R. Ondica, M. M. Kovac, A. Hudec, R. Ravasz, D. Maljar, V. Stopjaková, D. Arbet
. This paper focuses on full integration of passive devices, especially inductors with emphasis on multi-layer stacked (MLS) structures of fully integrated inductors using patterned ground shield (PGS) and fully integrated capacitor. Comparison of different structures is focused on the main electrical parameters of integrated inductors (e.g. inductance 𝐿 , inductance density 𝐿 𝐴 , quality factor 𝑄 , frequency of maximum quality factor 𝐹 𝑄 max , self-resonant frequency FSR, and series resistance 𝑅 DC ) and other non-electrical parameters (e.g. required area, manufacturing process, purpose, etc.) that are equally important during comparison of the structures. Categorization of inductor structures with most significant results that was reported in the last years is proposed according to manufacturing process. Final geomet-rical and electrical properties of the structure in great man-ner accounts to the fabrication process of integrated passive device. This work offers an overview and state-of-the-art of the integrated inductors as well as manufacturing processes used for their fabrication. Second purpose of this paper is insertion of the proposed structure from our previous work among the other results reported in the last 7 years. With the proposed solution, one can obtain the highest inductance density 𝐿 𝐴 = 23.59 nH/mm 2 and second highest quality factor 𝑄 = 10.09 amongst similar solutions reported in standard technologies that is also suitable competition for integrated inductors manufactured in advanced technology nodes.
{"title":"An Overview of Fully On-Chip Inductors","authors":"R. Ondica, M. M. Kovac, A. Hudec, R. Ravasz, D. Maljar, V. Stopjaková, D. Arbet","doi":"10.13164/re.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":". This paper focuses on full integration of passive devices, especially inductors with emphasis on multi-layer stacked (MLS) structures of fully integrated inductors using patterned ground shield (PGS) and fully integrated capacitor. Comparison of different structures is focused on the main electrical parameters of integrated inductors (e.g. inductance 𝐿 , inductance density 𝐿 𝐴 , quality factor 𝑄 , frequency of maximum quality factor 𝐹 𝑄 max , self-resonant frequency FSR, and series resistance 𝑅 DC ) and other non-electrical parameters (e.g. required area, manufacturing process, purpose, etc.) that are equally important during comparison of the structures. Categorization of inductor structures with most significant results that was reported in the last years is proposed according to manufacturing process. Final geomet-rical and electrical properties of the structure in great man-ner accounts to the fabrication process of integrated passive device. This work offers an overview and state-of-the-art of the integrated inductors as well as manufacturing processes used for their fabrication. Second purpose of this paper is insertion of the proposed structure from our previous work among the other results reported in the last 7 years. With the proposed solution, one can obtain the highest inductance density 𝐿 𝐴 = 23.59 nH/mm 2 and second highest quality factor 𝑄 = 10.09 amongst similar solutions reported in standard technologies that is also suitable competition for integrated inductors manufactured in advanced technology nodes.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66259880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. In order to improve the adverse influence of fading channel in communication system, a distributed Goppa coding scheme is proposed in this paper. Two Goppa codes are set at the source node and the relay node in this scheme respectively. An optimal design criterion at the relay is proposed to obtain the optimal joint resultant code at the destination. Furthermore, two novel joint decoding algorithms are proposed to enhance the overall BER performance of the proposed scheme. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed distributed Goppa coding scheme outperforms the non-cooperative scheme. Moreover, the proper information selection approach at the relay performs better than random selection in the proposed distributed Goppa coding scheme.
{"title":"Jointly Optimized Design of Distributed Goppa Codes and Decoding","authors":"F. Feng, F. Yang, C. Chen, C. Zhao","doi":"10.13164/re.2023.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2023.0023","url":null,"abstract":". In order to improve the adverse influence of fading channel in communication system, a distributed Goppa coding scheme is proposed in this paper. Two Goppa codes are set at the source node and the relay node in this scheme respectively. An optimal design criterion at the relay is proposed to obtain the optimal joint resultant code at the destination. Furthermore, two novel joint decoding algorithms are proposed to enhance the overall BER performance of the proposed scheme. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed distributed Goppa coding scheme outperforms the non-cooperative scheme. Moreover, the proper information selection approach at the relay performs better than random selection in the proposed distributed Goppa coding scheme.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66259920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ngoc-Long Nguyen, L. Tu, T. Nguyen, Phong Nguyen, Q.-S. Nguyen
. The comprehensive performance of cognitive broadcasting networks employing Fountain codes (FC) and maximal ratio transmission (MRT) is investigated in the present paper. More precisely, the secondary transmitter (ST) employs Fountain code to effectively broadcast a common message such as a safety warning, security news, etc., to all secondary receivers (SRs) via underlay protocol of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Different from works in the literature that are interested in studying the outage probability (OP), and the ergodic capacity of the CRNs. The present paper, on the other hand, focuses on the characteris-tics of the number of needed time slots to successfully deliver such a message. Particularly, we derive in closed-form expressions the cumulative distribution function (CDF), the probability mass function (PMF), and the average number of the required time slot to broadcast the message to all SRs. Additionally, we also provide the throughput of secondary networks (SNs). We point out the impact of some key parameters, i.e., the number of SRs and the number of transmit antennae at the secondary transmitter, on the performance of these considered metrics. Numerical results via the Monte-Carlo method are given to verify the accuracy of the derived framework as well as to highlight the influences of some essential parameters. Furthermore, we also compare the performance of the proposed networks with state-of-the-art and simulation results unveiling that the considered system consistently outperforms works in the literature.
{"title":"Performance on Cognitive Broadcasting Networks Employing Fountain Codes and Maximal Ratio Transmission","authors":"Ngoc-Long Nguyen, L. Tu, T. Nguyen, Phong Nguyen, Q.-S. Nguyen","doi":"10.13164/re.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":". The comprehensive performance of cognitive broadcasting networks employing Fountain codes (FC) and maximal ratio transmission (MRT) is investigated in the present paper. More precisely, the secondary transmitter (ST) employs Fountain code to effectively broadcast a common message such as a safety warning, security news, etc., to all secondary receivers (SRs) via underlay protocol of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Different from works in the literature that are interested in studying the outage probability (OP), and the ergodic capacity of the CRNs. The present paper, on the other hand, focuses on the characteris-tics of the number of needed time slots to successfully deliver such a message. Particularly, we derive in closed-form expressions the cumulative distribution function (CDF), the probability mass function (PMF), and the average number of the required time slot to broadcast the message to all SRs. Additionally, we also provide the throughput of secondary networks (SNs). We point out the impact of some key parameters, i.e., the number of SRs and the number of transmit antennae at the secondary transmitter, on the performance of these considered metrics. Numerical results via the Monte-Carlo method are given to verify the accuracy of the derived framework as well as to highlight the influences of some essential parameters. Furthermore, we also compare the performance of the proposed networks with state-of-the-art and simulation results unveiling that the considered system consistently outperforms works in the literature.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66259871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This paper presents a design, analysis and optimization of birdcage resonators employed in a novel radiofrequency plasma source. Three resonators were simulated and fabricated. The resonators differ in their design and in the different materials of used dielectric – polyimide and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE). The resonance frequency of fabricated samples possesses a maximal error of 2.2% compared to the simulated values. The performance in plasma excitation is related to the electrical parameters, while the best performing resonator (PTFE-based) exhibits the maximum real impedance of 644.3 Ω at the resonance frequency and the 799.5 V/m electric field strength. This resonator shows the best power efficiency in a plasma ignition experiment. The resonator ignited the discharge at ca. 1 Pa of am-bient air atmosphere with only 0.34 W of input radiofrequency power.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of Birdcage Resonators for Low-pressure Plasma Excitation","authors":"K. Jurík, J. Starý, P. Drexler","doi":"10.13164/re.2023.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2023.0044","url":null,"abstract":". This paper presents a design, analysis and optimization of birdcage resonators employed in a novel radiofrequency plasma source. Three resonators were simulated and fabricated. The resonators differ in their design and in the different materials of used dielectric – polyimide and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE). The resonance frequency of fabricated samples possesses a maximal error of 2.2% compared to the simulated values. The performance in plasma excitation is related to the electrical parameters, while the best performing resonator (PTFE-based) exhibits the maximum real impedance of 644.3 Ω at the resonance frequency and the 799.5 V/m electric field strength. This resonator shows the best power efficiency in a plasma ignition experiment. The resonator ignited the discharge at ca. 1 Pa of am-bient air atmosphere with only 0.34 W of input radiofrequency power.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66260195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This paper presents a new algorithm of the singular value decomposition (SVD) in the wavelet domain for ground penetrating radar (GPR) to remove direct coupled waves. In fact, direct coupled waves commonly disturb the reflecting waves from underground targets. Besides, the amplitude and energy of direct coupled waves are large, which reduces the resolution of the images to the targets and ad-versely affects the subsequent image interpretation work. The GPR signal is decomposed into several levels by Wavelet to obtain approximation components and detailed components of each level. The information of targets is contained in big eigenvalues of detail components, while the direct coupled waves are contained in small ones. Therefore, the SVD in the wavelet domain can reduce the misjudgment of effective signals and improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of GPR signals. The simulated and field GPR data show that the SVD in the wavelet domain denoising method has better results for direct coupled wave removal than the traditional methods, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed denoising method.
{"title":"Direct Coupled Wave Removal for GPR Data Based on SVD in the Wavelet Domain","authors":"D. Chen, A. Xiang, S. Xiong, L. Wang, L. Guo","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0564","url":null,"abstract":". This paper presents a new algorithm of the singular value decomposition (SVD) in the wavelet domain for ground penetrating radar (GPR) to remove direct coupled waves. In fact, direct coupled waves commonly disturb the reflecting waves from underground targets. Besides, the amplitude and energy of direct coupled waves are large, which reduces the resolution of the images to the targets and ad-versely affects the subsequent image interpretation work. The GPR signal is decomposed into several levels by Wavelet to obtain approximation components and detailed components of each level. The information of targets is contained in big eigenvalues of detail components, while the direct coupled waves are contained in small ones. Therefore, the SVD in the wavelet domain can reduce the misjudgment of effective signals and improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of GPR signals. The simulated and field GPR data show that the SVD in the wavelet domain denoising method has better results for direct coupled wave removal than the traditional methods, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed denoising method.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47682090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Dual-Mode Loop Resonator-Based Microwave Diplexers with Enhanced Performance","authors":"Z. L. Zhu, J. L. Li","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42643837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Orthogonal Coefficients Equating (OCE) method as an analytic method is proposed to synthesize nonuniformly spaced antenna arrays to have array factors nearly equal to that of a previously designed uniformly spaced antenna arrays. In this method, the orthogonal coefficients of array factors of nonuniformly spaced array are equated to those of uniformly spaced array. To this end, three orthogonal functions including Chebyshev polynomials, Legendre polynomials and exponential functions are dis-cussed. Some examples are brought to verify the perfor-mance of the OCE method for all three orthogonal functions.
{"title":"Design of Nonuniformly Spaced Antenna Arrays Using Orthogonal Coefficients Equating Method","authors":"M. Khalaj‐Amirhosseini","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0572","url":null,"abstract":". Orthogonal Coefficients Equating (OCE) method as an analytic method is proposed to synthesize nonuniformly spaced antenna arrays to have array factors nearly equal to that of a previously designed uniformly spaced antenna arrays. In this method, the orthogonal coefficients of array factors of nonuniformly spaced array are equated to those of uniformly spaced array. To this end, three orthogonal functions including Chebyshev polynomials, Legendre polynomials and exponential functions are dis-cussed. Some examples are brought to verify the perfor-mance of the OCE method for all three orthogonal functions.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47602203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This study developed a novel S-band radar system for planar location applications. High-resolution range imaging and target angle estimation were achieved by using a stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) signal and single input multiple output (SIMO) architecture with a linear sparse array layout, respectively. An improved time-frequency method was utilized to link the inde-pendent range profile and angle spectrum results to obtain the plane positions of the targets. The radar hardware was composed of the antenna array with one transmit element and five receive elements, an RF transceiver, and a signal processing component. Under the proposed waveform parameters and signal processing scheme, a 16-ms process cycle, 0.3-m ranging error, and 0.4° angle estimation error for target positioning were achieved in field tests. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed radar system.
{"title":"Enhanced SIMO Radar System Based on Time-Frequency Correlation for Target Localization Applications","authors":"L. Zou, X. Wang, L. Zhang, P. Gao","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0468","url":null,"abstract":". This study developed a novel S-band radar system for planar location applications. High-resolution range imaging and target angle estimation were achieved by using a stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) signal and single input multiple output (SIMO) architecture with a linear sparse array layout, respectively. An improved time-frequency method was utilized to link the inde-pendent range profile and angle spectrum results to obtain the plane positions of the targets. The radar hardware was composed of the antenna array with one transmit element and five receive elements, an RF transceiver, and a signal processing component. Under the proposed waveform parameters and signal processing scheme, a 16-ms process cycle, 0.3-m ranging error, and 0.4° angle estimation error for target positioning were achieved in field tests. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed radar system.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47835136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Cao, J. Zhang, Y. Liu, Y. Zhu, J. Deng, G. Chen
. Radio emitter localization based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) is promising in large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for its low hardware and computation costs. To improve its localization accuracy and reduce the system energy consumption, we propose an improved RSS localization algorithm based on the joint sensor selection and semidefinite programming (SDP). An initial position estimate is first obtained using RSSs available at a random set of sensors. A refined sensor set is then selected to complete the second estimation by analyzing the geometric structure of sensing network. Performance of the method is evaluated in terms of localization accuracy and execution time, and compared with existing methods. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a localization accuracy of approximately 1.5 m with 8 to 10 sensors. The method outperforms the second-order cone programming (SOCP) and the least squared relative error (LSRE)-based SDP algorithms in terms of both the location and the transmit power estimation accuracy.
{"title":"Uncooperative Emitter Localization Based on Joint Sensor Selection and Semidefinite Programming","authors":"L. Cao, J. Zhang, Y. Liu, Y. Zhu, J. Deng, G. Chen","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0553","url":null,"abstract":". Radio emitter localization based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) is promising in large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for its low hardware and computation costs. To improve its localization accuracy and reduce the system energy consumption, we propose an improved RSS localization algorithm based on the joint sensor selection and semidefinite programming (SDP). An initial position estimate is first obtained using RSSs available at a random set of sensors. A refined sensor set is then selected to complete the second estimation by analyzing the geometric structure of sensing network. Performance of the method is evaluated in terms of localization accuracy and execution time, and compared with existing methods. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a localization accuracy of approximately 1.5 m with 8 to 10 sensors. The method outperforms the second-order cone programming (SOCP) and the least squared relative error (LSRE)-based SDP algorithms in terms of both the location and the transmit power estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：