. A compact lumped-element balun is proposed for 128 MHz frequency 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. The proposed L-C embraced structure places vertically-interdigital-capacitor (VIC) inside spiral inductor, thus three L-C elements only take up one inductor’s area. Therefore, significant size reduction and integration increment are both achieved without increasing the number of substrate layers. The balun is built on a 10-layer thickness low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate and has the smallest reported size of only 0.007 × 0.008 × 0.0009 λ g . Moreover, the proposed balun also has a 2 nd -order harmonic suppression of 32 dB. Fur-thermore, comparisons and discussions are also implemented.
{"title":"Compact LTCC Balun using L-C Embraced Structure for 128 MHz 3T MRI Applications","authors":"Q. Ma, H. Tie, B. Zhou","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0455","url":null,"abstract":". A compact lumped-element balun is proposed for 128 MHz frequency 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. The proposed L-C embraced structure places vertically-interdigital-capacitor (VIC) inside spiral inductor, thus three L-C elements only take up one inductor’s area. Therefore, significant size reduction and integration increment are both achieved without increasing the number of substrate layers. The balun is built on a 10-layer thickness low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate and has the smallest reported size of only 0.007 × 0.008 × 0.0009 λ g . Moreover, the proposed balun also has a 2 nd -order harmonic suppression of 32 dB. Fur-thermore, comparisons and discussions are also implemented.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43228928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Tengah, Nurul Huda, A. Rahman, Yoshihide Yamada, Nur Emileen, A. Rashid, I. Pasya, M. Aris, N. Quoc, Dinh
. For multibeam operation at the satellite mobile earth station and telecommunication base stations, a cylindrical lens antenna with multi-feed is a promising candidate due to the simple antenna configuration and good scanning performance to produce multi beams. However, efficient illumination at the lens surface is critical. Previ-ously, the present antennas were used; however, a significant tapered distribution is observed, resulting in under-illumination at the lens edges. The feed positions are re-quested to be placed near the lens to achieve a slender lens form. Therefore, the feed radiation pattern should have high radiations at the wide-angle region. This paper proposes a bifurcated beam array antenna to alter the amplitude distribution. This method is expected to improve the radiation pattern coverage area. In designing a bifurcated beam antenna, the important parameter is to ensure that the separated beams have the same current phase excita-tions at each radiating element and a precise patch arrangement to achieve the targeted radiation pattern. The differences in surface current will affect the radiation patterns due to the significant interference and cancellation effects which will contribute to high losses. This paper forms the array by a convex bent array with the same phase excitation for all patch elements. The feed performances are also verified by the good agreement between simulated and measured results. An improved aperture distribution is demonstrated for array feed having 0.7λ o spacing compared to the tapered distribution by a single patch design with the hyperbolic lens through detailed analysis and comparative study. By changing the spacing distance of the convex bent array, many radiation patterns are observed, such as strong radiation in the wide-angle region, the uniform radiation level in a wide-angle region, and the tapered radiation pattern. Thus, many aperture distributions of center-dip, uniform and tapered, are achieved.
{"title":"Design of Bifurcated Beam using Convex Bent Array Feed for Satellite Mobile Earth Station Application","authors":"Z. Tengah, Nurul Huda, A. Rahman, Yoshihide Yamada, Nur Emileen, A. Rashid, I. Pasya, M. Aris, N. Quoc, Dinh","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0541","url":null,"abstract":". For multibeam operation at the satellite mobile earth station and telecommunication base stations, a cylindrical lens antenna with multi-feed is a promising candidate due to the simple antenna configuration and good scanning performance to produce multi beams. However, efficient illumination at the lens surface is critical. Previ-ously, the present antennas were used; however, a significant tapered distribution is observed, resulting in under-illumination at the lens edges. The feed positions are re-quested to be placed near the lens to achieve a slender lens form. Therefore, the feed radiation pattern should have high radiations at the wide-angle region. This paper proposes a bifurcated beam array antenna to alter the amplitude distribution. This method is expected to improve the radiation pattern coverage area. In designing a bifurcated beam antenna, the important parameter is to ensure that the separated beams have the same current phase excita-tions at each radiating element and a precise patch arrangement to achieve the targeted radiation pattern. The differences in surface current will affect the radiation patterns due to the significant interference and cancellation effects which will contribute to high losses. This paper forms the array by a convex bent array with the same phase excitation for all patch elements. The feed performances are also verified by the good agreement between simulated and measured results. An improved aperture distribution is demonstrated for array feed having 0.7λ o spacing compared to the tapered distribution by a single patch design with the hyperbolic lens through detailed analysis and comparative study. By changing the spacing distance of the convex bent array, many radiation patterns are observed, such as strong radiation in the wide-angle region, the uniform radiation level in a wide-angle region, and the tapered radiation pattern. Thus, many aperture distributions of center-dip, uniform and tapered, are achieved.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41626182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This paper proposes a distributed Reed-Solomon coded cooperative labeling diversity (DRSCC-LD) scheme over the Rayleigh frequency-flat fast fading channel to further improve the BER performance. The non-binary Reed-Solomon (RS) code with more consecutive roots is applied at the relay to provide additional redundancy. As a novel diversity technique, labeling diversity (LD) with three different mappers is employed in the proposed DRSCC-LD scheme utilizing 16-QAM and 64-QAM, respectively, which may achieve diversity gain and greatly decrease the error floor (EF). Be-sides, a reduced-complexity detection algorithm based on a variable signal subset (RC-VSS) is proposed to lower the complexity of detection at both relay and destination. The proposed critical SNR-assisted (CSA) joint decoding algorithm then collaborates with the joint detection based on the RC-VSS algorithm to improve the overall BER performance. Theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulated results reveal that the proposed DRSCC-LD scheme clearly outperforms its corresponding non-cooperative RS coded scheme by a gain of more than 7 dB and the existing schemes by a margin of more than 3.5 dB under the identical conditions, respectively.
{"title":"Distributed Reed-Solomon Coded Cooperative Space-Time Labeling Diversity Network","authors":"C. Chen, F. Yang, C. Zhao, H. Xu","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0496","url":null,"abstract":". This paper proposes a distributed Reed-Solomon coded cooperative labeling diversity (DRSCC-LD) scheme over the Rayleigh frequency-flat fast fading channel to further improve the BER performance. The non-binary Reed-Solomon (RS) code with more consecutive roots is applied at the relay to provide additional redundancy. As a novel diversity technique, labeling diversity (LD) with three different mappers is employed in the proposed DRSCC-LD scheme utilizing 16-QAM and 64-QAM, respectively, which may achieve diversity gain and greatly decrease the error floor (EF). Be-sides, a reduced-complexity detection algorithm based on a variable signal subset (RC-VSS) is proposed to lower the complexity of detection at both relay and destination. The proposed critical SNR-assisted (CSA) joint decoding algorithm then collaborates with the joint detection based on the RC-VSS algorithm to improve the overall BER performance. Theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulated results reveal that the proposed DRSCC-LD scheme clearly outperforms its corresponding non-cooperative RS coded scheme by a gain of more than 7 dB and the existing schemes by a margin of more than 3.5 dB under the identical conditions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47641140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The paper offers a new approach to modeling atmospheric turbulence consisting of turbulent cells whose size is larger than the optical beam width. Particular turbulent cells are approximated by an optical element matrix. The ray transfer matrix method is presented, through which the optical elements can be described in the matrix form. A deflection simulation was performed that indicated the behavior of the optical beam by passing through the optical element. Furthermore, the calculation of the deflection vector is described together with a cascade model of turbulent cells. The matrix calculation for the cascade of optical elements is also expressed.
{"title":"Optical Ray Transfer Matrix Model of the Turbulent Cells Cascade","authors":"A. Kovalova, L. Hudcová, R. Róka","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0520","url":null,"abstract":". The paper offers a new approach to modeling atmospheric turbulence consisting of turbulent cells whose size is larger than the optical beam width. Particular turbulent cells are approximated by an optical element matrix. The ray transfer matrix method is presented, through which the optical elements can be described in the matrix form. A deflection simulation was performed that indicated the behavior of the optical beam by passing through the optical element. Furthermore, the calculation of the deflection vector is described together with a cascade model of turbulent cells. The matrix calculation for the cascade of optical elements is also expressed.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47132828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This paper presents a tunable power divider (PD) which is balanced at the input port and unbalanced at the output ports. This tunable balanced-to-unbalanced (TBU) PD divides the power either equally or in specific ratio by varying capacitance in the circuit. The complete theoretical study is presented for this type of PD. The analysis is based on the impedance matching of all the ports and isolation requirements of the two unbalanced output ports. By changing the capacitance, different power dividing ratio (PDR) can be achieved. The theoretical results are obtained from the design equations of the proposed PD. The reflection coefficient of the unbalanced ports are better than 10 dB with fractional bandwidth of 21.5%. The isolation between the two output unbalanced ports is achieved better than 15 dB with fractional bandwidth of 23.5%. The proposed PD shows the in-phase characteristic between the two output signals.
{"title":"Tunable Balanced-to-Unbalanced In-Phase Power Divider: Theoretical Analysis and Design","authors":"A. Yadav","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0486","url":null,"abstract":". This paper presents a tunable power divider (PD) which is balanced at the input port and unbalanced at the output ports. This tunable balanced-to-unbalanced (TBU) PD divides the power either equally or in specific ratio by varying capacitance in the circuit. The complete theoretical study is presented for this type of PD. The analysis is based on the impedance matching of all the ports and isolation requirements of the two unbalanced output ports. By changing the capacitance, different power dividing ratio (PDR) can be achieved. The theoretical results are obtained from the design equations of the proposed PD. The reflection coefficient of the unbalanced ports are better than 10 dB with fractional bandwidth of 21.5%. The isolation between the two output unbalanced ports is achieved better than 15 dB with fractional bandwidth of 23.5%. The proposed PD shows the in-phase characteristic between the two output signals.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47360381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Phase noise (PN) consists of common phase error (CPE) and inter carrier interference (ICI). In an OFDM symbol, CPE has the same impact on each subcarrier, which is easy to be suppressed. However, ICI destroys the orthog-onality of subcarriers, which is difficult to be eliminated. Therefore, an additional method is needed to be performed in the OFDM receiver to compensate the ICI. The interpolation method is considered an effective way to eliminate the ICI caused by PN in the OFDM system. To enhance the accuracy of the PN estimation and compensation, we propose a linear method, LI-ICI-EE1 method based on LI-ICI-E1. Multiple interpolation slopes are first calculated by selecting multiple pairs of observation samples, then the slope with the maximal linear fitting degree based on the least square (LS) criterion is selected to improve the LI precision. Fur-thermore, to improve the estimation accuracy of PN in the LI-ICI-EE1, we propose a Shrinkage-based on LI-ICI-E1 method named SLI-EE1, which is implemented by adding an 𝑙 2 norm penalty term to the error function. At last, to optimize the low accuracy of LI-ICI-EE1 and SLI-EE1 when the PN compensation problem is a high-order problem, we propose a non-linear method Shrinkage-based Third-order Lagrange method named STL. Simulation results show that the improved methods have better BER performance.
{"title":"Improved Phase Noise Compensation in OFDM Systems","authors":"L. Ge, Z. Wang, Li Qian, P. Wei, F. Gao, M. Li","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0510","url":null,"abstract":". Phase noise (PN) consists of common phase error (CPE) and inter carrier interference (ICI). In an OFDM symbol, CPE has the same impact on each subcarrier, which is easy to be suppressed. However, ICI destroys the orthog-onality of subcarriers, which is difficult to be eliminated. Therefore, an additional method is needed to be performed in the OFDM receiver to compensate the ICI. The interpolation method is considered an effective way to eliminate the ICI caused by PN in the OFDM system. To enhance the accuracy of the PN estimation and compensation, we propose a linear method, LI-ICI-EE1 method based on LI-ICI-E1. Multiple interpolation slopes are first calculated by selecting multiple pairs of observation samples, then the slope with the maximal linear fitting degree based on the least square (LS) criterion is selected to improve the LI precision. Fur-thermore, to improve the estimation accuracy of PN in the LI-ICI-EE1, we propose a Shrinkage-based on LI-ICI-E1 method named SLI-EE1, which is implemented by adding an 𝑙 2 norm penalty term to the error function. At last, to optimize the low accuracy of LI-ICI-EE1 and SLI-EE1 when the PN compensation problem is a high-order problem, we propose a non-linear method Shrinkage-based Third-order Lagrange method named STL. Simulation results show that the improved methods have better BER performance.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48643150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shaheen, N. M. Mahmoud, M. A. Ali, M. Nasr, A. Hussein
. In this paper, the design and hardware implementation of a squared open-loop resonator (SOLR)-based microstrip diplexer with high isolation, low insertion loss, and high selectivity are introduced. We employed four SOLRs, with each pair of coupled SOLRs used to build a high selectivity bandpass filter (BPF). To assemble the proposed diplexer, the designed BPFs are linked together via a T-junction combiner that is matched to the two filters and the antenna port. For transmit and receive modes, the proposed diplexer has two resonance frequencies of f t = 1.81 GHz and f r = 2.03 GHz, respectively achieving a small frequency space ratio of R = 0.114. The simulated structure exhibits good insertion losses of about 1.98 dB and 1.9 dB for the two channels, respectively, with fractional bandwidths of 2.25% at 1.81 GHz and 3% at 2.03 GHz. For 1.81 GHz and 2.03 GHz, the simulated isolation values are 58 dB and 46 dB, respectively. While the fabricated structure exhibits better insertion losses of about 1.25 dB and 1.22 dB at the measured transmit and receive frequencies of 1.801 GHz and 2.001 GHz, respectively, with smaller fractional bandwidths of 2.23% at 1.801 GHz and 2.98% at 2.001 GHz. For 1.801 GHz and 2.001 GHz, the measured isolation values are 48.99 dB and 57.02 dB, respectively.
{"title":"Implementation of a Highly Selective Microstrip Diplexer with Low Insertion Loss Using Square Open-Loop Resonators and a T-Junction Combiner","authors":"M. Shaheen, N. M. Mahmoud, M. A. Ali, M. Nasr, A. Hussein","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0357","url":null,"abstract":". In this paper, the design and hardware implementation of a squared open-loop resonator (SOLR)-based microstrip diplexer with high isolation, low insertion loss, and high selectivity are introduced. We employed four SOLRs, with each pair of coupled SOLRs used to build a high selectivity bandpass filter (BPF). To assemble the proposed diplexer, the designed BPFs are linked together via a T-junction combiner that is matched to the two filters and the antenna port. For transmit and receive modes, the proposed diplexer has two resonance frequencies of f t = 1.81 GHz and f r = 2.03 GHz, respectively achieving a small frequency space ratio of R = 0.114. The simulated structure exhibits good insertion losses of about 1.98 dB and 1.9 dB for the two channels, respectively, with fractional bandwidths of 2.25% at 1.81 GHz and 3% at 2.03 GHz. For 1.81 GHz and 2.03 GHz, the simulated isolation values are 58 dB and 46 dB, respectively. While the fabricated structure exhibits better insertion losses of about 1.25 dB and 1.22 dB at the measured transmit and receive frequencies of 1.801 GHz and 2.001 GHz, respectively, with smaller fractional bandwidths of 2.23% at 1.801 GHz and 2.98% at 2.001 GHz. For 1.801 GHz and 2.001 GHz, the measured isolation values are 48.99 dB and 57.02 dB, respectively.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43479753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. In this paper, support vector regression (SVR) algorithm is used for compact patch antenna design. By etching three T-shaped slots on the ground plane of a rectangle patch antenna, the current distribution on the ground plane is changed and the resonant frequency is reduced. However, there is no reliable formula between the physical parameters of slots and the resonant frequency for antenna design. In this paper, the SVR algorithm is innova-tively used to establish the mapping relationship between four parameters and the resonant frequency. In order to reduce the data samples required to train the SVR model, these four parameters are divided into three groups. This grouping method ensures the reasonable distribution of data samples, and greatly reduces the training data samples and reduces the time to collect data by simulator soft-ware. The hyperparameters are optimized by using 10-fold cross validation. 108 antenna models (data samples) with different geometrical and electrical parameters are designed and simulated for the initial dataset. The SVR model is trained on the 75 data samples with the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.9736 and is tested on the remainder 33 data samples. With the computation of the SVR model, the size of the proposed antenna decreases by 19.18% compared with that of the conventional rectangle patch antenna. The proposed structure is fabricated and measured. The results show that the proposed SVR model has good generalization on the real antenna model.
{"title":"Design of Compact Patch Antenna Based on Support Vector Regression","authors":"X. Dai, D. Mi, H. T. Wu, Y. H. Zhang","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0339","url":null,"abstract":". In this paper, support vector regression (SVR) algorithm is used for compact patch antenna design. By etching three T-shaped slots on the ground plane of a rectangle patch antenna, the current distribution on the ground plane is changed and the resonant frequency is reduced. However, there is no reliable formula between the physical parameters of slots and the resonant frequency for antenna design. In this paper, the SVR algorithm is innova-tively used to establish the mapping relationship between four parameters and the resonant frequency. In order to reduce the data samples required to train the SVR model, these four parameters are divided into three groups. This grouping method ensures the reasonable distribution of data samples, and greatly reduces the training data samples and reduces the time to collect data by simulator soft-ware. The hyperparameters are optimized by using 10-fold cross validation. 108 antenna models (data samples) with different geometrical and electrical parameters are designed and simulated for the initial dataset. The SVR model is trained on the 75 data samples with the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.9736 and is tested on the remainder 33 data samples. With the computation of the SVR model, the size of the proposed antenna decreases by 19.18% compared with that of the conventional rectangle patch antenna. The proposed structure is fabricated and measured. The results show that the proposed SVR model has good generalization on the real antenna model.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45558548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This paper proposes a two-dimensional signal detection algorithm for low-frequency signal receiving using orthogonal magnetic antenna. According to the directional properties of a single antenna, the direction coefficient is introduced into the model. The algorithm based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method can accurately estimate the direction coefficient and parameters of the noise in order to perform signal detection. The results show that the proposed algorithm is less affected by the direction of arrival and performs better, in terms of bit error rate, than that based on one-dimensional model. This study provides a valuable reference to omni-directional receiving of signals in low-frequency communication.
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Signal Detection Algorithm for Omni-Directional Signal Receiving Using Low-Frequency Orthogonal Magnetic Antenna","authors":"S. Feng, S. Y. Wang, L. Wang","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0255","url":null,"abstract":". This paper proposes a two-dimensional signal detection algorithm for low-frequency signal receiving using orthogonal magnetic antenna. According to the directional properties of a single antenna, the direction coefficient is introduced into the model. The algorithm based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method can accurately estimate the direction coefficient and parameters of the noise in order to perform signal detection. The results show that the proposed algorithm is less affected by the direction of arrival and performs better, in terms of bit error rate, than that based on one-dimensional model. This study provides a valuable reference to omni-directional receiving of signals in low-frequency communication.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42217082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The bit error rate (BER) performance of spatial modulation (SM) can be further improved by applying quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes recommended in 5G to SM. It motivates us to propose a QC-LDPC coded SM (QC-LDPCC-SM) scheme, where SM signals are protected by QC-LDPC codes. To estimate the channel state information at the receiver, a novel iterative joint channel estimation and data detection based on variable block length (IJCEDD-VBL) for SM is presented. In standard 5G LDPC codes, the parity-check matrix contains multiple submatrices, and then we can construct two different QC-LDPC codes by suitably selecting the submatrices. Thus, the QC-LDPCC-SM scheme can be effectively ex-tended to cooperative scenarios when deploying the generated LDPC codes at the source and relay, respectively. We develop an analytical approach for the BER performance of the proposed schemes. The simulation and theoretical results are in good agreement at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Furthermore, the proposed coded cooperative scheme outperforms its corresponding non-cooperative counterpart and the existing scheme. The numerical results also validate the effectiveness of the proposed channel estimation scheme.
{"title":"Distributed QC-LDPC Coded Spatial Modulation for Half-Duplex Wireless Communications","authors":"C. Zhao, F. Yang, D. K. Waweru, C. Chen, H. Xu","doi":"10.13164/re.2022.0362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2022.0362","url":null,"abstract":". The bit error rate (BER) performance of spatial modulation (SM) can be further improved by applying quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes recommended in 5G to SM. It motivates us to propose a QC-LDPC coded SM (QC-LDPCC-SM) scheme, where SM signals are protected by QC-LDPC codes. To estimate the channel state information at the receiver, a novel iterative joint channel estimation and data detection based on variable block length (IJCEDD-VBL) for SM is presented. In standard 5G LDPC codes, the parity-check matrix contains multiple submatrices, and then we can construct two different QC-LDPC codes by suitably selecting the submatrices. Thus, the QC-LDPCC-SM scheme can be effectively ex-tended to cooperative scenarios when deploying the generated LDPC codes at the source and relay, respectively. We develop an analytical approach for the BER performance of the proposed schemes. The simulation and theoretical results are in good agreement at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Furthermore, the proposed coded cooperative scheme outperforms its corresponding non-cooperative counterpart and the existing scheme. The numerical results also validate the effectiveness of the proposed channel estimation scheme.","PeriodicalId":54514,"journal":{"name":"Radioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47987900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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