetivos de alta productividad y consecuencias negativas en la sustentabilidad de los predios.
{"title":"Evaluación de la sustentabilidad en sistemas productivos familiares y empresariales de la Cuenca del Salado","authors":"Ramon Cieza, S. Sarandón","doi":"10.24215/16699513e121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24215/16699513e121","url":null,"abstract":"En la Cuenca del Salado existe un proceso de intensificación productiva en agricultura y ganadería basado en el alto uso de insumos. Este proceso es más acentuado en productores de tipo empresarial, aunque cuenta con influencia en los productores familiares, los cuales desarrollan tecnologías tradicionales en combinación con las modernas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la sustentabilidad en sistemas productivos de tipo familiar y empresarial, a partir de indicadores desarrollados para tal fin. Se analizaron seis unidades productivas como estudios de caso, cuatro de ellas correspondientes a productores de tipo familiar y dos a productores empresariales en los que se utilizaron los indicadores previamente construidos. Se concluyó que los sistemas productivos familiares son más sustentables que los empresariales, con diferencias sustanciales en la dimensión ecológica. Esto se asocia a diferentes estilos de manejo, prácticas de bajos insumos y bajo riesgo, basado en ganadería sobre pastizales naturales que desarrollan los productores familiares. En cambio, los productores de tipo empresarial realizan una aplicación más estandarizada del paquete tecnológico del modelo agroindustrial, similar a los utilizados en otras zonas de la región pampeana, con objetivos de alta productividad y consecuencias negativas en la sustentabilidad de los predios.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44429561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.06
J. Reyes-Pérez, B. Murillo-Amador, Ramon Macias, Moisés Menacé, Eréndira Aragón, A. Palacios-Espinosa
Biostimulants improve the absorption and assimilation of nutrients by plants, making them more tolerant to biotic or abiotic stress, improving their agronomic characteristics. Natural and biodegradable biostimulants such as chitosan have fungal and bactericidal activities and promote growth and crop yield, this is why, to evaluate the effect of chitosan application on growth and productive parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), three concentrations of chitosan (T1 = 500 mg.L-1; T2 = 1000 mg.L-1; and T3 = 2000 mg.L-1) and a control treatment (T4 = distilled water), were applied by foliar spray when the true leaves unfolded, using a completely randomized design with 30 repetitions per treatment. The variables height of the plant, number of leaves per plant, diameter of the flowering stalk, diameter of the flowering head, length of the flowering stalk, total length of the flowering stalk, fresh biomass of the flowering head, of the root, and of the aerial part, total dry biomass and yield were measured. All the variables increased (P<0.05) as the chitosan dose increased, concluding that the application of chitosan to the broccoli crop is a viable alternative as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers.
{"title":"Effect of chitosan on growth and productive parameters in broccoli plants (Brassica\u0000oleracea L. var. Calabrese)","authors":"J. Reyes-Pérez, B. Murillo-Amador, Ramon Macias, Moisés Menacé, Eréndira Aragón, A. Palacios-Espinosa","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v40.n3.06","url":null,"abstract":"Biostimulants improve the absorption and assimilation of nutrients by plants, making them more tolerant to biotic or abiotic stress, improving their agronomic characteristics. Natural and biodegradable biostimulants such as chitosan have fungal and bactericidal activities and promote growth and crop yield, this is why, to evaluate the effect of chitosan application on growth and productive parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), three concentrations of chitosan (T1 = 500 mg.L-1; T2 = 1000 mg.L-1; and T3 = 2000 mg.L-1) and a control treatment (T4 = distilled water), were applied by foliar spray when the true leaves unfolded, using a completely randomized design with 30 repetitions per treatment. The variables height of the plant, number of leaves per plant, diameter of the flowering stalk, diameter of the flowering head, length of the flowering stalk, total length of the flowering stalk, fresh biomass of the flowering head, of the root, and of the aerial part, total dry biomass and yield were measured. All the variables increased (P<0.05) as the chitosan dose increased, concluding that the application of chitosan to the broccoli crop is a viable alternative as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74412222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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