Progress in Aerospace Sciences最新文献_第3页

Progress in inverse finite element method for aerospace structural health monitoring applications 逆有限元法在航天结构健康监测中的应用进展

IF 16.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101132

Ihtisham Khalid , Zahid Ahmed Qureshi , Selda Oterkus , Erkan Oterkus

This review critically examines recent progress in the inverse finite element method (iFEM) for aerospace structural health monitoring (SHM), consolidating developments and emerging interdisciplinary applications. It offers novel insights into the latest inverse formulations, supported by benchmark numerical comparisons that aid in selecting suitable formulations for efficient airframe prognosis. Recognizing the importance of full-field sensing in aerospace monitoring systems, this review presents a unified analysis of numerical and experimental validations while accounting for uncertainties inherent in real-world implementations. In addition to the shape-sensing applications of iFEM, this review further examines a comprehensive damage assessment framework, including methods for identifying damage topologies such as material discontinuities and degradation resulting from operational or environmental conditions. Interdisciplinary methodologies integrating iFEM with advanced modeling and data-driven frameworks are reviewed for their efficacy in real-time defect characterization, offering insights into their broader potential for aerospace digital twin (DT) implementations. In addition, this study identifies current limitations in iFEM and outlines future directions to enhance its robustness, scalability, and adaptability for the rapidly evolving aerospace sector. By reviewing emerging trends in iFEM, this article serves as a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners aiming to design efficient and cost-effective aerospace SHM solutions.

本文综述了用于航空航天结构健康监测（SHM）的逆有限元方法（iFEM）的最新进展，巩固了发展和新兴的跨学科应用。它提供了新的见解，最新的逆配方，支持基准数值比较，有助于选择合适的配方，有效的机体预测。认识到全场传感在航空航天监测系统中的重要性，本文综述了对数值和实验验证的统一分析，同时考虑了现实世界实现中固有的不确定性。除了ifm的形状感应应用之外，本审查还进一步审查了一个全面的损害评估框架，包括确定损坏拓扑结构的方法，例如由操作或环境条件引起的材料不连续性和退化。将iFEM与高级建模和数据驱动框架相结合的跨学科方法在实时缺陷表征中的有效性进行了审查，并提供了对其在航空航天数字孪生（DT）实现中的更广泛潜力的见解。此外，本研究确定了妇发基金目前的局限性，并概述了今后的方向，以加强其坚固性、可扩展性和适应迅速发展的航空航天部门。本文通过回顾国际空间空间有限元的新兴趋势，为旨在设计高效、经济的航空航天空间空间空间模型解决方案的研究人员和实践者提供基础参考。

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引用次数: 0

3D printing modules for self-assembling space systems 用于自组装空间系统的3D打印模块

IF 16.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101128

Alex Ellery, Abdurr Elaskri

We review 3D printing of modules for self-assembling spacecraft and space robots – structure, actuators, electronics, sensors – focusing on motors as one of the mechatronic component triad. Self-assembly is necessary for autonomous construction of large space structures. We review self-assembly of modules in space. Self-assembly may be synergised with 3D printing to offer an automated capability of manufacturing from raw material into modules for assembling new spacecraft or habitats. One application of 3D printing is using space debris on-orbit as an in-situ resource - defunct spacecraft may be salvaged as raw material for in-situ construction on demand. All self-assembling modules constitute a structure within which an internal actuator resides and without which resides a reversible latching mechanism. We have demonstrated a 3D printed dual excitation DC electric motor less the wire coils which were not 3D printed. We have married our 3D printed motor prototype as an actuated joint between two 3D printed TRIGON-type panels as constituent parts of a TRIGON (transformable robotic infrastructure-generating object network) self-assembling and self-deploying structure concept. The 3D printed motorised deployable panel system shows that 3D printing can be applied to both structural and actuator parts of a robotic self-assembling machine. This has implications for self-assembling systems into modular satellites as a solution to space debris.

我们回顾了用于自组装航天器和空间机器人的模块的3D打印-结构，致动器，电子元件，传感器-重点关注电机作为机电元件三元组之一。自组装是大空间结构自主施工的必要条件。我们回顾了空间中模块的自组装。自组装可以与3D打印协同，提供从原材料到组装新航天器或栖息地的模块的自动化制造能力。3D打印的一个应用是利用在轨空间碎片作为就地资源——报废的航天器可以作为就地建造所需的原材料进行回收。所有自组装模块构成一个结构，其内部驻留一个执行机构，其外部驻留一个可逆闭锁机构。我们已经展示了一个3D打印的双励磁直流电机，其中没有3D打印的线圈。我们已经将我们的3D打印电机原型结合为两个3D打印TRIGON型面板之间的驱动关节，作为TRIGON（可变形机器人基础设施生成对象网络）自组装和自部署结构概念的组成部分。3D打印的机动可展开面板系统表明，3D打印可以应用于机器人自组装机器的结构部件和执行器部件。这意味着将系统自组装成模块化卫星，作为解决空间碎片的办法。

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引用次数: 0

The box-wing configuration: a critical review of design approaches and applications 盒翼结构：对设计方法和应用的批判性回顾

IF 16.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101108

Karim Abu Salem , Giuseppe Palaia , Aldo Frediani , Erasmo Carrera

This paper provides an overview of the main applications of the box-wing configuration for transport aircraft. Its main objective is to emphasize, through a proper selection of literature references, the peculiar performance and functional characteristics of the box-wing lifting architecture from the perspective of aircraft design. Two distinct approaches can guide the introduction of innovations within the aeronautical industry. The first is an evolutionary approach, which aims to implement incremental advancements without altering the fundamental framework of the current state of the art. The second is a breakthrough approach, which introduces functional solutions that are not addressed by existing technologies, thus reaching radical changes to established paradigms. The analysis of literature regarding the design and development of box-wing aircraft presented in this paper reveals that a breakthrough approach is essential for effectively integrating this innovation into transport aviation. By examining the application of the box-wing concept across various aircraft categories, ranging from medium-range and regional transport to ultralight aircraft and urban air mobility, the paper highlights the specific performance and functional potential of this configuration. Additionally, it identifies the limitations inherent to basic research and the critical bottlenecks that currently prevent its progression toward industrial implementation.

本文综述了箱翼结构在运输机上的主要应用。其主要目的是从飞机设计的角度，通过对文献文献的适当选择，强调箱翼升降结构的特殊性能和功能特点。两种截然不同的方法可以指导航空业引入创新。第一种是渐进式方法，其目的是在不改变现有技术的基本框架的情况下实现渐进式的进步。第二种是突破性的方法，它引入了现有技术无法解决的功能性解决方案，从而对已建立的范例进行了彻底的改变。本文通过对箱式机翼飞机设计与开发相关文献的分析，揭示了将这种创新有效地整合到运输航空中所必需的突破性方法。通过研究箱翼概念在各种飞机类别中的应用，从中程和区域运输到超轻型飞机和城市空中交通，本文强调了这种配置的具体性能和功能潜力。此外，它还指出了基础研究固有的局限性和目前阻碍其向工业实施发展的关键瓶颈。

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引用次数: 0

Progress in pyroshock simulation for qualification tests: A systematic literature review 鉴定试验热冲击模拟的进展：系统的文献综述

IF 16.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101126

Luca Viale, Alessandro Fasana

Spacecraft and their onboard equipment are subjected to significant dynamic loads, particularly when the activation of pyrotechnic devices induces intense high-frequency shocks, known as pyroshocks, which propagate throughout the entire structure and can cause critical damages. Qualification tests are needed to ensure aerospace equipment can withstand impulsive loads and therefore test rigs and simulation models are designed to replicate real-world pyroshocks while pursuing repeatability, accuracy, and safety.

This paper systematically categorizes and analyzes existing research papers on pyroshock simulation techniques, examining both experimental and numerical approaches. Scientific databases were queried but only a selection of the most relevant papers is presented and labeled, according the publication year, the purpose, the physical domain, the numerical method, the kind of fixture, and the excitation method. Additionally, a shorter review on contact mechanics is included to offer complementary insights, considering its relevance to pyroshock simulations.

航天器及其机载设备承受着巨大的动载荷，特别是当烟火装置的激活引起强烈的高频冲击时，这种冲击会在整个结构中传播，并可能造成严重的破坏。为了确保航空航天设备能够承受脉冲载荷，需要进行资格测试，因此，在追求可重复性、准确性和安全性的同时，需要设计测试平台和仿真模型来复制真实世界的热冲击。本文系统地对热冲击模拟技术的现有研究论文进行了分类和分析，研究了实验和数值方法。对科学数据库进行了查询，但根据发表年份、目的、物理领域、数值方法、夹具种类和激励方法，只提供了最相关的论文的选择并进行了标记。此外，考虑到其与热冲击模拟的相关性，还包括对接触力学的简短回顾，以提供补充的见解。

引用次数: 0

A Scientometric Investigation of Artificial Intelligence for Fluid Mechanics: Emerging Topics and Active Groups 流体力学中人工智能的科学计量学研究：新兴主题和活跃群体

IF 11.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101130

Weiwei Zhang , Mingkun Xia , Jiaqing Kou

Fluid mechanics, as one of the core disciplines of engineering technology, faces dual challenges of theoretical limitations and high computational costs when addressing complex flow problems, promoting the integration of artificial intelligence into the field. This paper systematically reviews the paradigm shift in fluid mechanics driven by AI technologies. Through a bibliometric analysis of 18,776 relevant publications up to May 2025 from the Web of Science Core Collection, we investigated the interdisciplinary intersection between two keyword sets: 22 artificial-intelligence-related terms (including Machine Learning, Neural Networks, Symbolic Regression, Reinforcement Learning, etc.) and 22 fluid-mechanics-related terms (including CFD, Aerodynamics, Fluid-Structure-Interaction, etc.). Our systematic investigation employs a modeling-computation-application framework to analyze this interdisciplinary field, presenting the most active countries, institutions, research groups, and leading scholars while mapping the overall research landscape. Key findings include: (1) From 2000 to 2014, the number of publications and citations grew slowly, but since 2014, both have shown a significant increase. (2) AI applications in fluid mechanics are categorized into modeling (dimensionality reduction and knowledge discovery, machine learning-based turbulence modeling), computation (reduced-order models and feature extraction, machine learning-based CFD simulations), and applications (data fusion and reconstruction, multi-physics and multi-disciplinary coupling, intelligent flow control, aerodynamic shape optimization). (3) The United States dominates foundational research, while China leads in technological applications. (4) Multi-dimensional network analysis—including author, institutional, and national collaboration networks, along with co-citation patterns—reveals a pronounced spotlight effect among leading global universities and research teams. The twenty representative teams selected from them have important value in the academic and engineering fields and deserve further attention. This study provides a clear and comprehensive framework for researchers in the field and offers guidance for future research in intelligent fluid mechanics.

流体力学作为工程技术的核心学科之一，在解决复杂流动问题时面临理论局限性和计算成本高的双重挑战，推动了人工智能与该领域的融合。本文系统地回顾了人工智能技术推动的流体力学范式转变。通过对Web of Science核心馆藏截至2025年5月的18,776篇相关出版物的文献计量分析，我们调查了两个关键字集之间的跨学科交叉：22个与人工智能相关的术语（包括机器学习、神经网络、符号回归、强化学习等）和22个与流体力学相关的术语（包括CFD、空气动力学、流体-结构-相互作用等）。我们的系统调查采用建模-计算-应用框架来分析这一跨学科领域，展示最活跃的国家、机构、研究小组和主要学者，同时绘制整体研究景观。主要发现包括：(1)2000 - 2014年，论文发表量和被引量增长缓慢，但自2014年以来，两者均呈现显著增长。(2)人工智能在流体力学中的应用分为建模（降维和知识发现、基于机器学习的湍流建模）、计算（降阶模型和特征提取、基于机器学习的CFD仿真）和应用（数据融合与重构、多物理场和多学科耦合、智能流动控制、气动外形优化）。(3)美国在基础研究方面占主导地位，中国在技术应用方面处于领先地位。(4)多维网络分析——包括作者、机构和国家合作网络，以及共引模式——揭示了全球领先大学和研究团队之间明显的聚光灯效应。从中选出的20个代表性团队在学术和工程领域具有重要价值，值得进一步关注。本研究为该领域的研究人员提供了一个清晰、全面的框架，并为未来智能流体力学的研究提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Review of data-driven computational guidance for unmanned aerospace vehicles 无人航天飞行器数据驱动计算制导研究进展

IF 11.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101129

Shaoming He , Haowen Luo , Chang-Hun Lee , Hyo-Sang Shin , Antonios Tsourdos

This paper explores the application of data-driven computational guidance in unmanned aerospace vehicles, emphasizing improving the optimality of guidance strategies through data-driven approaches. Unmanned aerospace vehicles are engineered to execute predetermined missions while adhering to a variety of physical and operational constraints. Both their design and operational strategies prioritize the efficient utilization of onboard resources. Data-driven methods can learn from data to develop well-trained neural networks that uncover underlying guidance patterns. These trained neural networks can rapidly generate optimal outputs in response to inputs with minimal computational cost. This characteristic of data-driven methods is particularly well-suited for guidance applications in scenarios with limited onboard computational resources. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art achievements in data-driven computational guidance. Simultaneously, we categorize these advancements based on the role of neural networks within the guidance system, referring to them as neural-end-to-end computational guidance and neural-assisted fixed-structure guidance, respectively. Additionally, the paper highlights several open problems and potential future research directions.

本文探讨了数据驱动计算制导在无人飞行器中的应用，强调通过数据驱动方法提高制导策略的最优性。无人航天飞行器的设计目的是执行预定任务，同时遵守各种物理和操作限制。它们的设计和操作策略都优先考虑有效利用船上资源。数据驱动的方法可以从数据中学习，开发训练有素的神经网络，从而发现潜在的指导模式。这些经过训练的神经网络可以以最小的计算成本快速生成响应输入的最优输出。数据驱动方法的这种特性特别适合于机载计算资源有限的情况下的制导应用。本文综述了数据驱动计算制导的最新研究成果。同时，我们根据神经网络在制导系统中的作用对这些进步进行分类，分别将其称为神经端到端计算制导和神经辅助固定结构制导。此外，本文还指出了几个有待解决的问题和未来可能的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

A review of airborne Doppler lidar for wind-sensing 机载多普勒激光雷达风感研究进展

IF 11.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101127

Rui Ling Yew , Brett C. Johnson , Brant C. Gibson , Abdulghani Mohamed

Turbulence detection and mitigation represent significant challenges in aviation, particularly for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) systems encountering thermal and mechanicalturbulence at low altitudes. Early detection of such flow disturbances is crucial, as it allows for timely evasive manoeuvres or countermeasures to ensure safe operations. While Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) sensing has been developed for large passenger aircraft, their size, weight, and power requirements has so far limited their utility in AAM vehicles. This paper reviews advancements in airborne Doppler lidar technology and evaluates the trade-offs which promise to enable the miniaturisation of these sensors. A case study is performed to examine the effects of sensor mass and power consumption on the range of three air taxi configurations. Advancements in optical technology are expected to facilitate the integration of efficient, compact lidar sensors into smaller AAM vehicles, enhancing their ability to detect and respond to turbulence, thereby improving their safety.

湍流探测和缓解是航空领域面临的重大挑战，特别是在低空遇到热湍流和机械湍流的先进空中机动（AAM）系统。早期发现这种流动干扰是至关重要的，因为它允许及时规避操作或对策，以确保安全操作。虽然多普勒光探测和测距（激光雷达）传感已经开发用于大型客机，但它们的尺寸、重量和功率要求迄今为止限制了它们在AAM车辆中的应用。本文回顾了机载多普勒激光雷达技术的进展，并评估了有望实现这些传感器小型化的权衡。通过一个案例研究来检验传感器质量和功耗对三种空中出租车配置范围的影响。光学技术的进步有望促进将高效、紧凑的激光雷达传感器集成到较小的空对空车辆中，增强其探测和响应湍流的能力，从而提高其安全性。

引用次数: 0

Plasma-enabled additive manufacturing in space: Perspectives, innovative material processing technologies, and emerging challenges 空间等离子体增材制造：观点、创新材料加工技术和新挑战

IF 11.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101125

Igor Levchenko , Michael Keidar , Oleg Baranov , Katia Alexander

Satellite technology is the cornerstone of space exploration. Recently, satellite constellations have emerged as an affordable and efficient way to expand the range of possible missions. Small satellites offer impressive capabilities and can be mass-produced and deployed. However, the long-term growth of the small satellite economy will depend on adopting sustainable product life-cycle management. This includes maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of space operations by developing functional platforms for repair, servicing, and upgrading of assets after they have been deployed in space. Additive techniques, particularly those enhanced by the use of plasma, could become key tools in this endeavour as the use of charged particles may help overcome some of the challenges presented by the space environment, such as microgravity and extreme temperatures, reducing the risks and costs associated with repairs and upgrades. Our review examines the level of technological readiness of plasma-enhanced and plasma-enabled additive manufacturing technologies in view of their possible use for various in-space satellite repair and servicing tasks, concluding that it is sufficient to initiate its implementation in space. Looking towards the future, key obstacles and benefits of incorporating 3D plasma printing technology in both open space and microgravity environments are explored.

卫星技术是太空探索的基石。最近，卫星星座已经成为一种经济有效的方式来扩大可能的任务范围。小型卫星提供了令人印象深刻的能力，可以大规模生产和部署。然而，小卫星经济的长期增长将取决于采用可持续的产品生命周期管理。这包括通过开发用于在空间部署资产后进行维修、维护和升级的功能平台，最大限度地提高空间业务的效率和有效性。附加技术，特别是那些因使用等离子体而得到加强的技术，可能成为这一努力的关键工具，因为带电粒子的使用可能有助于克服空间环境带来的一些挑战，例如微重力和极端温度，减少与维修和升级有关的风险和成本。鉴于等离子体增强和等离子体支持的增材制造技术可能用于各种空间卫星维修和服务任务，我们的审查审查了其技术准备水平，得出的结论是，它足以启动其在空间中的实施。展望未来，探讨了在开放空间和微重力环境中结合3D等离子打印技术的主要障碍和好处。

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引用次数: 0

Initial results from the first field expedition of UAPx to study unidentified anomalous phenomena UAPx首次野外考察的初步结果，以研究未确定的异常现象

IF 11.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101099

Matthew Szydagis , Kevin H. Knuth , Benjamin Kugielsky , Cecilia Levy

In July 2021, faculty from the UAlbany Department of Physics participated in a week-long field expedition with the organization UAPx to collect data on UAPs in Avalon, California, located on Catalina Island, and nearby. This paper reviews both the hardware and software techniques which this collaboration employed, and contains a frank discussion of the successes and failures, with a section about how to apply lessons learned to future expeditions. Both observable-light and infrared cameras were deployed, as well as sensors for other (non-EM) emissions. A pixel-subtraction method was augmented with other similarly simple methods to provide initial identification of objects in the sky and/or the sea crossing the cameras’ fields of view. The first results will be presented based upon approximately one hour in total of triggered visible/night-vision-mode video and over 600 h of untriggered (far) IR video recorded, as well as 55 h of (background) radiation measurements. Following multiple explanatory resolutions of several ambiguities that were potentially anomalous at first, we focus on the primary remaining ambiguity captured at approximately 4am Pacific Time on Friday, July 16: a dark spot in the visible/near-IR camera possibly coincident with ionizing radiation that has so far resisted prosaic explanation. We conclude with quantitative suggestions (3–5

σ

rules) for serious researchers in the still-maligned field of hard-science-based UAP studies, with an ultimate goal of identifying UAPs without confirmation bias toward mundane/speculative conclusions.

2021年7月，来自UAlbany物理系的教师与UAPx组织一起参加了为期一周的实地考察，以收集位于卡塔利娜岛及附近的加利福尼亚州阿瓦隆的uap数据。这篇论文回顾了这次合作所使用的硬件和软件技术，并包含了对成功和失败的坦率讨论，并有一节关于如何将经验教训应用于未来的探险。部署了可观测光和红外摄像机，以及用于其他（非电磁）发射的传感器。将像素减法与其他类似的简单方法相结合，对穿过相机视场的天空和/或海洋中的物体进行初步识别。第一批结果将基于大约一小时的触发可见光/夜视模式视频和超过600小时的未触发（远）红外视频记录，以及55小时的（背景）辐射测量。在对最初可能出现异常的几个模糊点进行多重解释后，我们将重点放在太平洋时间7月16日星期五凌晨4点左右捕获的主要剩余模糊点上：可见光/近红外相机上的一个黑点，可能与电离辐射一致，迄今为止还没有得到平淡的解释。最后，我们提出了一些定量建议（3-5σ规则），以供仍然受到诟病的以硬科学为基础的UAP研究领域的严肃研究人员使用，最终目标是在没有对世俗/推测结论的确认偏见的情况下识别UAP。

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引用次数: 0

The new science of Unidentified Aerospace-Undersea Phenomena (UAP) 不明航空-海底现象（UAP）的新科学

IF 11.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101097

Kevin H. Knuth , Philippe Ailleris , Hussein Ali Agrama , Eamonn Ansbro , Phyllis A. Budinger , Tejin Cai , Thibaut Canuti , Michael C. Cifone , Walter Bruce Cornet Jr. , Frédéric Courtade , Richard Dolan , Laura Domine , Luc Dini , Baptiste Friscourt , Ryan Graves , Richard F. Haines , Richard Hoffman , Hakan Kayal , Sarah Little , Garry P. Nolan , Wesley A. Watters

After decades of dismissal and secrecy, it has become clear that a significant number of the world’s governments take Unidentified Aerospace-Undersea Phenomena (UAP), formerly known as Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), seriously—yet still seem to know little about them. As a result, these phenomena are increasingly attracting the attention of scientists around the world, some of whom have recently formed research efforts to monitor and scientifically study UAP. In this paper, we review and summarize approximately 20 historical government studies dating from 1933 to the present (in Scandinavia, WWII, US, Canada, France, Russia, China), several historical private research studies (France, UK, US), and both recent and current scientific research efforts (Ireland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, US). In doing so, our objective is to clarify the existing global and historical scientific narrative around UAP. Studies range from field station development and deployment to the collection and analysis of witness reports from around the world. We dispel the common misconception that UAPs are an American phenomenon and show that UAP can be, and have been, scientifically investigated. Our aim here is to enable future studies to draw on the great depth of prior documented experience.

经过几十年的忽视和保密，很明显，世界上相当多的政府认真对待不明航空-海底现象（UAP），以前被称为不明飞行物（ufo），但似乎对它们知之甚少。因此，这些现象越来越引起世界各地科学家的注意，其中一些科学家最近成立了监测和科学研究UAP的研究工作。在本文中，我们回顾和总结了从1933年至今的大约20项历史政府研究（在斯堪的纳维亚半岛，二战，美国，加拿大，法国，俄罗斯，中国），一些历史私人研究（法国，英国，美国），以及最近和当前的科学研究（爱尔兰，德国，挪威，瑞典，美国）。在这样做的过程中，我们的目标是澄清围绕UAP的现有全球和历史科学叙述。研究范围从实地监测站的发展和部署到收集和分析来自世界各地的证人报告。我们消除了普遍的误解，即UAP是一种美国现象，并表明UAP可以并且已经被科学地研究过。我们在这里的目的是使未来的研究能够利用以前记录的经验的深度。

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引用次数: 0