{"title":"Haar wavelet fractional derivative","authors":"C. Cattani","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69933004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root traits and salt tolerance of Tagetes erecta","authors":"Y. Zhai, L. Xing, X. Hu, W. Li, X. Tang, S. Guo","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.4.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.4.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Karus, M. Zagars, H. Agasild, T. Feldmann, A. Tuvikene, L. Puncule, P. Zingel
{"title":"The comparison of the feeding of European perch Perca fluviatilis L. larvae in littoral and pelagic habitats of northern temperate lakes","authors":"K. Karus, M. Zagars, H. Agasild, T. Feldmann, A. Tuvikene, L. Puncule, P. Zingel","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser beam positioning in quasi-simultaneous laser transmission welding of polymers","authors":"S. M. Jankus, R. Bendikiene","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Babichenko, H. Hakkarainen, M. Kirm, L. Poryvkina, O. Rebane
{"title":"Bacterial spore’s fluorescence dependence on vaporised hydrogen peroxide concentration","authors":"S. Babichenko, H. Hakkarainen, M. Kirm, L. Poryvkina, O. Rebane","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69933185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Limits in the category Seg of Segal topological algebras","authors":"M. Abel","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69933473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The main goal of insurance company management is to increase shareholders’ value and implement a strategy that promotes sustainable growth of the company. Well-known possible measures intended to achieve that goal are as follows: share price, economic value, market capitalisation, gross premiums earned and solvency ratio. These measures include efficient capital management as capital expenses could be a major cost position depending on risk appetite and the extent of capital needed to support it. This research focuses on non-life insurers for reserve risk modelling. In the current study, a more accurate risk quantification model has been developed than the standard model provided by the EU regulator under the Solvency II framework. The proposed model provides capital cost gains as well. A case study based on non-life real data set with underwriting in the Baltic countries is discussed with inclusion of pandemic trends that had an impact on economies and customer behaviours. The study considers different non-life reserve distributions for each insurance business line, risk aggregation and the way of choosing the most appropriate type of copula model for non-life reserve risk. Adequate capital is calculated by applying value at risk at 99.5%, which is mandatory in the EU market. The study considers which selected tests have to be implemented in order to choose the most appropriate copula model for reserve risk. at risk.
{"title":"Efficient capital management using an internal model: a case of non-life insurance","authors":"I. Zariņa-Cīrule, G. Pettere, I. Voronova","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.3.08","url":null,"abstract":". The main goal of insurance company management is to increase shareholders’ value and implement a strategy that promotes sustainable growth of the company. Well-known possible measures intended to achieve that goal are as follows: share price, economic value, market capitalisation, gross premiums earned and solvency ratio. These measures include efficient capital management as capital expenses could be a major cost position depending on risk appetite and the extent of capital needed to support it. This research focuses on non-life insurers for reserve risk modelling. In the current study, a more accurate risk quantification model has been developed than the standard model provided by the EU regulator under the Solvency II framework. The proposed model provides capital cost gains as well. A case study based on non-life real data set with underwriting in the Baltic countries is discussed with inclusion of pandemic trends that had an impact on economies and customer behaviours. The study considers different non-life reserve distributions for each insurance business line, risk aggregation and the way of choosing the most appropriate type of copula model for non-life reserve risk. Adequate capital is calculated by applying value at risk at 99.5%, which is mandatory in the EU market. The study considers which selected tests have to be implemented in order to choose the most appropriate copula model for reserve risk. at risk.","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69933526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ploom, A. Mastitski, Meeli Arujõe, Alla Troska, J. Järv
. The replacement of the α -carbon atom in an α -amino acid structure by a nitrogen atom yields alkylcarbazic acids, also known as α -aza amino acids. Although the topology of α -amino acids and α -aza amino acids is similar, their chemical and stereochemical properties are significantly different. For this reason, the application of the common solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) protocol cannot be used for aza-peptide bond synthesis without changes. On the other hand, the aza-peptide bond is more stable than the common peptide bond, therefore these compounds are very attractive targets for drug design. In this review, we summarize data on aza-peptide bond chemistry, with implications for the improvement of aza-peptide chemical synthesis.
{"title":"Aza-peptides: expectations and reality","authors":"A. Ploom, A. Mastitski, Meeli Arujõe, Alla Troska, J. Järv","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.3.05","url":null,"abstract":". The replacement of the α -carbon atom in an α -amino acid structure by a nitrogen atom yields alkylcarbazic acids, also known as α -aza amino acids. Although the topology of α -amino acids and α -aza amino acids is similar, their chemical and stereochemical properties are significantly different. For this reason, the application of the common solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) protocol cannot be used for aza-peptide bond synthesis without changes. On the other hand, the aza-peptide bond is more stable than the common peptide bond, therefore these compounds are very attractive targets for drug design. In this review, we summarize data on aza-peptide bond chemistry, with implications for the improvement of aza-peptide chemical synthesis.","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69933784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Zayed, M. Alngar, A. Biswas, M. Ekici, Salam Khan, A. K. Alzahrani, M. Belić
. This paper recovers cubic-quartic perturbed solitons in fiber Bragg gratings with quadratic-cubic law nonlinear refractive index. The unified Riccati equation expansion method and the modified Kudryashov’s approach make this retrieval of soliton solutions possible. The parameter constraints, for the existence of such solitons, are also presented
{"title":"Optical solitons in fiber Bragg gratings with quadratic-cubic law of nonlinear refractive index and cubic-quartic dispersive reflectivity","authors":"E. Zayed, M. Alngar, A. Biswas, M. Ekici, Salam Khan, A. K. Alzahrani, M. Belić","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.2.05","url":null,"abstract":". This paper recovers cubic-quartic perturbed solitons in fiber Bragg gratings with quadratic-cubic law nonlinear refractive index. The unified Riccati equation expansion method and the modified Kudryashov’s approach make this retrieval of soliton solutions possible. The parameter constraints, for the existence of such solitons, are also presented","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69933051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gershgorin disk theorem in complex interval matrices","authors":"S. Chakraverty, S. Maiti","doi":"10.3176/proc.2022.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69933275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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