. This paper presents a design, analysis and optimization of birdcage resonators employed in a novel radiofrequency plasma source. Three resonators were simulated and fabricated. The resonators differ in their design and in the different materials of used dielectric – polyimide and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE). The resonance frequency of fabricated samples possesses a maximal error of 2.2% compared to the simulated values. The performance in plasma excitation is related to the electrical parameters, while the best performing resonator (PTFE-based) exhibits the maximum real impedance of 644.3 Ω at the resonance frequency and the 799.5 V/m electric field strength. This resonator shows the best power efficiency in a plasma ignition experiment. The resonator ignited the discharge at ca. 1 Pa of am-bient air atmosphere with only 0.34 W of input radiofrequency power.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of Birdcage Resonators for Low-pressure Plasma Excitation","authors":"K. Jurík, J. Starý, P. Drexler","doi":"10.13164/re.2023.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2023.0044","url":null,"abstract":". This paper presents a design, analysis and optimization of birdcage resonators employed in a novel radiofrequency plasma source. Three resonators were simulated and fabricated. The resonators differ in their design and in the different materials of used dielectric – polyimide and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE). The resonance frequency of fabricated samples possesses a maximal error of 2.2% compared to the simulated values. The performance in plasma excitation is related to the electrical parameters, while the best performing resonator (PTFE-based) exhibits the maximum real impedance of 644.3 Ω at the resonance frequency and the 799.5 V/m electric field strength. This resonator shows the best power efficiency in a plasma ignition experiment. The resonator ignited the discharge at ca. 1 Pa of am-bient air atmosphere with only 0.34 W of input radiofrequency power.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66260195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This paper presents a new algorithm of the singular value decomposition (SVD) in the wavelet domain for ground penetrating radar (GPR) to remove direct coupled waves. In fact, direct coupled waves commonly disturb the reflecting waves from underground targets. Besides, the amplitude and energy of direct coupled waves are large, which reduces the resolution of the images to the targets and ad-versely affects the subsequent image interpretation work. The GPR signal is decomposed into several levels by Wavelet to obtain approximation components and detailed components of each level. The information of targets is contained in big eigenvalues of detail components, while the direct coupled waves are contained in small ones. Therefore, the SVD in the wavelet domain can reduce the misjudgment of effective signals and improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of GPR signals. The simulated and field GPR data show that the SVD in the wavelet domain denoising method has better results for direct coupled wave removal than the traditional methods, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed denoising method.
{"title":"Direct Coupled Wave Removal for GPR Data Based on SVD in the Wavelet Domain","authors":"D. Chen, A. Xiang, S. Xiong, L. Wang, L. Guo","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0564","url":null,"abstract":". This paper presents a new algorithm of the singular value decomposition (SVD) in the wavelet domain for ground penetrating radar (GPR) to remove direct coupled waves. In fact, direct coupled waves commonly disturb the reflecting waves from underground targets. Besides, the amplitude and energy of direct coupled waves are large, which reduces the resolution of the images to the targets and ad-versely affects the subsequent image interpretation work. The GPR signal is decomposed into several levels by Wavelet to obtain approximation components and detailed components of each level. The information of targets is contained in big eigenvalues of detail components, while the direct coupled waves are contained in small ones. Therefore, the SVD in the wavelet domain can reduce the misjudgment of effective signals and improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of GPR signals. The simulated and field GPR data show that the SVD in the wavelet domain denoising method has better results for direct coupled wave removal than the traditional methods, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed denoising method.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47682090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Dual-Mode Loop Resonator-Based Microwave Diplexers with Enhanced Performance","authors":"Z. L. Zhu, J. L. Li","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42643837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Orthogonal Coefficients Equating (OCE) method as an analytic method is proposed to synthesize nonuniformly spaced antenna arrays to have array factors nearly equal to that of a previously designed uniformly spaced antenna arrays. In this method, the orthogonal coefficients of array factors of nonuniformly spaced array are equated to those of uniformly spaced array. To this end, three orthogonal functions including Chebyshev polynomials, Legendre polynomials and exponential functions are dis-cussed. Some examples are brought to verify the perfor-mance of the OCE method for all three orthogonal functions.
{"title":"Design of Nonuniformly Spaced Antenna Arrays Using Orthogonal Coefficients Equating Method","authors":"M. Khalaj‐Amirhosseini","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0572","url":null,"abstract":". Orthogonal Coefficients Equating (OCE) method as an analytic method is proposed to synthesize nonuniformly spaced antenna arrays to have array factors nearly equal to that of a previously designed uniformly spaced antenna arrays. In this method, the orthogonal coefficients of array factors of nonuniformly spaced array are equated to those of uniformly spaced array. To this end, three orthogonal functions including Chebyshev polynomials, Legendre polynomials and exponential functions are dis-cussed. Some examples are brought to verify the perfor-mance of the OCE method for all three orthogonal functions.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47602203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This study developed a novel S-band radar system for planar location applications. High-resolution range imaging and target angle estimation were achieved by using a stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) signal and single input multiple output (SIMO) architecture with a linear sparse array layout, respectively. An improved time-frequency method was utilized to link the inde-pendent range profile and angle spectrum results to obtain the plane positions of the targets. The radar hardware was composed of the antenna array with one transmit element and five receive elements, an RF transceiver, and a signal processing component. Under the proposed waveform parameters and signal processing scheme, a 16-ms process cycle, 0.3-m ranging error, and 0.4° angle estimation error for target positioning were achieved in field tests. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed radar system.
{"title":"Enhanced SIMO Radar System Based on Time-Frequency Correlation for Target Localization Applications","authors":"L. Zou, X. Wang, L. Zhang, P. Gao","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0468","url":null,"abstract":". This study developed a novel S-band radar system for planar location applications. High-resolution range imaging and target angle estimation were achieved by using a stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) signal and single input multiple output (SIMO) architecture with a linear sparse array layout, respectively. An improved time-frequency method was utilized to link the inde-pendent range profile and angle spectrum results to obtain the plane positions of the targets. The radar hardware was composed of the antenna array with one transmit element and five receive elements, an RF transceiver, and a signal processing component. Under the proposed waveform parameters and signal processing scheme, a 16-ms process cycle, 0.3-m ranging error, and 0.4° angle estimation error for target positioning were achieved in field tests. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed radar system.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47835136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Based on the sparsity of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) signal, in this paper, a novel high resolution imaging algorithm is proposed. In this method, an optimal ISAR signal model based on mixed norm is established by using compressed sensing theory. The high-resolution ISAR image with short coherent accumulation time is realized by solving the optimization model. The main advantages of the proposed approach are: The model makes use of the l 2,0 mixed norm to realize faster convergence and improve the computational speed of the model solution obviously. Moreover, according to the result sparsity of each iteration under arbitrary noise, the regularization coefficient in the model can be adjusted adaptively, which avoids the complex process of repeated attempts, otherwise, the optimal coefficient needs to be estimated and attempted by the statistical characteristics of the noise and signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulated and measured data.
{"title":"An Adaptive Sparse Constraint ISAR High Resolution Imaging Algorithm Based on Mixed Norm","authors":"Dandan Song, Q. Chen, K. Li","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0477","url":null,"abstract":". Based on the sparsity of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) signal, in this paper, a novel high resolution imaging algorithm is proposed. In this method, an optimal ISAR signal model based on mixed norm is established by using compressed sensing theory. The high-resolution ISAR image with short coherent accumulation time is realized by solving the optimization model. The main advantages of the proposed approach are: The model makes use of the l 2,0 mixed norm to realize faster convergence and improve the computational speed of the model solution obviously. Moreover, according to the result sparsity of each iteration under arbitrary noise, the regularization coefficient in the model can be adjusted adaptively, which avoids the complex process of repeated attempts, otherwise, the optimal coefficient needs to be estimated and attempted by the statistical characteristics of the noise and signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulated and measured data.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41507255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Cao, J. Zhang, Y. Liu, Y. Zhu, J. Deng, G. Chen
. Radio emitter localization based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) is promising in large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for its low hardware and computation costs. To improve its localization accuracy and reduce the system energy consumption, we propose an improved RSS localization algorithm based on the joint sensor selection and semidefinite programming (SDP). An initial position estimate is first obtained using RSSs available at a random set of sensors. A refined sensor set is then selected to complete the second estimation by analyzing the geometric structure of sensing network. Performance of the method is evaluated in terms of localization accuracy and execution time, and compared with existing methods. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a localization accuracy of approximately 1.5 m with 8 to 10 sensors. The method outperforms the second-order cone programming (SOCP) and the least squared relative error (LSRE)-based SDP algorithms in terms of both the location and the transmit power estimation accuracy.
{"title":"Uncooperative Emitter Localization Based on Joint Sensor Selection and Semidefinite Programming","authors":"L. Cao, J. Zhang, Y. Liu, Y. Zhu, J. Deng, G. Chen","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0553","url":null,"abstract":". Radio emitter localization based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) is promising in large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for its low hardware and computation costs. To improve its localization accuracy and reduce the system energy consumption, we propose an improved RSS localization algorithm based on the joint sensor selection and semidefinite programming (SDP). An initial position estimate is first obtained using RSSs available at a random set of sensors. A refined sensor set is then selected to complete the second estimation by analyzing the geometric structure of sensing network. Performance of the method is evaluated in terms of localization accuracy and execution time, and compared with existing methods. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a localization accuracy of approximately 1.5 m with 8 to 10 sensors. The method outperforms the second-order cone programming (SOCP) and the least squared relative error (LSRE)-based SDP algorithms in terms of both the location and the transmit power estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. We propose a technique for simultaneously transmitting two signals with different waveforms, non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) signal and discrete multitone (DMT) signal, in an optical wireless link based on visible light emitting diode (LED). A sparse compressive sampling technique is proposed to reduce the length of the DMT signal encoded by quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols and a derivative-subtractive sampling is proposed to separate the NRZ-OOK signal and the DMT signal from the mixed signal (NRZ-OOK + DMT). It is possible to reduce the length of the DMT signal up to 38% using the sparse compressive sampling technique. A 37.6-Mb/s transmission capacity (NRZ-OOK: 10 Mb/s, QPSK symbols: 20 Mb/s + 7.6 Mb/s) is achieved over 10-MHz bandwidth.
{"title":"Simultaneous Wireless Transmission Based on Visible LED of On-Off-Keying and Discrete Multitone Signal Using Sparse Compressive Sampling and Derivative-Subtractive Sampling","authors":"Y. Won, S. Yoon","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0533","url":null,"abstract":". We propose a technique for simultaneously transmitting two signals with different waveforms, non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) signal and discrete multitone (DMT) signal, in an optical wireless link based on visible light emitting diode (LED). A sparse compressive sampling technique is proposed to reduce the length of the DMT signal encoded by quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols and a derivative-subtractive sampling is proposed to separate the NRZ-OOK signal and the DMT signal from the mixed signal (NRZ-OOK + DMT). It is possible to reduce the length of the DMT signal up to 38% using the sparse compressive sampling technique. A 37.6-Mb/s transmission capacity (NRZ-OOK: 10 Mb/s, QPSK symbols: 20 Mb/s + 7.6 Mb/s) is achieved over 10-MHz bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47555571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The increasing trend in air traffic density will continue in the near future with the addition of different aerial vehicles. Before the Mode-S protocol, Mode A and Mode C were in use; however, the Mode A/C configuration was only usable in sparsely dense air traffic. One of the useful features of Mode-S is the ability of probabilistic interrogation. However, there has not yet been a sophisti-cated algorithm for many close aircraft. Considering a futuristic air environment with a swarm of drones and airbuses equipped with transponders, we utilized the probabilistic interrogation feature of Mode-S and designed an algorithm. The proposed algorithm is able to collect close aircraft information in a relatively short time. There has also been created a high-level Mode-S uplink and downlink communication simulator in order to exchange all-call communication and record the algorithm’s performance in terms of time and number of interrogations sent.
{"title":"Mode-S Radar Interrogation Algorithm Design for Dense Air Traffic Environment","authors":"A. Oncu, A. G. Aydin, Y. Erdogan, A. Akdogan","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0460","url":null,"abstract":". The increasing trend in air traffic density will continue in the near future with the addition of different aerial vehicles. Before the Mode-S protocol, Mode A and Mode C were in use; however, the Mode A/C configuration was only usable in sparsely dense air traffic. One of the useful features of Mode-S is the ability of probabilistic interrogation. However, there has not yet been a sophisti-cated algorithm for many close aircraft. Considering a futuristic air environment with a swarm of drones and airbuses equipped with transponders, we utilized the probabilistic interrogation feature of Mode-S and designed an algorithm. The proposed algorithm is able to collect close aircraft information in a relatively short time. There has also been created a high-level Mode-S uplink and downlink communication simulator in order to exchange all-call communication and record the algorithm’s performance in terms of time and number of interrogations sent.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":"69 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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