{"title":"Plausible and Proper Multiple-Choice Items for Diagnostic Classification.","authors":"Chia-Yi Chiu, Hans Friedrich Koehn, Yu Wang","doi":"10.1017/psy.2025.10074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psy.2025.10074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54534,"journal":{"name":"Psychometrika","volume":" ","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychometric Model Framework for Multiple Response Items.","authors":"Wenjie Zhou, Lei Guo","doi":"10.1017/psy.2025.10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psy.2025.10073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54534,"journal":{"name":"Psychometrika","volume":" ","pages":"1-53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Fauss, Xiang Liu, Chen Li, Ikkyu Choi, Harold Vincent Poor
{"title":"Bayesian Selection Policies for Human-in-the-Loop Anomaly Detectors with Applications in Test Security.","authors":"Michael Fauss, Xiang Liu, Chen Li, Ikkyu Choi, Harold Vincent Poor","doi":"10.1017/psy.2025.10056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psy.2025.10056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54534,"journal":{"name":"Psychometrika","volume":" ","pages":"1-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SELF-Tree: An Interpretable Model for Multivariate Causal Direction Heterogeneity Analysis.","authors":"Zhifei Li, Hongbo Wen","doi":"10.1017/psy.2025.10067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psy.2025.10067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54534,"journal":{"name":"Psychometrika","volume":" ","pages":"1-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The bit scale: A metric score scale for unidimensional item response theory models.","authors":"Joakim Wallmark, Marie Wiberg","doi":"10.1017/psy.2025.10071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psy.2025.10071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54534,"journal":{"name":"Psychometrika","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In educational testing, inferences of ability have been mainly based on item responses, while the time taken to complete an item is often ignored. To better infer the ability, a new class of state space models, which conjointly model response time with time series of dichotomous responses, is developed. Simulations for the proposed models demonstrate that the biases of ability estimation are reduced as well as the precisions of ability estimation are improved. An empirical study is conducted using EdSphere datasets, where the two competing relationships (i.e., monotone and inverted U-shape) for the distance between ability and difficulty are investigated in modeling response times. The results of model comparison support that the inverted U-shape relationship better captures the behaviors and psychology of examinees in exams for EdSphere datasets.
{"title":"Bayesian Joint Modeling of Response Times with Dynamic Latent Ability in Educational Testing.","authors":"Xiaojing Wang, Abhisek Saha, Dipak K Dey","doi":"10.1017/psy.2025.10019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psy.2025.10019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In educational testing, inferences of ability have been mainly based on item responses, while the time taken to complete an item is often ignored. To better infer the ability, a new class of state space models, which conjointly model response time with time series of dichotomous responses, is developed. Simulations for the proposed models demonstrate that the biases of ability estimation are reduced as well as the precisions of ability estimation are improved. An empirical study is conducted using EdSphere datasets, where the two competing relationships (i.e., monotone and inverted U-shape) for the distance between ability and difficulty are investigated in modeling response times. The results of model comparison support that the inverted U-shape relationship better captures the behaviors and psychology of examinees in exams for EdSphere datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":54534,"journal":{"name":"Psychometrika","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust Estimation of Polychoric Correlation.","authors":"Max Welz, Patrick Mair, Andreas Alfons","doi":"10.1017/psy.2025.10066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psy.2025.10066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54534,"journal":{"name":"Psychometrika","volume":" ","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145650157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we generalize the multidimensional discrimination and difficulty parameters in the multidimensional two-parameter logistic model to account for nonidentity latent covariances and negatively keyed items. We apply Reckase's maximum discrimination point method to define them in an arbitrary algebraic basis. Then, we define that basis to be a geometrical representation of the measured construct. This results in three different versions of the parameters: the original one, based on the item parameters solely; one that incorporates the covariance structure of the latent space; and one that uses the correlation structure instead. Importantly, we find that the items should be properly represented in a test space, distinct from the latent space. We also provide a procedure for the geometrical representation of the items in the test space and apply our results to examples from the literature to get a more accurate representation of the measurement properties of the items. We recommend using the covariance structure version for describing the properties of the parameters and the correlation structure version for graphical representation. Finally, we discuss the implications of this generalization for other multidimensional item response theory models and the parallels of our results in common factor model theory.
{"title":"A Generalized Definition of Multidimensional Item Response Theory Parameters.","authors":"Daniel Morillo-Cuadrado, Mario Luzardo-Verde","doi":"10.1017/psy.2025.10063","DOIUrl":"10.1017/psy.2025.10063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we generalize the multidimensional discrimination and difficulty parameters in the multidimensional two-parameter logistic model to account for nonidentity latent covariances and negatively keyed items. We apply Reckase's maximum discrimination point method to define them in an arbitrary algebraic basis. Then, we define that basis to be a geometrical representation of the measured construct. This results in three different versions of the parameters: the original one, based on the item parameters solely; one that incorporates the covariance structure of the latent space; and one that uses the correlation structure instead. Importantly, we find that the items should be properly represented in a test space, distinct from the latent space. We also provide a procedure for the geometrical representation of the items in the test space and apply our results to examples from the literature to get a more accurate representation of the measurement properties of the items. We recommend using the covariance structure version for describing the properties of the parameters and the correlation structure version for graphical representation. Finally, we discuss the implications of this generalization for other multidimensional item response theory models and the parallels of our results in common factor model theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":54534,"journal":{"name":"Psychometrika","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Brancaccio, Debora de Chiusole, Ottavia M Epifania, Pasquale Anselmi, Matilde Spinoso, Noemi Mazzoni, Alice Bacherini, Matteo Orsoni, Sara Giovagnoli, Irene Pierluigi, Mariagrazia Benassi, Giulia Balboni, Luca Stefanutti
Tower tasks are popular tools used to measure planning skills. The sequences of moves undertaken by the respondents in solving tower tasks might provide important and useful information to shed light on their planning skills. The article focuses on the distinction between a situation where planning occurs before action (pre-planning) from one where planning and action are interlaced all along the execution of the task (interim-planning). While the model for pre-planning was already developed by Stefanutti et al. (2021), an alternative model for the interim-planning is proposed. The two models are compared with one another in an empirical study. In accordance with the literature on the development of planning skills, the pre-planning model better fits data collected on individuals aged 14 on, while the interim-planning model displays a better fit with data collected on individuals aged 4-8. This result is further corroborated by the analysis of the time performance.
{"title":"Two Markov Solution Process Models for the Assessment of Planning in Problem Solving.","authors":"Andrea Brancaccio, Debora de Chiusole, Ottavia M Epifania, Pasquale Anselmi, Matilde Spinoso, Noemi Mazzoni, Alice Bacherini, Matteo Orsoni, Sara Giovagnoli, Irene Pierluigi, Mariagrazia Benassi, Giulia Balboni, Luca Stefanutti","doi":"10.1017/psy.2025.10042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psy.2025.10042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tower tasks are popular tools used to measure planning skills. The sequences of moves undertaken by the respondents in solving tower tasks might provide important and useful information to shed light on their planning skills. The article focuses on the distinction between a situation where planning occurs before action (pre-planning) from one where planning and action are interlaced all along the execution of the task (interim-planning). While the model for pre-planning was already developed by Stefanutti et al. (2021), an alternative model for the interim-planning is proposed. The two models are compared with one another in an empirical study. In accordance with the literature on the development of planning skills, the pre-planning model better fits data collected on individuals aged 14 on, while the interim-planning model displays a better fit with data collected on individuals aged 4-8. This result is further corroborated by the analysis of the time performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54534,"journal":{"name":"Psychometrika","volume":" ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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