Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101074
Ryan Medlin, Spencer Meeks, Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh, Jason Damazo, Rory Roberts
Hydrogen-rich fuels, such as liquid ammonia (LNH3), are being considered for new commercial aircraft propulsion systems to reduce aviation’s CO2 climate impact. It is crucial to ensure that integrating these fuels does not increase non-CO2 climate impacts, defeating the purpose of decarbonizing aviation. Specifically, there are concerns about increased atmospheric radiative forcing (RF) via more frequent and persistent condensation trails (contrails). Some recent analyses show that ammonia contrails could form at lower altitudes (i.e., warmer air) and more frequently than kerosene contrails. On an equal energy basis, NH3-powered engines can exhaust six times more mass of water in every kilogram of air per unit Kelvin temperature increase compared to their kerosene-powered counterparts. The vastly different thermodynamic and microphysical conditions in the exhaust plume of NH3-powered engines query the existing understanding of contrail prediction. Current literature suggests that reducing soot particles as efficient ice nuclei (IN) in plumes of conventional kerosene-fueled engines could eliminate contrails by decreasing ice crystal number density. Such a proposal fails to consider the dissimilar plume properties and a range of microphysical phenomena that affect contrail formation—and thus may not be easily conjectured to NH3-contrails. Examples include an increase in the supersaturation temperature threshold, ambient particle effects, preexisting soot emitted from airplanes burning carbon-based fuels, the feasibility of a homogeneous freezing mechanism, and any non-soot system-exhausted particles serving as efficient IN. Hence, this review seeks to consolidate knowledge of kerosene and ammonia contrails and offer thermodynamic and microphysical perspectives on contrail formation.
{"title":"Ammonia versus kerosene contrails: A review","authors":"Ryan Medlin, Spencer Meeks, Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh, Jason Damazo, Rory Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101074","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen-rich fuels, such as liquid ammonia (LNH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>), are being considered for new commercial aircraft propulsion systems to reduce aviation’s CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> climate impact. It is crucial to ensure that integrating these fuels does not increase non-CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> climate impacts, defeating the purpose of decarbonizing aviation. Specifically, there are concerns about increased atmospheric radiative forcing (RF) via more frequent and persistent condensation trails (contrails). Some recent analyses show that ammonia contrails could form at lower altitudes (i.e., warmer air) and more frequently than kerosene contrails. On an equal energy basis, NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-powered engines can exhaust six times more mass of water in every kilogram of air per unit Kelvin temperature increase compared to their kerosene-powered counterparts. The vastly different thermodynamic and microphysical conditions in the exhaust plume of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-powered engines query the existing understanding of contrail prediction. Current literature suggests that reducing soot particles as efficient ice nuclei (IN) in plumes of conventional kerosene-fueled engines could eliminate contrails by decreasing ice crystal number density. Such a proposal fails to consider the dissimilar plume properties and a range of microphysical phenomena that affect contrail formation—and thus may not be easily conjectured to NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-contrails. Examples include an increase in the supersaturation temperature threshold, ambient particle effects, preexisting soot emitted from airplanes burning carbon-based fuels, the feasibility of a homogeneous freezing mechanism, and any non-soot system-exhausted particles serving as efficient IN. Hence, this review seeks to consolidate knowledge of kerosene and ammonia contrails and offer thermodynamic and microphysical perspectives on contrail formation.","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101073
Carmine Varriale, Thomas Lombaerts, Gertjan Looye
Direct Lift Control (DLC) is the capability to directly and intentionally influence lift on a fixed-wing aircraft by means of aerodynamic control devices, with minimum change of its angle of attack. Although several definitions exist, with various degrees of ambiguity, the combination of DLC and pitch attitude control has unambiguously proven to reduce pilot workload and improve flying comfort considerably. DLC has historically seen several applications on so-called inflight simulators and, recently, this capability has been rolled out over several aircraft types of the US Navy fleet, massively reducing pilot workload during carrier landings. On the civil front, only one aircraft type has been equipped with this capability, despite its very positive reception by flight crews and passengers. The intention of this paper is to revive interest in civil DLC applications, by reviewing in-depth its basic principles, characteristic features, benefits, and implementations so far. Several modern aircraft and disruptive wing configurations appear to be inherently capable of accommodating DLC functionality from a flight physical, systems, and software point of view. The proven benefits of DLC are likely to well outweigh the cost of the added functionality.
{"title":"Direct Lift Control: A review of its principles, merits, current and future implementations","authors":"Carmine Varriale, Thomas Lombaerts, Gertjan Looye","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101073","url":null,"abstract":"Direct Lift Control (DLC) is the capability to directly and intentionally influence lift on a fixed-wing aircraft by means of aerodynamic control devices, with minimum change of its angle of attack. Although several definitions exist, with various degrees of ambiguity, the combination of DLC and pitch attitude control has unambiguously proven to reduce pilot workload and improve flying comfort considerably. DLC has historically seen several applications on so-called inflight simulators and, recently, this capability has been rolled out over several aircraft types of the US Navy fleet, massively reducing pilot workload during carrier landings. On the civil front, only one aircraft type has been equipped with this capability, despite its very positive reception by flight crews and passengers. The intention of this paper is to revive interest in civil DLC applications, by reviewing in-depth its basic principles, characteristic features, benefits, and implementations so far. Several modern aircraft and disruptive wing configurations appear to be inherently capable of accommodating DLC functionality from a flight physical, systems, and software point of view. The proven benefits of DLC are likely to well outweigh the cost of the added functionality.","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101072
Mehdi Ghoreyshi, Keith Bergeron, Jürgen Seidel
This article explores recent advancements in the simulation of air drop configurations. Utilizing modeling and simulation techniques can enhance the understanding of airdrop operations before undertaking costly and risky experimental trials. Validated simulations also offer the opportunity to examine a wider range of non-standard cases, designs, systems, and components. Key physical and simulation parameters under investigation include various airdrop configurations, flow conditions, extraction and release timings, and ejector forces, all of which will be integrated with multiple parachute configurations and cargo payloads of differing geometries and mass distributions. The review covers advanced mesh generation techniques, turbulence modeling, adaptive mesh refinement methods, prescribed and responsive body motions, contact modeling, propeller and engine modeling, fluid–structure interaction for parachute inflation, and methods to study the stability of payloads and parachutes, including the modeling of suspension and extraction lines. The article details two specific studies: the extraction of various-sized containers from the C-17 ramp using gravity and chutes, and a sensitivity analysis of personnel extraction from the C-130 aircraft troop doors, considering variations in paratrooper profiles, center of gravity, and mass data.
{"title":"Advances in exit simulations of airdrop configurations","authors":"Mehdi Ghoreyshi, Keith Bergeron, Jürgen Seidel","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101072","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores recent advancements in the simulation of air drop configurations. Utilizing modeling and simulation techniques can enhance the understanding of airdrop operations before undertaking costly and risky experimental trials. Validated simulations also offer the opportunity to examine a wider range of non-standard cases, designs, systems, and components. Key physical and simulation parameters under investigation include various airdrop configurations, flow conditions, extraction and release timings, and ejector forces, all of which will be integrated with multiple parachute configurations and cargo payloads of differing geometries and mass distributions. The review covers advanced mesh generation techniques, turbulence modeling, adaptive mesh refinement methods, prescribed and responsive body motions, contact modeling, propeller and engine modeling, fluid–structure interaction for parachute inflation, and methods to study the stability of payloads and parachutes, including the modeling of suspension and extraction lines. The article details two specific studies: the extraction of various-sized containers from the C-17 ramp using gravity and chutes, and a sensitivity analysis of personnel extraction from the C-130 aircraft troop doors, considering variations in paratrooper profiles, center of gravity, and mass data.","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100900
Igor Levchenko, Dan Goebel, Daniela Pedrini, Riccardo Albertoni, Oleg Baranov, Igal Kronhaus, Dan Lev, Mitchell L.R. Walker, Shuyan Xu, Kateryna Bazaka
While many types of mature space propulsion systems are in active use, significant progress is still required to meet the requirements of new missions. The emerging challenges include plans for Mars and Moon exploration, building huge satellite constellations like Starlink and OneWeb, advanced astrophysical studies including space-based gravitational wave detection systems, precise astrophysical and astronomical measurements in space, search for life on exoplanets, deep space missions, and others. In this light, this review outlines and briefly discusses the most recent, advanced and innovative approaches, technologies, concepts, and physical principles related to space propulsion. Furthermore, we present more ambitious ideas for the future that have been demonstrated in labs as prototype space systems to enhance the performance of mature space propulsion thrusters and concepts that are proposed for consideration in future space thruster systems. We discuss the recent advances in the application of advanced rotating magnetic field systems for space propulsion, condensable propellant thrusters, innovations in propellant supply systems, capillary and narrow channel thrusters, staged thrusters, application of segmented electrodes, and other techniques. The manuscript brings to light the most recent innovations for future consolidated research efforts worldwide, helps to define the key parameters of space propulsion systems for future ambitious missions, and ultimately contributes to the creation of substantially novel thrust platforms for future space exploration.
{"title":"Recent innovations to advance space electric propulsion technologies","authors":"Igor Levchenko, Dan Goebel, Daniela Pedrini, Riccardo Albertoni, Oleg Baranov, Igal Kronhaus, Dan Lev, Mitchell L.R. Walker, Shuyan Xu, Kateryna Bazaka","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100900","url":null,"abstract":"While many types of mature space propulsion systems are in active use, significant progress is still required to meet the requirements of new missions. The emerging challenges include plans for Mars and Moon exploration, building huge satellite constellations like Starlink and OneWeb, advanced astrophysical studies including space-based gravitational wave detection systems, precise astrophysical and astronomical measurements in space, search for life on exoplanets, deep space missions, and others. In this light, this review outlines and briefly discusses the most recent, advanced and innovative approaches, technologies, concepts, and physical principles related to space propulsion. Furthermore, we present more ambitious ideas for the future that have been demonstrated in labs as prototype space systems to enhance the performance of mature space propulsion thrusters and concepts that are proposed for consideration in future space thruster systems. We discuss the recent advances in the application of advanced rotating magnetic field systems for space propulsion, condensable propellant thrusters, innovations in propellant supply systems, capillary and narrow channel thrusters, staged thrusters, application of segmented electrodes, and other techniques. The manuscript brings to light the most recent innovations for future consolidated research efforts worldwide, helps to define the key parameters of space propulsion systems for future ambitious missions, and ultimately contributes to the creation of substantially novel thrust platforms for future space exploration.","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101063
Yanhui Wu , Xiang Zhang , Fan Yang , Stephen Spence
When axial compressors operate under high-loading conditions, inherent unsteady flow phenomena emerge in the tip region as a consequence of the tip leakage flow. These aerodynamic phenomena are collectively known as tip flow unsteadiness. It has been proven that tip flow unsteadiness not only serves as an excitation source of both non-synchronous vibration and tip noise but is also the cause of short-length-scale stall inception. These structural and aerodynamic problems have become common issues in highly loaded axial compressors, which require a breakthrough in the study of tip flow unsteadiness. This article begins with a review of past research on unsteady tip flow phenomena, examining them from the perspectives of self-excited unsteadiness and rotating instability (RI). Detailed discussions are presented on the relationships between RI and tip clearance noise, non-synchronous vibrations, and stall inceptions. This is followed by explanations for the origin of the tip flow unsteadiness. Six theories proposed in existing literature are classified, including vortex shedding, tip leakage vortex breakdown, the interaction between tip leakage flow and adjacent flow, rotating instability vortex, tip secondary vortex, and shear layer instability. There have been only limited investigations of control techniques aimed at suppressing tip flow unsteadiness. These methods are classified according to their control mechanisms and the corresponding control effects are presented. Additionally, recommendations for future advancements in these fields are presented.
{"title":"Review of unsteady aerodynamic problems and control strategies for the blade tip flow of axial compressors","authors":"Yanhui Wu , Xiang Zhang , Fan Yang , Stephen Spence","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When axial compressors operate under high-loading conditions, inherent unsteady flow phenomena emerge in the tip region as a consequence of the tip leakage flow. These aerodynamic phenomena are collectively known as tip flow unsteadiness. It has been proven that tip flow unsteadiness not only serves as an excitation source of both non-synchronous vibration and tip noise but is also the cause of short-length-scale stall inception. These structural and aerodynamic problems have become common issues in highly loaded axial compressors, which require a breakthrough in the study of tip flow unsteadiness. This article begins with a review of past research on unsteady tip flow phenomena, examining them from the perspectives of self-excited unsteadiness and rotating instability (RI). Detailed discussions are presented on the relationships between RI and tip clearance noise, non-synchronous vibrations, and stall inceptions. This is followed by explanations for the origin of the tip flow unsteadiness. Six theories proposed in existing literature are classified, including vortex shedding, tip leakage vortex breakdown, the interaction between tip leakage flow and adjacent flow, rotating instability vortex, tip secondary vortex, and shear layer instability. There have been only limited investigations of control techniques aimed at suppressing tip flow unsteadiness. These methods are classified according to their control mechanisms and the corresponding control effects are presented. Additionally, recommendations for future advancements in these fields are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 101063"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101051
Eytan J. Adler, Joaquim R.R.A. Martins
Aviation’s emissions are among the hardest to eliminate. There are a handful of solutions: battery-electric propulsion, hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen combustion, and synthetic hydrocarbon fuel produced with carbon from the air. All of these solutions rely on renewable electricity, a resource that will be in short supply as other industries use it to decarbonize. Depending on the flight distance and speed, some carbon-neutral aircraft types demand less renewable electricity, while others are infeasible. Previous work focuses on the cost and climate impact of these alternative fuels and their effects on individual aircraft designs, but not when each solution is viable. We determine the cruise speed and flight range limitations of each. We find that battery-electric aircraft are the most efficient option for short flights, and a combination of hydrogen combustion and fuel cell aircraft are most efficient when batteries are too heavy. We also show that battery and fuel cell technology improvements could enable them to serve all missions. Determining the potential and limitations of different sustainable aircraft enables future efforts to focus on the most impactful technologies.
{"title":"Energy demand comparison for carbon-neutral flight","authors":"Eytan J. Adler, Joaquim R.R.A. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aviation’s emissions are among the hardest to eliminate. There are a handful of solutions: battery-electric propulsion, hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen combustion, and synthetic hydrocarbon fuel produced with carbon from the air. All of these solutions rely on renewable electricity, a resource that will be in short supply as other industries use it to decarbonize. Depending on the flight distance and speed, some carbon-neutral aircraft types demand less renewable electricity, while others are infeasible. Previous work focuses on the cost and climate impact of these alternative fuels and their effects on individual aircraft designs, but not when each solution is viable. We determine the cruise speed and flight range limitations of each. We find that battery-electric aircraft are the most efficient option for short flights, and a combination of hydrogen combustion and fuel cell aircraft are most efficient when batteries are too heavy. We also show that battery and fuel cell technology improvements could enable them to serve all missions. Determining the potential and limitations of different sustainable aircraft enables future efforts to focus on the most impactful technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 101051"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101050
E.G. Waddington, P.J. Ansell
Sustainable aviation is a frequently discussed concept in contemporary aviation literature, industry, and policy. However, a review of definitions for sustainable aviation indicates that there is limited agreement as to what sustainable aviation entails. Most definitions include an increase in aircraft efficiency or introduce alternate energy systems in an attempt to decrease overall emissions, but fall short of considering the broader effects of aviation on the globe and its inhabitants. To make progress towards sustainable aviation, it is necessary to synthesize a definition for sustainable aviation from the key elements of aviation and sustainability. Sustainable aviation is the process of creating the air transportation system that maintains the connectivity of communities and mobility of people, goods, and services while minimizing negative impacts to human health, fostering productive quality of life, and conserving natural resources. We then apply this definition to create a theoretical framework, the Five Circles of Sustainable Aviation, which can be utilized to establish sustainability goals for the broad aviation ecosystem. We then apply the theoretical framework to the sustainability of contemporary and concept aircraft. We provide an example sustainability metric analysis that subdivides the Five Circles of Sustainable Aviation into a series of preliminary, illustrative, quantitative and qualitative metrics that can be used to assess aviation systems for their sustainability performance. The importance of applying this framework within a system-of-systems perspective of the aviation value stream is emphasized, with can be used for the practical development of engineered systems pursuant to these sustainability goals. We also address the effects of our definition and sustainable aviation perspective to governance, education, regulation, and safety. Finally, we provide context for the historical perspectives of aviation and sustainability from which we synthesize our definition and tools.
{"title":"A definition, conceptual framework, and pathway towards sustainable aviation","authors":"E.G. Waddington, P.J. Ansell","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable aviation is a frequently discussed concept in contemporary aviation literature, industry, and policy. However, a review of definitions for sustainable aviation indicates that there is limited agreement as to what sustainable aviation entails. Most definitions include an increase in aircraft efficiency or introduce alternate energy systems in an attempt to decrease overall emissions, but fall short of considering the broader effects of aviation on the globe and its inhabitants. To make progress towards sustainable aviation, it is necessary to synthesize a definition for sustainable aviation from the key elements of aviation and sustainability. <strong>Sustainable aviation is the process of creating the air transportation system that maintains the connectivity of communities and mobility of people, goods, and services while minimizing negative impacts to human health, fostering productive quality of life, and conserving natural resources.</strong> We then apply this definition to create a theoretical framework, the Five Circles of Sustainable Aviation, which can be utilized to establish sustainability goals for the broad aviation ecosystem. We then apply the theoretical framework to the sustainability of contemporary and concept aircraft. We provide an example sustainability metric analysis that subdivides the Five Circles of Sustainable Aviation into a series of preliminary, illustrative, quantitative and qualitative metrics that can be used to assess aviation systems for their sustainability performance. The importance of applying this framework within a system-of-systems perspective of the aviation value stream is emphasized, with can be used for the practical development of engineered systems pursuant to these sustainability goals. We also address the effects of our definition and sustainable aviation perspective to governance, education, regulation, and safety. Finally, we provide context for the historical perspectives of aviation and sustainability from which we synthesize our definition and tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 101050"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101055
Tomasz Rybus
Due to the growing threat from space debris and the accelerating increase in the number of active satellites, Active Debris Removal (ADR) and In-Orbit Servicing (IOS) missions are currently being developed. A robotic manipulator mounted on a servicing satellite will enable precise grasping of a target object and is needed to perform complex servicing tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of robotic manipulators developed for ADR and IOS missions. This review includes the manipulators that have already been used in orbital missions, those developed in the past for missions that were cancelled, technology demonstrators, and the manipulators currently in development for planned missions. The review includes the following manipulators: the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System, the manipulator developed for the ETS-VII mission, the Orbital Express Demonstration Manipulator System, the manipulator developed for the DEOS mission, the CAESAR, the LARAD, the VISPA, the WMS 1 Lemur, the TITAN, the FREND, the STAARK, and the TINA manipulators. Small manipulators designed for nanosatellites are also reviewed. Basic parameters of manipulators, such as the number of degrees of freedom, mass, and length, are compared. The Denavit-Hartenberg parameters and kinematic structures of the selected manipulators are presented. The paper includes a discussion of specific design features, such as the manipulator joint design. Finally, recent trends and future prospects are explored.
{"title":"Robotic manipulators for in-orbit servicing and active debris removal: Review and comparison","authors":"Tomasz Rybus","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the growing threat from space debris and the accelerating increase in the number of active satellites, Active Debris Removal (ADR) and In-Orbit Servicing (IOS) missions are currently being developed. A robotic manipulator mounted on a servicing satellite will enable precise grasping of a target object and is needed to perform complex servicing tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of robotic manipulators developed for ADR and IOS missions. This review includes the manipulators that have already been used in orbital missions, those developed in the past for missions that were cancelled, technology demonstrators, and the manipulators currently in development for planned missions. The review includes the following manipulators: the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System, the manipulator developed for the ETS-VII mission, the Orbital Express Demonstration Manipulator System, the manipulator developed for the DEOS mission, the CAESAR, the LARAD, the VISPA, the WMS 1 Lemur, the TITAN, the FREND, the STAARK, and the TINA manipulators. Small manipulators designed for nanosatellites are also reviewed. Basic parameters of manipulators, such as the number of degrees of freedom, mass, and length, are compared. The Denavit-Hartenberg parameters and kinematic structures of the selected manipulators are presented. The paper includes a discussion of specific design features, such as the manipulator joint design. Finally, recent trends and future prospects are explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 101055"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101044
Tamas Bykerk, Sebastian Karl, Mariasole Laureti, Moritz Ertl, Tobias Ecker
This paper presents a review of recent literature on the application of retro-propulsion in earth based rocket systems, with a specific focus on the recent advancements and challenges associated with the prediction of aerothermal and aerodynamic characteristics of re-usable boosters. It gives an overview of current system architectures and mission profiles, while discussing the trends in future vehicle design. The effects of various flight conditions on thermal loads and vehicle aerodynamics are discussed, with particular attention given to the interactions between plume and vehicle, as well as the interplay between individual nozzle exhausts. A short evaluation of wind tunnel testing capabilities and scaling challenges is given, before the use of computational fluid dynamics for retro-propulsion applications is discussed. Finally, a summary is given, which emphasises future needs surrounding the accurate prediction of the vehicle aerothermal and aerodynamic characteristics.
{"title":"Retro-propulsion in rocket systems: Recent advancements and challenges for the prediction of aerodynamic characteristics and thermal loads","authors":"Tamas Bykerk, Sebastian Karl, Mariasole Laureti, Moritz Ertl, Tobias Ecker","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a review of recent literature on the application of retro-propulsion in earth based rocket systems, with a specific focus on the recent advancements and challenges associated with the prediction of aerothermal and aerodynamic characteristics of re-usable boosters. It gives an overview of current system architectures and mission profiles, while discussing the trends in future vehicle design. The effects of various flight conditions on thermal loads and vehicle aerodynamics are discussed, with particular attention given to the interactions between plume and vehicle, as well as the interplay between individual nozzle exhausts. A short evaluation of wind tunnel testing capabilities and scaling challenges is given, before the use of computational fluid dynamics for retro-propulsion applications is discussed. Finally, a summary is given, which emphasises future needs surrounding the accurate prediction of the vehicle aerothermal and aerodynamic characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vortex loops are compact toroidal structures wherein fluid rotation forms a closed loop around a fictitious axis, manifest in many natural occurrences. These phenomena result from brief impulses through vents or apertures in fluid systems, such as in caves, volcanic crusts, downbursts, or the descent of liquid droplets. The majority of naturally occurring and laboratory-generated vortex loops, studied for fundamental research on their formation, growth, instability, and dissolution, are classified as incompressible. This categorisation denotes negligible alterations in thermodynamic properties within the vortex loop. However, a distinct category of vortex loops emerges from processes involving artillery, shock tubes, explosions, chemical interactions, and combustion. This class primarily constitutes compressible vortex loops. Their presence in flow fields spans over a century, and they have been observed since the application of open-ended shock tubes to explore phenomena like diffracting shock waves, blast wave interactions with objects, and noise mitigation. The study and comprehension of compressible vortex loops and their interactions have historically relied heavily on optical techniques, lacking comprehensive insight into the intricate flow dynamics. Nevertheless, the advancements in flow visualisation tools and computational capabilities in the 21st century have significantly aided scientists in scrutinising and characterising these vortex loops and their interactions in intricate detail. Unfortunately, a comprehensive review of the literature addressing compressible vortex loops originating from shock tubes, their evolution, and interactions with shockwaves and various objects, including walls, appears lacking. This review article aims to address this gap.
{"title":"Compressible vortex loops and their interactions","authors":"Murugan Thangadurai , Konstantinos Kontis , Craig White , Abhishek Kundu","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vortex loops are compact toroidal structures wherein fluid rotation forms a closed loop around a fictitious axis, manifest in many natural occurrences. These phenomena result from brief impulses through vents or apertures in fluid systems, such as in caves, volcanic crusts, downbursts, or the descent of liquid droplets. The majority of naturally occurring and laboratory-generated vortex loops, studied for fundamental research on their formation, growth, instability, and dissolution, are classified as incompressible. This categorisation denotes negligible alterations in thermodynamic properties within the vortex loop. However, a distinct category of vortex loops emerges from processes involving artillery, shock tubes, explosions, chemical interactions, and combustion. This class primarily constitutes compressible vortex loops. Their presence in flow fields spans over a century, and they have been observed since the application of open-ended shock tubes to explore phenomena like diffracting shock waves, blast wave interactions with objects, and noise mitigation. The study and comprehension of compressible vortex loops and their interactions have historically relied heavily on optical techniques, lacking comprehensive insight into the intricate flow dynamics. Nevertheless, the advancements in flow visualisation tools and computational capabilities in the 21st century have significantly aided scientists in scrutinising and characterising these vortex loops and their interactions in intricate detail. Unfortunately, a comprehensive review of the literature addressing compressible vortex loops originating from shock tubes, their evolution, and interactions with shockwaves and various objects, including walls, appears lacking. This review article aims to address this gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 101048"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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