. Based on the sparsity of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) signal, in this paper, a novel high resolution imaging algorithm is proposed. In this method, an optimal ISAR signal model based on mixed norm is established by using compressed sensing theory. The high-resolution ISAR image with short coherent accumulation time is realized by solving the optimization model. The main advantages of the proposed approach are: The model makes use of the l 2,0 mixed norm to realize faster convergence and improve the computational speed of the model solution obviously. Moreover, according to the result sparsity of each iteration under arbitrary noise, the regularization coefficient in the model can be adjusted adaptively, which avoids the complex process of repeated attempts, otherwise, the optimal coefficient needs to be estimated and attempted by the statistical characteristics of the noise and signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulated and measured data.
{"title":"An Adaptive Sparse Constraint ISAR High Resolution Imaging Algorithm Based on Mixed Norm","authors":"Dandan Song, Q. Chen, K. Li","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0477","url":null,"abstract":". Based on the sparsity of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) signal, in this paper, a novel high resolution imaging algorithm is proposed. In this method, an optimal ISAR signal model based on mixed norm is established by using compressed sensing theory. The high-resolution ISAR image with short coherent accumulation time is realized by solving the optimization model. The main advantages of the proposed approach are: The model makes use of the l 2,0 mixed norm to realize faster convergence and improve the computational speed of the model solution obviously. Moreover, according to the result sparsity of each iteration under arbitrary noise, the regularization coefficient in the model can be adjusted adaptively, which avoids the complex process of repeated attempts, otherwise, the optimal coefficient needs to be estimated and attempted by the statistical characteristics of the noise and signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulated and measured data.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41507255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. We propose a technique for simultaneously transmitting two signals with different waveforms, non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) signal and discrete multitone (DMT) signal, in an optical wireless link based on visible light emitting diode (LED). A sparse compressive sampling technique is proposed to reduce the length of the DMT signal encoded by quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols and a derivative-subtractive sampling is proposed to separate the NRZ-OOK signal and the DMT signal from the mixed signal (NRZ-OOK + DMT). It is possible to reduce the length of the DMT signal up to 38% using the sparse compressive sampling technique. A 37.6-Mb/s transmission capacity (NRZ-OOK: 10 Mb/s, QPSK symbols: 20 Mb/s + 7.6 Mb/s) is achieved over 10-MHz bandwidth.
{"title":"Simultaneous Wireless Transmission Based on Visible LED of On-Off-Keying and Discrete Multitone Signal Using Sparse Compressive Sampling and Derivative-Subtractive Sampling","authors":"Y. Won, S. Yoon","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0533","url":null,"abstract":". We propose a technique for simultaneously transmitting two signals with different waveforms, non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) signal and discrete multitone (DMT) signal, in an optical wireless link based on visible light emitting diode (LED). A sparse compressive sampling technique is proposed to reduce the length of the DMT signal encoded by quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols and a derivative-subtractive sampling is proposed to separate the NRZ-OOK signal and the DMT signal from the mixed signal (NRZ-OOK + DMT). It is possible to reduce the length of the DMT signal up to 38% using the sparse compressive sampling technique. A 37.6-Mb/s transmission capacity (NRZ-OOK: 10 Mb/s, QPSK symbols: 20 Mb/s + 7.6 Mb/s) is achieved over 10-MHz bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47555571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The increasing trend in air traffic density will continue in the near future with the addition of different aerial vehicles. Before the Mode-S protocol, Mode A and Mode C were in use; however, the Mode A/C configuration was only usable in sparsely dense air traffic. One of the useful features of Mode-S is the ability of probabilistic interrogation. However, there has not yet been a sophisti-cated algorithm for many close aircraft. Considering a futuristic air environment with a swarm of drones and airbuses equipped with transponders, we utilized the probabilistic interrogation feature of Mode-S and designed an algorithm. The proposed algorithm is able to collect close aircraft information in a relatively short time. There has also been created a high-level Mode-S uplink and downlink communication simulator in order to exchange all-call communication and record the algorithm’s performance in terms of time and number of interrogations sent.
{"title":"Mode-S Radar Interrogation Algorithm Design for Dense Air Traffic Environment","authors":"A. Oncu, A. G. Aydin, Y. Erdogan, A. Akdogan","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0460","url":null,"abstract":". The increasing trend in air traffic density will continue in the near future with the addition of different aerial vehicles. Before the Mode-S protocol, Mode A and Mode C were in use; however, the Mode A/C configuration was only usable in sparsely dense air traffic. One of the useful features of Mode-S is the ability of probabilistic interrogation. However, there has not yet been a sophisti-cated algorithm for many close aircraft. Considering a futuristic air environment with a swarm of drones and airbuses equipped with transponders, we utilized the probabilistic interrogation feature of Mode-S and designed an algorithm. The proposed algorithm is able to collect close aircraft information in a relatively short time. There has also been created a high-level Mode-S uplink and downlink communication simulator in order to exchange all-call communication and record the algorithm’s performance in terms of time and number of interrogations sent.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Tengah, Nurul Huda, A. Rahman, Yoshihide Yamada, Nur Emileen, A. Rashid, I. Pasya, M. Aris, N. Quoc, Dinh
. For multibeam operation at the satellite mobile earth station and telecommunication base stations, a cylindrical lens antenna with multi-feed is a promising candidate due to the simple antenna configuration and good scanning performance to produce multi beams. However, efficient illumination at the lens surface is critical. Previ-ously, the present antennas were used; however, a significant tapered distribution is observed, resulting in under-illumination at the lens edges. The feed positions are re-quested to be placed near the lens to achieve a slender lens form. Therefore, the feed radiation pattern should have high radiations at the wide-angle region. This paper proposes a bifurcated beam array antenna to alter the amplitude distribution. This method is expected to improve the radiation pattern coverage area. In designing a bifurcated beam antenna, the important parameter is to ensure that the separated beams have the same current phase excita-tions at each radiating element and a precise patch arrangement to achieve the targeted radiation pattern. The differences in surface current will affect the radiation patterns due to the significant interference and cancellation effects which will contribute to high losses. This paper forms the array by a convex bent array with the same phase excitation for all patch elements. The feed performances are also verified by the good agreement between simulated and measured results. An improved aperture distribution is demonstrated for array feed having 0.7λ o spacing compared to the tapered distribution by a single patch design with the hyperbolic lens through detailed analysis and comparative study. By changing the spacing distance of the convex bent array, many radiation patterns are observed, such as strong radiation in the wide-angle region, the uniform radiation level in a wide-angle region, and the tapered radiation pattern. Thus, many aperture distributions of center-dip, uniform and tapered, are achieved.
{"title":"Design of Bifurcated Beam using Convex Bent Array Feed for Satellite Mobile Earth Station Application","authors":"Z. Tengah, Nurul Huda, A. Rahman, Yoshihide Yamada, Nur Emileen, A. Rashid, I. Pasya, M. Aris, N. Quoc, Dinh","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0541","url":null,"abstract":". For multibeam operation at the satellite mobile earth station and telecommunication base stations, a cylindrical lens antenna with multi-feed is a promising candidate due to the simple antenna configuration and good scanning performance to produce multi beams. However, efficient illumination at the lens surface is critical. Previ-ously, the present antennas were used; however, a significant tapered distribution is observed, resulting in under-illumination at the lens edges. The feed positions are re-quested to be placed near the lens to achieve a slender lens form. Therefore, the feed radiation pattern should have high radiations at the wide-angle region. This paper proposes a bifurcated beam array antenna to alter the amplitude distribution. This method is expected to improve the radiation pattern coverage area. In designing a bifurcated beam antenna, the important parameter is to ensure that the separated beams have the same current phase excita-tions at each radiating element and a precise patch arrangement to achieve the targeted radiation pattern. The differences in surface current will affect the radiation patterns due to the significant interference and cancellation effects which will contribute to high losses. This paper forms the array by a convex bent array with the same phase excitation for all patch elements. The feed performances are also verified by the good agreement between simulated and measured results. An improved aperture distribution is demonstrated for array feed having 0.7λ o spacing compared to the tapered distribution by a single patch design with the hyperbolic lens through detailed analysis and comparative study. By changing the spacing distance of the convex bent array, many radiation patterns are observed, such as strong radiation in the wide-angle region, the uniform radiation level in a wide-angle region, and the tapered radiation pattern. Thus, many aperture distributions of center-dip, uniform and tapered, are achieved.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41626182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. A compact lumped-element balun is proposed for 128 MHz frequency 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. The proposed L-C embraced structure places vertically-interdigital-capacitor (VIC) inside spiral inductor, thus three L-C elements only take up one inductor’s area. Therefore, significant size reduction and integration increment are both achieved without increasing the number of substrate layers. The balun is built on a 10-layer thickness low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate and has the smallest reported size of only 0.007 × 0.008 × 0.0009 λ g . Moreover, the proposed balun also has a 2 nd -order harmonic suppression of 32 dB. Fur-thermore, comparisons and discussions are also implemented.
{"title":"Compact LTCC Balun using L-C Embraced Structure for 128 MHz 3T MRI Applications","authors":"Q. Ma, H. Tie, B. Zhou","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0455","url":null,"abstract":". A compact lumped-element balun is proposed for 128 MHz frequency 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. The proposed L-C embraced structure places vertically-interdigital-capacitor (VIC) inside spiral inductor, thus three L-C elements only take up one inductor’s area. Therefore, significant size reduction and integration increment are both achieved without increasing the number of substrate layers. The balun is built on a 10-layer thickness low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate and has the smallest reported size of only 0.007 × 0.008 × 0.0009 λ g . Moreover, the proposed balun also has a 2 nd -order harmonic suppression of 32 dB. Fur-thermore, comparisons and discussions are also implemented.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43228928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This paper proposes a distributed Reed-Solomon coded cooperative labeling diversity (DRSCC-LD) scheme over the Rayleigh frequency-flat fast fading channel to further improve the BER performance. The non-binary Reed-Solomon (RS) code with more consecutive roots is applied at the relay to provide additional redundancy. As a novel diversity technique, labeling diversity (LD) with three different mappers is employed in the proposed DRSCC-LD scheme utilizing 16-QAM and 64-QAM, respectively, which may achieve diversity gain and greatly decrease the error floor (EF). Be-sides, a reduced-complexity detection algorithm based on a variable signal subset (RC-VSS) is proposed to lower the complexity of detection at both relay and destination. The proposed critical SNR-assisted (CSA) joint decoding algorithm then collaborates with the joint detection based on the RC-VSS algorithm to improve the overall BER performance. Theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulated results reveal that the proposed DRSCC-LD scheme clearly outperforms its corresponding non-cooperative RS coded scheme by a gain of more than 7 dB and the existing schemes by a margin of more than 3.5 dB under the identical conditions, respectively.
{"title":"Distributed Reed-Solomon Coded Cooperative Space-Time Labeling Diversity Network","authors":"C. Chen, F. Yang, C. Zhao, H. Xu","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0496","url":null,"abstract":". This paper proposes a distributed Reed-Solomon coded cooperative labeling diversity (DRSCC-LD) scheme over the Rayleigh frequency-flat fast fading channel to further improve the BER performance. The non-binary Reed-Solomon (RS) code with more consecutive roots is applied at the relay to provide additional redundancy. As a novel diversity technique, labeling diversity (LD) with three different mappers is employed in the proposed DRSCC-LD scheme utilizing 16-QAM and 64-QAM, respectively, which may achieve diversity gain and greatly decrease the error floor (EF). Be-sides, a reduced-complexity detection algorithm based on a variable signal subset (RC-VSS) is proposed to lower the complexity of detection at both relay and destination. The proposed critical SNR-assisted (CSA) joint decoding algorithm then collaborates with the joint detection based on the RC-VSS algorithm to improve the overall BER performance. Theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulated results reveal that the proposed DRSCC-LD scheme clearly outperforms its corresponding non-cooperative RS coded scheme by a gain of more than 7 dB and the existing schemes by a margin of more than 3.5 dB under the identical conditions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47641140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This paper presents a tunable power divider (PD) which is balanced at the input port and unbalanced at the output ports. This tunable balanced-to-unbalanced (TBU) PD divides the power either equally or in specific ratio by varying capacitance in the circuit. The complete theoretical study is presented for this type of PD. The analysis is based on the impedance matching of all the ports and isolation requirements of the two unbalanced output ports. By changing the capacitance, different power dividing ratio (PDR) can be achieved. The theoretical results are obtained from the design equations of the proposed PD. The reflection coefficient of the unbalanced ports are better than 10 dB with fractional bandwidth of 21.5%. The isolation between the two output unbalanced ports is achieved better than 15 dB with fractional bandwidth of 23.5%. The proposed PD shows the in-phase characteristic between the two output signals.
{"title":"Tunable Balanced-to-Unbalanced In-Phase Power Divider: Theoretical Analysis and Design","authors":"A. Yadav","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0486","url":null,"abstract":". This paper presents a tunable power divider (PD) which is balanced at the input port and unbalanced at the output ports. This tunable balanced-to-unbalanced (TBU) PD divides the power either equally or in specific ratio by varying capacitance in the circuit. The complete theoretical study is presented for this type of PD. The analysis is based on the impedance matching of all the ports and isolation requirements of the two unbalanced output ports. By changing the capacitance, different power dividing ratio (PDR) can be achieved. The theoretical results are obtained from the design equations of the proposed PD. The reflection coefficient of the unbalanced ports are better than 10 dB with fractional bandwidth of 21.5%. The isolation between the two output unbalanced ports is achieved better than 15 dB with fractional bandwidth of 23.5%. The proposed PD shows the in-phase characteristic between the two output signals.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47360381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The paper offers a new approach to modeling atmospheric turbulence consisting of turbulent cells whose size is larger than the optical beam width. Particular turbulent cells are approximated by an optical element matrix. The ray transfer matrix method is presented, through which the optical elements can be described in the matrix form. A deflection simulation was performed that indicated the behavior of the optical beam by passing through the optical element. Furthermore, the calculation of the deflection vector is described together with a cascade model of turbulent cells. The matrix calculation for the cascade of optical elements is also expressed.
{"title":"Optical Ray Transfer Matrix Model of the Turbulent Cells Cascade","authors":"A. Kovalova, L. Hudcová, R. Róka","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0520","url":null,"abstract":". The paper offers a new approach to modeling atmospheric turbulence consisting of turbulent cells whose size is larger than the optical beam width. Particular turbulent cells are approximated by an optical element matrix. The ray transfer matrix method is presented, through which the optical elements can be described in the matrix form. A deflection simulation was performed that indicated the behavior of the optical beam by passing through the optical element. Furthermore, the calculation of the deflection vector is described together with a cascade model of turbulent cells. The matrix calculation for the cascade of optical elements is also expressed.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47132828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Phase noise (PN) consists of common phase error (CPE) and inter carrier interference (ICI). In an OFDM symbol, CPE has the same impact on each subcarrier, which is easy to be suppressed. However, ICI destroys the orthog-onality of subcarriers, which is difficult to be eliminated. Therefore, an additional method is needed to be performed in the OFDM receiver to compensate the ICI. The interpolation method is considered an effective way to eliminate the ICI caused by PN in the OFDM system. To enhance the accuracy of the PN estimation and compensation, we propose a linear method, LI-ICI-EE1 method based on LI-ICI-E1. Multiple interpolation slopes are first calculated by selecting multiple pairs of observation samples, then the slope with the maximal linear fitting degree based on the least square (LS) criterion is selected to improve the LI precision. Fur-thermore, to improve the estimation accuracy of PN in the LI-ICI-EE1, we propose a Shrinkage-based on LI-ICI-E1 method named SLI-EE1, which is implemented by adding an 𝑙 2 norm penalty term to the error function. At last, to optimize the low accuracy of LI-ICI-EE1 and SLI-EE1 when the PN compensation problem is a high-order problem, we propose a non-linear method Shrinkage-based Third-order Lagrange method named STL. Simulation results show that the improved methods have better BER performance.
{"title":"Improved Phase Noise Compensation in OFDM Systems","authors":"L. Ge, Z. Wang, Li Qian, P. Wei, F. Gao, M. Li","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0510","url":null,"abstract":". Phase noise (PN) consists of common phase error (CPE) and inter carrier interference (ICI). In an OFDM symbol, CPE has the same impact on each subcarrier, which is easy to be suppressed. However, ICI destroys the orthog-onality of subcarriers, which is difficult to be eliminated. Therefore, an additional method is needed to be performed in the OFDM receiver to compensate the ICI. The interpolation method is considered an effective way to eliminate the ICI caused by PN in the OFDM system. To enhance the accuracy of the PN estimation and compensation, we propose a linear method, LI-ICI-EE1 method based on LI-ICI-E1. Multiple interpolation slopes are first calculated by selecting multiple pairs of observation samples, then the slope with the maximal linear fitting degree based on the least square (LS) criterion is selected to improve the LI precision. Fur-thermore, to improve the estimation accuracy of PN in the LI-ICI-EE1, we propose a Shrinkage-based on LI-ICI-E1 method named SLI-EE1, which is implemented by adding an 𝑙 2 norm penalty term to the error function. At last, to optimize the low accuracy of LI-ICI-EE1 and SLI-EE1 when the PN compensation problem is a high-order problem, we propose a non-linear method Shrinkage-based Third-order Lagrange method named STL. Simulation results show that the improved methods have better BER performance.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48643150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shaheen, N. M. Mahmoud, M. A. Ali, M. Nasr, A. Hussein
. In this paper, the design and hardware implementation of a squared open-loop resonator (SOLR)-based microstrip diplexer with high isolation, low insertion loss, and high selectivity are introduced. We employed four SOLRs, with each pair of coupled SOLRs used to build a high selectivity bandpass filter (BPF). To assemble the proposed diplexer, the designed BPFs are linked together via a T-junction combiner that is matched to the two filters and the antenna port. For transmit and receive modes, the proposed diplexer has two resonance frequencies of f t = 1.81 GHz and f r = 2.03 GHz, respectively achieving a small frequency space ratio of R = 0.114. The simulated structure exhibits good insertion losses of about 1.98 dB and 1.9 dB for the two channels, respectively, with fractional bandwidths of 2.25% at 1.81 GHz and 3% at 2.03 GHz. For 1.81 GHz and 2.03 GHz, the simulated isolation values are 58 dB and 46 dB, respectively. While the fabricated structure exhibits better insertion losses of about 1.25 dB and 1.22 dB at the measured transmit and receive frequencies of 1.801 GHz and 2.001 GHz, respectively, with smaller fractional bandwidths of 2.23% at 1.801 GHz and 2.98% at 2.001 GHz. For 1.801 GHz and 2.001 GHz, the measured isolation values are 48.99 dB and 57.02 dB, respectively.
{"title":"Implementation of a Highly Selective Microstrip Diplexer with Low Insertion Loss Using Square Open-Loop Resonators and a T-Junction Combiner","authors":"M. Shaheen, N. M. Mahmoud, M. A. Ali, M. Nasr, A. Hussein","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0357","url":null,"abstract":". In this paper, the design and hardware implementation of a squared open-loop resonator (SOLR)-based microstrip diplexer with high isolation, low insertion loss, and high selectivity are introduced. We employed four SOLRs, with each pair of coupled SOLRs used to build a high selectivity bandpass filter (BPF). To assemble the proposed diplexer, the designed BPFs are linked together via a T-junction combiner that is matched to the two filters and the antenna port. For transmit and receive modes, the proposed diplexer has two resonance frequencies of f t = 1.81 GHz and f r = 2.03 GHz, respectively achieving a small frequency space ratio of R = 0.114. The simulated structure exhibits good insertion losses of about 1.98 dB and 1.9 dB for the two channels, respectively, with fractional bandwidths of 2.25% at 1.81 GHz and 3% at 2.03 GHz. For 1.81 GHz and 2.03 GHz, the simulated isolation values are 58 dB and 46 dB, respectively. While the fabricated structure exhibits better insertion losses of about 1.25 dB and 1.22 dB at the measured transmit and receive frequencies of 1.801 GHz and 2.001 GHz, respectively, with smaller fractional bandwidths of 2.23% at 1.801 GHz and 2.98% at 2.001 GHz. For 1.801 GHz and 2.001 GHz, the measured isolation values are 48.99 dB and 57.02 dB, respectively.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43479753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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